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1、考点35 任务型阅读之综合任务命题趋势：近几年，任务型阅读这一新题型逐步进入中考题。任务型阅读主要考查学生实际运用语言的能力。它要求学生在阅读理解的基础上完成某些任务，考查学生的判断推理能力。 一、题型特点1. 命题灵活，题型多样。一般阅读理解题型多采用选择题，题型单一。任务型阅读题则可以通过一篇短文或一幅图表要求学生完成多项任务，命题人可以随心所欲地设计出多种题型，考查学生多方面的能力。 2. 贴近生活，凸显交际。任务型阅读重在考查用英语解决实际问题的能力，学生需在任务的引导下开展阅读，其问题设置不仅具有真实性、情境性，而且也体现出一定的开放性。这样的设问形式贴近学生使用语言的现实生活情景，
2、学生完成任务的过程既是分析问题、解决问题的过程，也是运用语言进行交际的过程。 3. 读写结合，重视输出。任务型阅读改变了过去阅读理解单向的信息输入，侧重主动的信息输出，要求学生整合短文中的相关信息，然后根据题目要求回答问题或完成图表，综合性很强。 4. 语言精练，高度概括。任务型阅读题目要求学生填表或给文章拟标题时一般都有一定的字数限制，要求学生在正确把握原文的基础上，充分运用自己所学语言，重新整合信息，运用规范、概括的文字准确无误地表达出来。二、题型分类综观近年来的任务型阅读题，我们可以归纳出以下五类考点：1. 中心归纳题中心归纳题属于综合概括题，主要位于表格的标题处。这类题要求考生在弄懂全
3、文的内容后，抓住文章的中心，然后对中心进行高度浓缩、概括，从而成为统领全文的标题。由于词数被限制在几个单词以内，因此这类题难度较大。考生必须具备对文章进行综合分析、归纳概括以及准确表达的能力。这类试题在考题中通常只占1题。2. 段意概括题段意概括题属于分析表达题，主要位于表格的左边栏。这类题主要考查考生对文章体裁、结构的认识及用语言文字的表达能力。如果文章是说明文，那么它的主题是什么？它的目的是什么？作者用什么方式、从哪几个方面进行介绍、说明的？作者通过介绍、说明得出了什么样的结论？作者提出了什么样的建议或希望？如果文章是议论文，那么文章的论点是什么？作者用什么方法、从哪些方面进行论证的？最后
4、得出了什么样的结论？对于考生来说，这类试题有一定的难度，考生必须平时注意对文章进行分析，同时还应多熟记一些概括性的词汇，如：purpose/aim/goal; topic/theme; suggestion/advice; type/kind; way/means/method; effect/result; cause/reason; feature/characteristic; function/use; comment/assessment等。这类试题在考题中一般占23题。3. 功能理解题功能理解题属于理解表达题。这类题主要考查考生对句子、信息在文章中所起作用的理解。考生不能只停留在对
5、句子字面意思的理解，而应该透过现象抓住句子、信息的本质，即它与前后信息的联系，它们之间究竟是什么样的关系，如因果、条件、让步、比较等。这类试题在考题中通常占23题。4. 信息压缩及改写题信息压缩及改写题属于活用题。考生只要通读全文，就能在文章中找到与试题相关的信息，但是由于所给的信息往往过长，考生必须对这些信息进行再次加工，将信息压缩、改写成不超过三个单词的短语。如The boy is eight years old这一信息可考虑改写为an eight-year-old boy。这类试题在考题中占23题。5. 信息获取题信息获取题属于基础题。考生一边阅读文章就能一边从文章中直接找出试题的相关信
6、息，并且不需要任何加工就可将它直接作为试题的答案。这类试题在考题中占23题。解题技巧：题型概述任务型阅读理解是中考必考题型之一，出题形式多样，常见题型有：根据短文内容来回答问题、还原句子、完成表格、判断正误和综合任务等。解题过程阅读(信息输入)判断、分析、概括、推理(信息加工与处理)答题(信息输出)。解题技巧一、明确阅读任务。明确所给的任务，带着任务去阅读材料。二、读全文，了解大意。了解文章主要内容、文章感情基调、作者的意图态度。三、读细节，逐题攻克。寻找细节，从原文找答案。精读细节，理解深层含义。四、通读全文，仔细检查。答题要求一、把握文章的内在逻辑关系，以文章提供的事实和观点为依据，立足原
7、文，推断未知。二、在答题时，总的原则就是：能简略回答，尽量简略回答。三、书写要规范。句子开头首字母要大写；标点符号要规范；单词拼写要正确无误；单词书写要认真。任务型阅读之解题方法1. 通读全文，掌握大意。 首先要通读全文，尤其注意首尾段及每段的首尾句。短文的首句和首段常常是作者要说明的对象、事件起因、作者要阐述的观点、事件发生的时间、地点与人物的联系等，结尾句、段是事件结论或作者要表达的意图、目的等。这样就容易抓住中心，为准确、迅速答题打下良好的基础。2. 浏览试题，明确要求。 在理解了文章的大意及框架结构后，应开始深入理解文章内容，浏览一下短文所设计的任务，并细读与每一道题目相关的段落，然后
8、根据文中的关键词句确定答案。 3. 整合信息，准确简洁。 任务型阅读题目重点考查学生的综合归纳能力，很多题目需要学生根据文章内容进行归纳、总结后才能回答，因此，在确定与题目有关的语句后，还要对有关信息进行整合才能确定答案。此外，给文章拟标题类题目对答案有词数限制，要求学生必须对信息进行压缩，用尽量少的词汇简洁地表达重要信息。 4. 复读全文，核对答案。 这是至关重要的一步。在此阶段中，要用全文的主题思想统帅各思考题，研究其内在的逻辑关系。审核时，要结合在阅读和答题中所得到的信息重新读短文，检查答案，看是否前后一致、意义和语言知识是否和原文相同，是否符合逻辑等。如果发现前后矛盾、遗漏要点等错误，
9、要立即纠正。任务型阅读之解题注意事项1、重视语言知识，抓好语言基本功。 任务型阅读属于读写并重的综合性试题，它增强了对语言知识的考查力度，从简单的填写单词到回答问题，都要求学生在词汇、句法、语法等方面具有扎实的基本功。因此，学生在日常学习中要以课程标准为依据，依托教材，扎扎实实地夯实自己的语言知识。（1）丰富词汇知识，及时归纳拓展词汇的用法。（2）讲解、分析各种句法，并通过多种形式的操练如：简单句和复合句之间的转换，更改句子主语，把几个简单句改写为一个简单句等形式，让学生能对基础知识举一反三，熟练运用。（3）要在语境中呈现语法项目，并能灵活运用。 2、加强阅读训练，培养良好的阅读习惯。 （1）
10、培养学生带着问题读文章的习惯。做阅读理解类题目时应结合文章后面所设问题进行阅读，边阅读边选出考察表层问题的答案，并确定与考察深层含义有关的段落，为之后的细读打下坚实的基础。（2）培养学生整体把握篇章结构的能力。在阅读训练中，要注重整体阅读，加强文章结构的分析和理解训练。要引导学生分析文章结构，由篇章到层次到段落到细节，逐步分析，让学生学会总结中心思想、挖掘文章的要点及搞清作者的观点。同时，在尝试给文章添加标题的过程中，有效地训练学生整体把握篇章结构的能力。冰冻三尺非一日之寒。扎实的语言基础来自于平时严格的基本功训练和长期的知识积累。只要平时刻苦用功，打下扎实的英语知识基础，并掌握科学的答题方法
11、，一定会攻克任务型阅读这类题目。AA different culture keeps my eyes and mind open. When I stayed in Russia as an exchange student, I learned about it.One day, a Russian friend invited me to a famous restaurant in Moscow. I looked forward to trying local food. After arriving there, I found nothing on the table but se
12、veral small plates, on which there were nuts, a few slices(片) of tomatoes, and several pieces of onions. Although the dishes were simple, we drank a lot and I felt the passion(热情) from the bottom of his heart. In China, when we invite friends or relatives, we always treat them to a big dinner. We pr
13、epare as much food as we can to show our friendliness.What a different culture it is! Even though we try our best, it's very hard to get used to their customs.Another Russian custom also impresses me deeply. As we know, it is very cold in winter there. When winter comes,俄罗斯人喜欢游泳. They even take
14、their kids outside together. Like their parents, Russian kids rub(擦) their bodies with snow before jumping into the water. Although the water is freezing cold, they all play happily in it.What fun it is to know about a different culture!41. 请将处画线句子译汉语。_42. 请将处画线句子译为英语。_43. Russian kids rub their bod
15、ies with snow before they _ _ the water.44. 在文章中找出与所给句子含义相同的英语句子。Though we do our best, understanding their customs is difficult._45. 从文中找出能说明本文主旨大意的短语。_【答案】41. 我们会尽可能多的准备食物来显示我们的友善。 42. Russians like/love to swim/swimming./ Russians enjoy/are fond of /are keen on swimming. 43. (1). jump (2). into 4
16、4. Even though we try our best, it's very hard to get used to their customs. 45. A/a different culture【解析】本文主要讲述了作者了解了俄罗斯的别样风俗和文化的经历和感受。【41题详解】We主语我们；谓语prepare准备；宾语as much food as we can 尽可能多的食物；to show our friendliness不定式引导目的状语从句，来展示我们的友善。故答案填我们会尽可能多的准备食物来显示我们的友善。【42题详解】一般现在时。主语俄罗斯人Russians；谓语喜
17、欢游泳，喜欢做某事enjoy doing sth.或love/like to do/doing sth.或be fond of doing sth.或be keen on doing sth.；主语是复数形式，故be动词用复数形式，动词用原形；游泳swim。故答案填Russians like/love to swim/swimming./ Russians enjoy/are fond of /are keen on swimming.【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第4大段“Like their parents, Russian kids rub(擦) their bodies with sn
18、ow before jumping into the water.”俄罗斯的孩子们在跳进水里之前用雪擦身体。可知，是跳进的意思。一般现在时，主语是they，故动词用原形。故答案填jump into。【44题详解】细节理解题。Though we do our best, understanding their customs is difficult虽然我们尽努力了，但是要习惯他们的习俗是很难的。根据第3大段“Even though we try our best, it's very hard to get used to their customs.”虽然我们尽努力了，但是要习惯他们
19、的习俗是很难的。可知，句子意思一致。故答案填Even though we try our best, it's very hard to get used to their customs.【45题详解】主旨大意题。根据第5大段“What fun it is to know about a different culture!”懂得一种不同的文化是多么有趣啊！可知，本文主要讲述了不同的文化。故答案填A/a different culture。BMinzhe has a large tea plantation (种植园) in his hometown in Guilin, Guang
20、xi. (A) It covers an area of more than 650 square meters.The quality of tea has to do with the tea plants. The leaf-picking and processing play an important part, too. A tea plant can only be picked when it is about three years old. At each picking, only young leaves can be picked. And tea plants ar
21、e usually of different height. So Minzhe hardly ever uses machines. As an experienced tea farmer, Minzhe knows which leaves to pick and when to pick these leaves.Planting tea needs great patience and lots of hard work. The day begins early for Minzhe.He starts working at 5 o'clock in the morning
22、. (B) He walks through the plants slowly and picks tea leaves carefully.April is usually the busiest month for Minzhe. It's the best time to make best green tea. Minzhe has to pick about 90,000 pieces of young leaves to make one pound (磅) of green tea. Soon after picking the leaves, he begins pr
23、ocessing (C) them. The leaves are dried and rolled and then shaped. A heavy smell of the tea leaves fills the air in the workshop.Minzhe picks about 50 pounds of leaves to make delicious tea in a full day's work. It makes him feel proud of himself. Being a tea farmer is hard work. However, for g
24、ood tea, it is always worth it, Minzhe says.56. 将文中(A)处划线的句子“It covers an area of more than 650 square meters.”译成汉语。_57. 根据上下文完成句子。_, _ and _ are all important to the quality of tea.58. 回答问题。Why does Minzhe hardly ever use machines? _59. 将文中(B)处划线的句子He walks through the plants slowly and picks tea l
25、eaves carefully. 译成汉语。_60. 写出文中(C) 处划线代词them所指代的内容。_61. 从文中找出与“The workshop is filled with a heavy smell of the tea leaves.”意思相同或相近的句子。_【答案】56. 它占地面积超过650平方米。 57. (1). The tea plants (2). the leaf-picking (3). processing 58. Because tea plants are usually of different height. 59. 他慢慢地穿过植物，小心翼翼地采摘茶叶。
26、 60. the leaves 61. A heavy smell of the tea leaves fills the air in the workshop.【解析】本文介绍了明哲的茶园。【56题详解】cover：覆盖；an area of：的面积；more than 650 square meters：超过650平方米。占地面积。结合上文“明哲在广西桂林老家有一个大茶园。”可知此句翻译为“它占地面积超过650平方米。”。【57题详解】根据第2段第1和2句“The quality of tea has to do with the tea plants. The leaf-picking
27、 and processing play an important part, too.（茶叶的质量与茶树有关。叶的采摘和加工也起着重要的作用。）”可知“茶树、采摘、加工对茶叶品质都有重要影响。”故答案为“（1）The tea plants；（2）the leaf-picking；（3）processing 。【58题详解】根据第2段第5和6句“And tea plants are usually of different height. So Minzhe hardly ever uses machines.”可知民哲几乎从不使用机器原因是因为茶树的高度通常不同。故答案为“Because t
28、ea plants are usually of different height.”。【59题详解】walk through the plants slowly：慢地穿过植物；picks tea leaves：采摘茶叶；carefully小心翼翼地，picks tea leaves carefully：小心翼翼地采摘茶叶。故答案为“他慢慢地穿过植物，小心翼翼地采摘茶叶。”【60题详解】此句“Soon after picking the leaves, he begins processing them.”句意：摘完叶子后不久，他就开始加工它们。根据句意可知them指代“叶子”；故答案为the
29、 leaves。【61题详解】“The workshop is filled with a heavy smell of the tea leaves.”句意：车间里弥漫着浓浓的茶叶味。此句是被动语态，和第4段最后一句“A heavy smell of the tea leaves fills the air in the workshop.( 车间里空气中弥漫着浓浓的茶叶味。)”句意相同，第4段最后一句是主动语态。故答案为“A heavy smell of the tea leaves fills the air in the workshop.”。CKoalas are tree-hugg
30、ing animals with big, round ears and black oval (椭圆形的) noses. They are a symbol of Australia, the only place in the world where they are found. They are loved by many people for their small size and cartoon-like features.A koala mother gives birth to and raises only one baby koala at a time. (D) Dur
31、ing a koala mother's life, she will produce up to six babies. A newborn baby is born blind with undeveloped features. It measures less than 3 cm in length. Upon birth, the baby makes its way to the mother's pouch (育儿袋). It develops its eyes, legs and fur here. In fact, it lives in the mother
32、's pouch for about six months. Then the baby will climb on its mother's back and stay with her up to a year.Koalas spend most of their time eating and sleeping. Eucalyptus leaves are the only food koalas eat. Although the leaves are not good to most animals, koalas can digest (消化) the leaves
33、 very well. Eucalyptus leaves have a fair amount of water, so koalas seldom drink water. They eat 3 hours per day, usually during the nighttime, and rest 16 to 18 hours a day.Koalas face many threats (威胁). The loss of their home is the biggest threat. Fire has also become a huge threat to them. Not
34、only do koalas die when fire sweeps through their home, but it kills eucalyptus trees that they depend on for food. Koalas also are threatened by dogs, cats and other animals.62. 根据短文完成句子。Many people love koalas because of their _ and cartoon-like features.63. 将文中(D) 处划线的句子During a koala mother'
35、s life, she will produce up to six babies.译成汉语。_64. 回答问题。How long does the baby koala live in the mother's pouch? _65. 根据短文完成句子。Koalas spend most of their time _.66. 从文中找出与“hardly ever drink water”意思相同或相近的表达。_67. 用英语列举考拉面临的三种威胁。_【答案】62. small size 63. 在考拉母亲的一生中，她将产下多达六个婴儿。 64. For about six mont
36、hs. 65. eating and sleeping 66. have a fair amount of water 67. (1). The loss of their home. (2). Fire. (3). They are threatened by dogs cats and other animals.【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要从长相、习性和面临的威胁等方面介绍了澳大利亚的考拉。【62题详解】根据文中They are loved by many people for their small size and cartoon-like features.可知，它们以小巧的身材
37、和卡通般的特点深受人们的喜爱。故答案为small size。【63题详解】During在期间；a koala mothers life考拉母亲的一生；she她，人称代词主格；will将会；produce生产；up to多达；six babies六个孩子；整理之后可以看出，这里表达的是“考拉母亲的一生会产下多达六个孩子”，故答案为：在考拉母亲的一生中，她将产下多达六个婴儿。【64题详解】根据文中Upon birth, the baby makes its way to the mothers pouch (育儿袋). It develops its eyes, legs and fur here
38、. In fact, it lives in the mothers pouch for about six months.可知，小考拉会在母亲的育儿袋里生活大约六个月，故答案为For about six months。【65题详解】根据文中Koalas spend most of their time eating and sleeping.可知考拉一生大部分时间都在吃和睡，故答案为eating and sleeping。【66题详解】根据文中Eucalyptus leaves have a fair amount of water, so koalas seldom drink water
39、.可知，桉树的叶子有相当多的水分，所以考拉很少喝水。故答案为have a fair amount of water。【67题详解】根据文中Koalas face many threats (危胁). The loss of their home is the biggest threat. Fire has also become a huge threat to them. Not only do koalas die when fire sweeps through their home, but it kills eucalyptus trees that they depend on
40、for food. Koalas also are threatened by dogs, cats and other animals.可知，他们面临的威胁有失去家园，火灾以及狗、猫和其他动物，故答案为The loss of their home，Fire，They are threatened by dogs, cats and other animals.A（2020 河北省）阅读下面短文，按要求完成下列各题。Remember books? The paper kind. With pages. In the old days before computers, to get infor
41、mation, people read books and newspapers. Students spent hours and hours in the library, looking for information in the old books for homework. Now students can find anything on the internet in seconds. The library was a place where everyone was quiet. Sing along to music? Never! Watch a movie on ph
42、one while they are reading? Impossible! But now students can watch videos about their research topic as they write a paper.Before computers, articles were handwritten. If a student made a mistake, he would throw the paper away and start writing all over again. Now? If a student makes a mistake, he c
43、an just remove or cut it. Students type on their computers and edit （编辑）freely. But they should save their writing in time on the computer because it may stop working suddenly. Who wants to lose his hard work forever?Communication online is easy and fun. While students are writing, they can discuss
44、with friends in another window. Did you think they were chatting （聊天）with someone in the real same room? No! They're chatting with everyone in their own room.Technology helps us get important information in no time. In areas where bad weather is a problem, we can get warnings from our phone. Our
45、 local radio or TV station can give information about where to get help or what to do to keep our family and home safe. Technology is our friend!1题完成句子；2、3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下第四段的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。36. In the old days before computers, people _to get information.37. How can a student correct his mistake while writing on the computer?38. Why should students save their writing in time on the computer?39. _40. _【答案】36. read books and newspapers 37. He can just remove or cut it. / By removing or cutting it. 38. Because it may stop working suddenly