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1、命题趋势：近几年，任务型阅读这一新题型逐步进入中考题。任务型阅读主要考查学生实际运用语言的能力。它要求学生在阅读理解的基础上完成某些任务，考查学生的判断推理能力。 一、题型特点1. 命题灵活，题型多样。一般阅读理解题型多采用选择题，题型单一。任务型阅读题则可以通过一篇短文或一幅图表要求学生完成多项任务，命题人可以随心所欲地设计出多种题型，考查学生多方面的能力。 2. 贴近生活，凸显交际。任务型阅读重在考查用英语解决实际问题的能力，学生需在任务的引导下开展阅读，其问题设置不仅具有真实性、情境性，而且也体现出一定的开放性。这样的设问形式贴近学生使用语言的现实生活情景，学生完成任务的过程既是分析问题
2、、解决问题的过程，也是运用语言进行交际的过程。 3. 读写结合，重视输出。任务型阅读改变了过去阅读理解单向的信息输入，侧重主动的信息输出，要求学生整合短文中的相关信息，然后根据题目要求回答问题或完成图表，综合性很强。 4. 语言精练，高度概括。任务型阅读题目要求学生填表或给文章拟标题时一般都有一定的字数限制，要求学生在正确把握原文的基础上，充分运用自己所学语言，重新整合信息，运用规范、概括的文字准确无误地表达出来。二、题型分类综观近年来的任务型阅读题，我们可以归纳出以下五类考点：1. 中心归纳题中心归纳题属于综合概括题，主要位于表格的标题处。这类题要求考生在弄懂全文的内容后，抓住文章的中心，然
3、后对中心进行高度浓缩、概括，从而成为统领全文的标题。由于词数被限制在几个单词以内，因此这类题难度较大。考生必须具备对文章进行综合分析、归纳概括以及准确表达的能力。这类试题在考题中通常只占1题。2. 段意概括题段意概括题属于分析表达题，主要位于表格的左边栏。这类题主要考查考生对文章体裁、结构的认识及用语言文字的表达能力。如果文章是说明文，那么它的主题是什么？它的目的是什么？作者用什么方式、从哪几个方面进行介绍、说明的？作者通过介绍、说明得出了什么样的结论？作者提出了什么样的建议或希望？如果文章是议论文，那么文章的论点是什么？作者用什么方法、从哪些方面进行论证的？最后得出了什么样的结论？对于考生来
4、说，这类试题有一定的难度，考生必须平时注意对文章进行分析，同时还应多熟记一些概括性的词汇，如：purpose/aim/goal; topic/theme; suggestion/advice; type/kind; way/means/method; effect/result; cause/reason; feature/characteristic; function/use; comment/assessment等。这类试题在考题中一般占23题。3. 功能理解题功能理解题属于理解表达题。这类题主要考查考生对句子、信息在文章中所起作用的理解。考生不能只停留在对句子字面意思的理解，而应该透过
5、现象抓住句子、信息的本质，即它与前后信息的联系，它们之间究竟是什么样的关系，如因果、条件、让步、比较等。这类试题在考题中通常占23题。4. 信息压缩及改写题信息压缩及改写题属于活用题。考生只要通读全文，就能在文章中找到与试题相关的信息，但是由于所给的信息往往过长，考生必须对这些信息进行再次加工，将信息压缩、改写成不超过三个单词的短语。如The boy is eight years old这一信息可考虑改写为an eight-year-old boy。这类试题在考题中占23题。5. 信息获取题信息获取题属于基础题。考生一边阅读文章就能一边从文章中直接找出试题的相关信息，并且不需要任何加工就可将它
6、直接作为试题的答案。这类试题在考题中占23题。解题技巧：题型概述任务型阅读理解是中考必考题型之一，出题形式多样，常见题型有：根据短文内容来回答问题、还原句子、完成表格、判断正误和综合任务等。解题过程阅读(信息输入)判断、分析、概括、推理(信息加工与处理)答题(信息输出)。解题技巧一、明确阅读任务。明确所给的任务，带着任务去阅读材料。二、读全文，了解大意。了解文章主要内容、文章感情基调、作者的意图态度。三、读细节，逐题攻克。寻找细节，从原文找答案。精读细节，理解深层含义。四、通读全文，仔细检查。答题要求一、把握文章的内在逻辑关系，以文章提供的事实和观点为依据，立足原文，推断未知。二、在答题时，总
7、的原则就是：能简略回答，尽量简略回答。三、书写要规范。句子开头首字母要大写；标点符号要规范；单词拼写要正确无误；单词书写要认真。任务型阅读之解题方法1. 通读全文，掌握大意。 首先要通读全文，尤其注意首尾段及每段的首尾句。短文的首句和首段常常是作者要说明的对象、事件起因、作者要阐述的观点、事件发生的时间、地点与人物的联系等，结尾句、段是事件结论或作者要表达的意图、目的等。这样就容易抓住中心，为准确、迅速答题打下良好的基础。2. 浏览试题，明确要求。 在理解了文章的大意及框架结构后，应开始深入理解文章内容，浏览一下短文所设计的任务，并细读与每一道题目相关的段落，然后根据文中的关键词句确定答案。
8、3. 整合信息，准确简洁。 任务型阅读题目重点考查学生的综合归纳能力，很多题目需要学生根据文章内容进行归纳、总结后才能回答，因此，在确定与题目有关的语句后，还要对有关信息进行整合才能确定答案。此外，给文章拟标题类题目对答案有词数限制，要求学生必须对信息进行压缩，用尽量少的词汇简洁地表达重要信息。 4. 复读全文，核对答案。 这是至关重要的一步。在此阶段中，要用全文的主题思想统帅各思考题，研究其内在的逻辑关系。审核时，要结合在阅读和答题中所得到的信息重新读短文，检查答案，看是否前后一致、意义和语言知识是否和原文相同，是否符合逻辑等。如果发现前后矛盾、遗漏要点等错误，要立即纠正。任务型阅读之解题注
9、意事项1、重视语言知识，抓好语言基本功。 任务型阅读属于读写并重的综合性试题，它增强了对语言知识的考查力度，从简单的填写单词到回答问题，都要求学生在词汇、句法、语法等方面具有扎实的基本功。因此，学生在日常学习中要以课程标准为依据，依托教材，扎扎实实地夯实自己的语言知识。（1）丰富词汇知识，及时归纳拓展词汇的用法。（2）讲解、分析各种句法，并通过多种形式的操练如：简单句和复合句之间的转换，更改句子主语，把几个简单句改写为一个简单句等形式，让学生能对基础知识举一反三，熟练运用。（3）要在语境中呈现语法项目，并能灵活运用。 2、加强阅读训练，培养良好的阅读习惯。 （1）培养学生带着问题读文章的习惯。
10、做阅读理解类题目时应结合文章后面所设问题进行阅读，边阅读边选出考察表层问题的答案，并确定与考察深层含义有关的段落，为之后的细读打下坚实的基础。（2）培养学生整体把握篇章结构的能力。在阅读训练中，要注重整体阅读，加强文章结构的分析和理解训练。要引导学生分析文章结构，由篇章到层次到段落到细节，逐步分析，让学生学会总结中心思想、挖掘文章的要点及搞清作者的观点。同时，在尝试给文章添加标题的过程中，有效地训练学生整体把握篇章结构的能力。冰冻三尺非一日之寒。扎实的语言基础来自于平时严格的基本功训练和长期的知识积累。只要平时刻苦用功，打下扎实的英语知识基础，并掌握科学的答题方法，一定会攻克任务型阅读这类题目
11、。A阅读短文，根据要求完成文后的题目。 There was a man who had four sons. He wanted his sons to learn not to judge things too quickly. So he sent them to go and look at a pear tree far away in turns. The first son went in the winter, the second in the spring, the third in summer, and the youngest son in the fall. When
12、 they had all gone and come back, he called them together to describe what they had seen. The first son said that the tree was ugly. The second son said no; it was covered with green leaves, and full of hope. The third so n disagreed. He said there were many flowers that smelled so sweet and looked
13、so beautiful, it was the most wonderful thing he had ever seen. The last son disagreed with all of them, he said there was lots of fruit in the tree, full of life and harvest（收获）. The man then explained to his sons that they were all right, but they had each seen only one season in the tree s life.
14、He told them You cannot judge a tree, or a person by only one season and its true nature the pleasure, joy, and love that come from that life can only be judged at the end, when all the seasons are up.If you give up when its winter, you will miss the promise of your spring, the beauty of your summer
15、, harvest of your fall. Dont let the pain of one season kill the joy of all the rest. 1. Why did the man ask his sons to go and look at a pear tree in turns? (no more than 15 words) 2. Did the four sons have the same answer? (no more than 5 words) 3. What did the man think about his sons answers? (n
16、o more than 20 words) 4. 请将文中画线的句子翻译成汉语。 5. 请给短文拟一个适当的英文题目。 B 阅读短文，根据要求完成下面各小题。 Every year, more than nine million people all over the world come to visit London. They go to the museums and theatres; they look at interesting old buildings or have a drink in a park. A quick and easy way to get to dif
17、ferent places in the city is to take an underground train. The London underground is one of the best and most widely used transport networks（网状组织）in the world. The trains run all day and most of the night. (83)You d better not take the underground between eight o clock and ten o clock in the morning
18、, or four o clock and six o clock in the afternoon.(84) The trains are so crowded that you can hardly move or find a place to sit.Londons famous red buses form a big part of getting around in London. Although the London underground is the fastest and the simplest way of getting around London, the bu
19、ses play their part and are an experience you should try at least once. By sitting on the top deck (层) of the bus, you can get a great sightseeing (观光的) experience of London as well. Some special visitors buses take you to many of the interesting places in the city on one journey. It takes about one
20、 and a half hours, but you can cancel your journey and get off (and on again) at the different places you want to visit. London taxis are called black cabs. Most of them are black, but some are not. You can stop one if it has a For Hire (供租用的) sign on it. The drivers are friendly and helpful. In a w
21、ord, London is a big and beautiful city with Lots to see and to do. Welcome to London.A. 根据短文内容简要回答问题。81. How many kinds of transportation can visitors use to get around in London? List them._82. If you go to visit London, which two kinds of transportation are you going to choose? Why?_B. 将短文中划线的句子译
22、成汉语。来源:学§科§网83. _84. _C. 请给短文拟一个适当的英文标题。85. _C阅读下面短文，按要求完成各小题。Nick and his friends were talking about things that can bring them luck. I have a lucky red pen, said Andy. I have a lucky coin, said Peter. Every time I take a test, I carry my lucky coin. Nick thought for a moment, and said, M
23、y blue socks. Blue socks? the boys were surprised and asked together. Nick said that every time he wore his blue socks to school before a test, he got a good mark. The next day Nick had a Chinese test. He was sad because he couldnt find his blue socks. Mom!shouted Nick. Where are my blue socks? I ha
24、ve a Chinese test today, and I need to wear them.Dont be silly, Nicks mom said. They need to be washed. When I wear them, I get a good grade. Nick said. Did you prepare for your test? asked Mom. Yes.Then dont worry about it. Just do your best. Mom encouraged. A few days later, Nicks teacher told him
25、 that he got 95 in his test. Nick was so excited that he couldnt wait to tell Mom he did well in his test. Mom said, It wasnt the blue socks that made you success. In fact, it was made by yourself.71. Who could get luck from a red pen? (根据短文内容回答问题)72. Why was Nick sad the next day? (根据短文内容回答问题)73. W
26、as Nicks good mark made by the blue socks or by himself? (根据短文内容回答问题)74. 从文中找出与下面句子中画线部分意思最接近的短语。Nick was so excited that he couldnt wait to tell Mom he did well in his test.75. In this passage, the underlined word it refers to _.A（2019 哈尔滨）Dinosaurs(恐龙) once lived on the earth for a long time. They
27、 suddenly disappeared millions of years ago. What happened to them? Thats still a mystery. People never stop searching for the answer.Some US scientists say it is because there were not enough male(雄性的) dinosaurs. They got this idea after researching crocodiles(鳄鱼).Mother crocodiles lay eggs and lat
28、er baby crocodiles come out. The local temperature decides the sex(性别) of the baby crocodile. When the eggs are at a temperature of 26 to 30, the babies are all girls; when the temperature is 30 to 34, there are both boys and girls; when it is 34 to 36, only boys are born.Dinosaurs' babies also
29、came from eggs. So scientists have given us a new picture: millions of years ago, it suddenly became very cold. Almost all dinosaur babies were girls. There were fewer and fewer male dinosaurs. Mother dinosaurs could not give birth to more babies. Finally, these powerful animals disappeared.阅读短文，根据英
30、文释义及首字母提示拼写单词。69. e_ as many or as much as necessary.70. l_ to produce eggs from the bodies of birds, insects and so on阅读短文，完成同义句转换，每空一词。Dinosaurs babies also came from eggs.Dinosaurs babies came from eggs 71. _ 72. _.根据短文内容回答问题。When did dinosaurs suddenly disappear?73. _.What decides the sex of the
31、 baby crocodile?74. _.Are the baby crocodiles only boys when its 35?75. _.B（2019 湖北省鄂州市）Laurence Kim Peek was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, on November 11, 1951. He was not like other children when he was young. A medical scan (扫描) showed that the two halves of his brain were not connected in the us
32、ual way. He developed an amazing memory. He started to read when he was two. He remembered everything he had read.To read more quickly, he read the left page with his left eye and the right page with his right eye. By reading the two pages at the same time, (61)看完一本书花他不到一小时的时间。By the age of 30, he h
33、ad memorized around 12,000 books.However, he did not develop so well in other areas. (62) He could not walk before four years old , and he had problems putting on his clothes and shoes. His social skills were poor, and he was extremely sensitive (敏感的) about new people. In 1984, Peek and his father m
34、et Hollywood movie writer Barry Morrow. Morrow was fascinated by Peek and began to write a new play about Peeks experiences. The movie Rain Man won an Oscar for Best Picture in 1988. (63) This changed Peeks life. (64) He got used to being the center of attention. He became more self-confident. He ap
35、peared on TV and traveled around the country with his father to develop awareness(意识) of his condition.Peek was not only an amazing man but also a real Rain Man. Sadly, Peek died of a heart attack in 2009.任务一：将61 处翻译成英文。41. _任务二：将62 处改为复合句。42. _任务三：写出 63 处 “this” 指代的内容。43. _任务四：将64 处翻译成中文。44. _任务五：(
36、65) 找出该文段的中心句。45. _C（2019 河北省）Critical thinking(批判性思维) is trying to improve the way you think. People use critical thinking in every area of life to solve problems and evaluate claims(评估主张).Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice. When a problem comes our way, we need to think criti
37、cally to decide how to solve it. When we see an advertisement, for example, we should stop and think. Advertisements are made to make people feel certain that they are true, and then people can buy the products. But is what the advertisement says true? Is it making a claim? Or does it only interest
38、us? Critical thinking is important and stops us from making poor choices. In fact, we are using it if we ask questions naturally about what we see.Practice makes perfect. While you are growing in critical thinking, youll become a wiser and more thoughtful person. There are many ways of doing practic
39、e. Here are a few. Read about a topic people disagree on. Look at articles or books on all sides of the subject. For each side of the subject, think carefully and evaluate it. When you see or hear a claim, ask questions about it. Who is making the claim and why?Evaluate your own thinking.
40、Where and why do you think uncritically? How can you improve?Critical thinking should be part of everything we do. It may help you to succeed at work or school. Make yourself into a habit of critical thinking. Change your thoughts and change your world.66、67题完成句子；68题简略回答问题；69题找出并写下第二段的主题句；
41、70题将文中画线句子译成汉语。66. People use critical thinking to _ and evaluate claims.67. Critical thinking can stop us from _.68. What kind of person will you become as you grow in critical thinking? _69. _70. _D（2018 河北中考）阅读短文，并按要求完成6670题。Artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) is growing rapidly. We are living in
42、 a world that depends more and more on AI. AI is a group of technologies that help machines get, understand and use information to do tasks.AIs recent developments have got a lot of social attention. Some people have welcomed AI because it makes things possible. For example, AI will have a big influ
43、ence on areas like medicine and engineering. But this attention has also produced a lot of fear. Especially, many workers are worrying that AI could make them lose their jobs.According to a recent study, nearly five percent of jobs will disappear because of AI. In some industries, AI is already doin
44、g the work that people used to do, such as assembling(装配) cars, digging the coal and lifting goods. Self-driving cars and trucks controlled by AI will also take away the drivers jobs in the future.On the other hand, AI will also create many new jobs for people. More people will be needed to write pr
45、ogrammers for AI systems(系统) and they will set up and work on them, too. Meanwhile, jobs that require feelings, excellent communication skills with people will not be replaced(取代) by AI. These includes jobs in fields like teaching, nursing and personal training.AI is here. It is changing how people live and work in many ways. That makes AI important to watch, n