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1、2022年职称英语-理工-A类每日一练05-10-职称英语-理工-A类1、Many of their ideas are being incorporated intoorthodoxmedical treatment.A. acceptableB. conservativeC. westernD. conventional2、Smoking is notpermittedin the office.A. probableB. possibleC. admittedD. allowedMaglev Trains1 A few countries are using powerful elect
2、romagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation1, which means that these trains float over a guide way using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains.2 If youve ever played with magnets, you know that opposi
3、te poles attract and like poles repel each other2. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is temporary. You can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the
4、 ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery3. This creates a small magnetic field. If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery, the magnetic field is taken away.3 The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind
5、 a maglev train rail system. There are three components to this system: A large electrical power source, metal coils lining a guide way or track, and large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train.4 The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trai
6、ns do not have an engine at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks4. The engine for maglev trains is rather innoticeable. Instead of using fossil fuels, the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combines to propel
7、 the trains5.5 The magnetized coil running along the track, called a guideway, repels the large magnets on the trains undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate between 1 to 10 cm above the guideway. Once the train is levitated, power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a
8、 unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pul
9、l the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.6 Maglev trains float on a cushion of air, eliminating friction. This lack of friction allows these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 500 kph, or twice as fast as the faste
10、st conventional train. At 500 kph, you could travel from ParistoRomein just over two hours.词汇：levitate / levtet / v. 悬浮line /lain/ v.排列成行electrified / lektrfad / v.使带电propel / prpel / vt. 推进levitation / levten / n. 悬浮underside / ndsad / n.下侧，下面magnetize / mntaz / v. 使带磁propulsion / prpln / n. 推进guid
11、eway / gadwe / n. 导向槽undercarriage / ndkrd / n. 车盘注释:1. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation :maglev 是magnetic levitation 的缩略词。2. opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other: 异极相吸，同极相斥3. AA-cell battery：5号电池4. at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel
12、tracks: 至少不是沿着轨道拉动典型的火车车厢的那种发动机。5. the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combine to propel the train:由嵌入导向壁内的电磁线圈产生的磁场加上轨道，一起推动火车前进。 The magnetic field 和the track 是句子主语，createdy the electrified coils in the guideway walls是过去分词短语，用作定语，修饰the magnetic f
13、ield.A The Main Components of the Maglev Train System B High-speed Maglev due to Zero FrictionC The Working Principle of the Maglev TrainD Differences between Polarity and Magnetic FieldE Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional OnesF Maglev with a Powerful Motor3、Paragraph 3_.A. AB. BC. CD. DE.
14、 EF. FExperts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive WasteThe withdrawal of Nevadas Yucca Mountain as a potential nuclear waste repository1 has reopened the debate over how and where to dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste. In an article in the July 10 iss
15、ue of Science, University of Michigan2geologist Rodney Ewing and Princeton University3nuclear physicist Frank von Hippel argue that, although federal agencies should set standards and issue licenses for the approval of nuclear facilities, local communities and states should have the final approval o
16、n the siting of these facilities. The authors propose the development of multiple sites that would service the regions where nuclear reactors are located.“The main goal, should be to provide the United States with multiple alternatives and substantial public involvement in an open siting and design
17、process that requires acceptance by host communities and states,”the authors write.Ewing and von Hippel also analyze the reasons why Yucca Mountain, selected by Congress4in 1987 as the only site to be investigated for long-term nuclear waste disposal, finally was shelved5after more than three decade
18、s of often controversial debate. The reasons include the sites geological problems, management problems, important changes in the Environmental Protection Agencys standard, unreliable funding and the failure to involve local communities in the decision-making process.Going forward, efforts should be
19、 directed at locating storage facilities in the nations northeastern, southeastern, midwestern and western regions, and states within a given region should be responsible for developing solutions that suit their particular circumstances. Transportation of nuclear waste over long distances, which was
20、 a concern with the Yucca Mountain site, would be less of a problem because temporary storage or geological disposal sites could be located closer to reactors.“This regional approach would be similar to the current approach in Europe, where spent nuclear fuel6and high-level nuclear waste7from about
21、150 reactors and reprocessing plants is to be moved to a number of geological repositories in a variety of rock types8,”said Rodney Ewing, who has written extensively about the impact of nuclear waste management on the environment and who has analyzed safety assessment criteria for the controversial
22、 Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository.词汇:radioactive adj.放射性的 geologist n.地质学家shelve v.搁置 reactor n.反应堆，反应器repository n.储藏地，储藏室 geological adj. 地质的controversial adj. 有争议的注释: 1. The withdrawal of Nevadas Yucca Mountain as a potential nuclear waste repository: Nevadas Yucca Mountain:美国境内的内华达州尤卡山。 n
23、uclear waste repository:核废物处理库。美国能源部部长朱棣文 2009年 3月 5日表示，拟在内华达州尤卡山建设的核废物昀终处理库将不再是美国储存高放废物的一个选项。2. University of Michigan:美国密歇根大学，建于 1817年。3. Princeton University:美国普林斯顿大学，建于 1746年。4. Congress:美国国会，美国昀高立法机关，由参议院 (Senate)和众议院(House of Representatives)组成。5.was shelved: 被束之高阁。 6. spent nuclear fuel:也叫做 u
24、sed nuclear fuel，一般译为“乏核燃料”。7. high-level nuclear waste:高（强度）放（射性）核废物。8. geological repositories in a variety of rock types:各种不同岩层中的地质处置库。 geological repositories指的是地表以下 3001500米的稳定的地质体中建造的用于昀终处置高放废物和乏核燃料的工程设施。处置库是一个多重屏障系统，工程屏障由废物体、废物罐、外包装和缓冲回填材料组成，而天然屏障则是能有效阻滞放射性核素迁移的地质体，包括花岗岩、粘土岩、凝灰岩和岩盐等。许多专家认为地质处
25、置是安全的，技术上是可行的，对环境是无害的。4、What does the author of the essay in the fourth paragraph want to say?A. Efforts should be made to solve the problems of transportation of nuclear waste over long distance.B. Efforts should be made to develop as many nuclear disposal sites in the US as possible.C. Efforts sho
26、uld be made to develop nuclear disposal sites to suit the circumstances of the region.D. Efforts should be made to build as many temporary nuclear disposal sites as possible.Listening Device Provides Landslide Early WarningA device that provides early warning of a landslide by monitoring vibrations
27、in soil is being tested by UK researchers. The device could save thousands of lives each year by warning when an area should be evacuated, the scientists say. Such natural disasters are common in countries that experience sudden, heavy rainfall, and can also be triggered by earthquakes and even wate
28、r erosion.Landslides start when a new particles of soil or rock within a slope start to move, but the early stages can be hard to spot. Following this initial movement, “slopes can become unstable in a matter of hours or minutes.,” says Nell Dixon at Loughborough University1, UK. He says a warning s
29、ystem that monitors this movement “might be enough to evacuate a block of flats or clear a road, and save lives .”The most common way to monitor a slope for signs of an imminent landslide is to watch for changes in its shape. Surveyors can do this by measuring a site directly, or sensors sunk into h
30、oreholes or fixed above ground can be used to monitor the shape of a slope. Slopes can, howcver, change shape without triggering a landslide, so either method is prone to causing false alarms. Now Dixons team has developed a device that listens for the vibrations caused when particles begin moving w
31、ithin a slope.The device taktes the form of a steel pipe dropped into a borehole in a slope. The horeholeis filled in with gravel around the pipe to help transmit high-frequency vibrations generated by particles within the slope. These vibrations pass up the tube and are picked up by a sensor on the
32、 surface. Software analyses the vibration signal to determine whether a landslide may be imminent.The device is currently being tested in a 6-metre-tall artificial clay embankment in Newcastle2, UK. Early results suggest it should provide fewer false positives than existing systems. Once it has been
33、 carefully and thoroughly tested, the device could be used to create a complete early-warning system for dangerous slopes.“Locations with a significant risk of landslides could definitely benefit from a machine like this,” says Adam Poulter, an expert at the British Red Cross. “As long as it doesnt
34、cost too much.” But, Poulter adds that an early-warning system may not be enough on its own. “You need to have the human communication,” he says. “Making systems that get warnings to those who need them can be difficult.”词汇:landslide/ lndslad / n. 山崩地滑；塌方imminent /mnnt / adj. 即将发生的;迫切的，vibration / v
35、abren / n. 振动sensor / sens(r) / n. 传感器evacuate / vkjet / vi. 疏散，撤走borehole / b:hul / n. 钻孔，井眼rainfall / renf:l / n. 降雨，降雨量gravel / grvl / n. 砾，砾石，砂砾erosion / rn / n. 腐蚀，侵蚀embankment / mbkmnt /n. 堤岸注释：1.Loughbourough University：拉夫堡大学。该大学地处英格兰东部的拉夫堡市，始建于1909年的拉夫堡学院，1966年获得皇家特许正式成为综合性大学。2.Newcastle：纽卡斯
36、尔。英格兰东北部的一个自治区，位于利兹（Leeds）以北（the Tyne River）河畔。5、According to the context, what does the word “ positives” in the fifth paragraph mean?A. Positive electric charges.B. Evidences.C. WarningsD. Predictions. Renewable Energy SourcesToday petroleum provides around 40% of the worlds energy needs, mostly f
37、uelling automobiles1. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel2. Natural gas reserves could plug some of the gap from oil3, but reserves of that will not last into
38、 the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years4. We could fast reach an energy crisis. We need to rapidly develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future5. Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solu
39、tion. They may benefit the worlds poor too. “Renewable”, refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced.The Chinese and Romans used watermills over 2,000 years ago. But the first hydroelectric dam was built in England in 1870. Hydroelectric power is now the mos
40、t common form of renewable energy, supplying around 20% of world electricity. Chinas Three Gorges Dam6, which has just been completed, is the largest ever. At five times the size of the USs Hoover Dam7, its 26 turbines will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations8. It will sat
41、isfy 3% of Chinas entire electricity demand. Surprisingly, some argue that hydroelectric dams significantly contrihute greenhouse gases.In 2003, the first commercial power station to harness tidal currents9in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill, but others take the form of tu
42、rbines.As prices fall, wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generation quadrupling10 worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity. Though it will be more expensive, there is more than enough wind to provide the worlds entir
43、e energy needs. Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms. They can often end up at spots of natural beauty11, and are often unpopular with residents. And turbines are not totally benign they can interfere with radar and leave a significant ecological footprint12, altering climate and killing se
44、a birds. Migrating birds may have more luck avoiding them. Scotland is building Europes largest wind farm, which will power 200,000 homes. The UKs goal is to generate one-fifth of power from renewable sources, mainly wind, by 2020. But this may cause problems, because wind is unreliable.词汇：watermill
45、 / w:tml / n. 水力磨，水车gorge / :d / n. 峡，峡谷windmill / wndml / n. 风车；风力磨坊turbine / t:ban / n. 叶轮机，涡轮机hydroelectric / hadrlektrk / n. 水力发电的benign / bnan / adj. 无害的tidal / tadl / adj. 潮汐的footprint / ftprnt / n.脚印，足迹；接触面积quadruple / kwdru:pl / adj. 四倍；四倍的；使成四倍 注释:1. mostly fuelling automobiles:大多用来为汽车提供燃料。
46、 fuel在此作及物动词。2. fossil fuel: (煤、石油、天然气等 )矿物燃料3. Natural gas reserves could plug some of the gap from oil:天然气的储量可能填补部分石油短缺。动词 plug原义为“堵塞”在此作“填补”解。4. exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years:很容易在 50年内耗尽可采掘的燃料储备。 accessible：可得到的。5. to fuel our future:为我们的未来提供燃料6. Three Gorges Dam:三峡大坝7. Hoove
47、r Dam: Hoover大坝是美国七大民用建筑奇迹之一，建于科罗拉多河 (the Colorado River)上，1931年开始建造， 5年后完工。8. coal-fired power stations:烧煤的发电站9. to harness tidal currents:利用潮汐来发电。 harness:利用（河流、瀑布等）产生动力 (尤指电力 )。10. quadrupling:是动词 quadruple的现在分词形式，意思是 “（使）成四倍，翻两番”。如：Our profits have quadrupled in five years.五年里我们的利润翻了两番。11. often
48、 end up at spots of natural beauty:常常会出现在美丽的自然环境中。12. leave a significant ecological footprint：在生态环境中留下痕迹。即指本句后半句所说的 : altering climate and killing sea birds。6、Which of the following statements is true of wind power?A. There is plenty of wind to provide the worlds entire energy needs.B. It is the most rapidly growing type of electricity production.C. It may not be reliable.D. A