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1、优选例题【例题】（2020·全国II卷）Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children
2、who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of
3、53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their a
4、bility to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more freq
5、uently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skill. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.The findings were published in
6、 the journal Developmental Science.1. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A. Building confidence.B. Developing spatial skills.C. Learning self-control.D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.2. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experimental?A. Parents age.B. Children
7、s imagination.C. Parents education.D. Child-parent relationship.3. How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?A. They play with puzzles more often.B. They tend to talk less during the game.C. They prefer to use more spatial language.D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.4. What is the te
8、xt mainly about?A. A mathematical method.B. A scientific study.C. A woman psychologistD. A teaching program【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现益智游戏是认知的一个重要预测因素。1.细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第三段“.found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed
9、at 54 months of age.”，故选B。2.细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第二段“Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for differences in parents income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.”（莱文说，在控制了父母收入、教育程度和家长对话量的差异后，益智游戏被发现是认知能力的一个显著预测因素。），故选C。3.细节理解题。根据题干信息，定位到最后一段“H
10、owever, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls.”，故选D。4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现，益智游戏是认知的一个重要预测因素。故选B。模拟优练（一）Sacagawea was not afraid. Although she was only 16 years old and the only female in an exploration group of more than 45 people, she was ready to courageously make her
11、mark in American history.In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson bought more than 825,000 square miles of land from France. To explore this new part of the country, Jefferson sent Lewis and William Clark on a two-year journey to report on what they found. They needed local guides to help them through th
12、is unknown territory.Born to a Shoshone chief around 1788, Sacagawea had been kidnapped (绑架) by an enemy tribe when she was about 12, then sold to a French-Canadian trapper. When the trapper was hired as a guide for Lewis and Clark's expedition in 1804, Sacagawea also joined as an interpreter to
13、 talk to Native-American people on their 8, 000-mile journey.Sacagawea soon became a respected member of the group. She was skilled at finding plants for food and medicine to help keep the explorers alive. When a boat capsized (翻) on the Missouri River as they were crossing into what is now Montana,
14、 Sacagawea saved important books and much-needed supplies. When they needed horses to cross rough area, she convinced a Shoshone tribeled by her long-lost brotherto give them some. She was so esteemed by Lewis and Clark that when they reached the Pacific Ocean in November 1805, Sacagawea was asked t
15、o cast her vote for where they should build a fort (营地).Sacagawea proved herself again after the group took a different route home through what is now Idaho. As they passed through her homeland, Sacagawea remembered Shoshone trails from her childhood and helped the expedition find their way through.
16、 Clark even praised her as his “pilot”.She received no pay for her services and died on December 20, 1812. But Sacagawea's bravery and skill live on in the expedition's journals, which are full of praise for the 16-year-old Shoshone girl who guided the most famous American expedition of all
17、time.5Why did the explorers hire Sacagawea?ATo do trade.BTo fight the enemy.CTo be safer.DTo help communicate.6What does the underlined word “esteemed” in Paragraph 4 mean?ARespected.BSuspected.CInfluenced.DPromoted.7What do you think of Sacagawea's role in the expedition?AActive.BIrreplaceable.
18、CTricky.DUnreliable.8What is the passage mainly about?AA special honor.BA great expedition.CAn outstanding girl.DAn unknown territory. (二)A fellow speaker from California named Geri flew to Japan, in her favorite jeans and a casual jacket, to give her first speech. Fourteen hours later, four perfect
19、ly dressed Japanese gentlemen greeted her at Narita Airport. Smiling and bowing low, they handed her their business cards. With her bag in one hand, Geri took their cards with the other. She thanked them, glanced briefly at the cards, and put them into her jeans pocket quickly.When the five of them
20、arrived at the hotel, they invited Geri to tea in the lobby (大厅). While sipping tea, the gentlemen presented her with a small gift which she eagerly opened. She was thrilled with the gift and shouted excitedly, “Oh, its beautiful!”At this point, the four Japanese gentlemen stood up and, bowing only
21、very slightly, said “Sayonara” and left immediately. Poor Geri was left astonished. What did she do wrong?Everything! Her jeans were the first gaffe. Even if youre coming off a bicycle in Japan, you do not meet c1ients (客人) casually dressed. The second mistake was Geris handling of their business ca
22、rds rudely. In Japan, the business card is one of the most important communicative tools. It is always presented and accepted respectfully with both hands. However, Geri put their cards away much too quickly. In Japan, people use business cards as a conversation starter. You chat about each others c
23、ards and work and do not put theirs away until they gently and respectfully place yours in safekeeping. Putting it carelessly into her jeans pocket was the ultimate disrespect.Then, the fourth horror of horrors was that Geri should not have opened the gift in front of her clients. In a land where sa
24、ving face is critical, it would be embarrassing to discover the gift they gave was not as nice as the one they received. What is worse, Geri hadnt even given them a gift!9In the four Japanese gentlemens eyes, Geri took their cards _.AexcitedlyBembarrassinglyCpolitelyDdisrespectfully10Why did the fou
25、r Japanese gentlemen leave Geri suddenly?ABecause they couldnt bear Geris behavior any longer.BBecause they had finished the task.CBecause Geri had something more important to do.DBecause Geri felt embarrassed.11What does the underlined word “gaffe” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AIgnorance.BSadness.C
26、Mistake.DCarelessness.12What lesson can we draw from this story?AHonesty is the best policy.BThink twice before you take any action.CWhen in Rome, do as the Romans do.DDon't claim to know what you don't know.（三）For most people, graduation is an exciting day the celebration of years of hard w
27、ork. My graduation day. was not.I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had flown in from across the country to watch our class walk across that stage. But like everyone else in my graduating class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse. What I thought would take a week
28、dragged into two and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as 1 was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loans was creeping ever closer.You know that feeling when you wake up and you are just consumed with fear? Fear about something you
29、can't controlthat sense of approaching failure that remains over you as you hope that everything that happened to you thus far was just a bad dream? That feeling became a constant in my life. And the most frustrating part was no matter how much 1 tried, 1 just couldn't seem to make any progr
30、ess.So what did I do to maintain my sanity(理智)?I wrote. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearera little brighter. Something about writing gave me hope. And if you want something badly enough. Sometimes a little hope is all you need! So I channeled my frustration
31、 into a children's book. And then one day, without any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world just a lot of hard work and perseveranceI was offered a publishing contract for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. 1 was offered a second book deal. Then
32、, a few months later, I got an interview with The Walt Disney Company and was hired shortly after.The moral of this story is. don't give up. Even if things look bleak now, don't give up. Things change if you work hard, give it time, and don't give up, things will always get better Oftent
33、imes all we need is the courage to push beyond the river.13From Paragraph 2, we can learn that the author probably .Awas having an exciting graduationBwas getting into financial difficultiesCmissed the life in the universityDhad just applied for the student loans14How did the author change the frust
34、rating situation?ABy sending applications.BBy offering contracts.CBy keeping writing.DBy publishing books.15Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bleak” in the last paragraph?AUnattractive.BHopeless.CThrilling.DPromising.16What is the passage mainly about?ASuccess belongs to the pe
35、rsevering.BA contented mind is a perpetual（长久的）feast.CA smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner.DMisfortunes tell us what fortune is.(四)I grew up with a four-year gap(差距)between myself and my younger brother. It was an enough distance in age to keep us close as we got older, but also enough of an
36、age gap to make sure we lived our own lives in completely different ways. Having a younger brother while I was a girl was a lot of work for there was a lot of fighting.However, as we've got older, we've become closer, and I've learned several things in life from my younger brother that I
37、 didn't realize I needed before.My younger brother is one of the most talented and creative souls I've known. He's constantly feeding his creativity with new art forms, new instruments. He always seeks to understand and learn more about the world around him. He's helped remind me thr
38、ough his actions and words that giving up on creativity is something a person should never do.My younger brother has always been a more introverted type, and if you speak to him, you're lucky to get over three words out of him at a time. Because of this, he's certainly learned the whole “act
39、ions speak louder than words” thing. But, I've realized from my brother that I needn't speak to fill the silence. Sometimes, it's necessary to spend some of your time in silence and reflect in it. My younger brother has also been through hard times, but he's able to focus on learning
40、 from the hard times, unlike me, who tends to hold on to every little thing from my life. It's always been difficult for me to let things go and move on, but my younger brother has been an inspiration for me to try harder at letting go.17What does the author think of growing up as the older sist
41、er?AIt is a great advantage.BIt tends to be enjoyable.CIt is troubling but inspiring.DIt isn't always fun and easy.18What does the author's younger brother's actions suggest to her?AShe should focus on the past and the presentBShe should never stop feeding her creativity.CShe should move
42、 on with the past kept in mind.DShe should explain every little detail of something.19What might the introverted people be like according to paragraph 4?AThey are quiet.BThey are quick.CThey are noisy.DThey are friendly.20What is the best title for the text?AThe Good Relationships between My Brother
43、 and MeBThe Inspirations My Younger Brother was GivenCLessons My Little Brother Helped Me LearnDThe Great Qualities of My Little Brother(五)Last year, my oldest son Matthew went off to college. Things at home were not as “busy” as they used to be. We still had our 15-year-old son Gabriel with us, but
44、 we missed having Matthew around.My wife soon had a crazy idea. “Lets get a dog.” she suggested. I wasnt exactly thrilled with the idea, but I agreed. I mean, what better way to replace a kid that has gone off to college than to get a dog.When we got to the animal shelter, it seemed like every dog w
45、as a pit bull (比特犬). Id had many bad experiences with pit bulls as a child, so I didnt want to take one of them home with me.While I walked along the rows and rows of cold metal cages, a dog caught my eye. He was scared, and looked like hed given up on life. There was only one problem: he was a pit
46、bull.As he looked at me with his big, beautiful eyes, I could see into his soul. I could see how scared he was and that he just wanted a happy life. I couldnt just walk away I had to at least go over and look at him. I approached his cage, and he just sat there, looking at me. I stuck my finger thro
47、ugh the hole in the cage and petted him on the head. I expected him to get mad, but he didnt.I knew that this dog had never felt love before, and that he was enjoying every bit of the love I could give him in that moment. Tears began to stream down my face because I felt everything that this poor cr
48、eature was feeling right then. He just wanted to be loved; he just wanted a home and a family.Its been a year since we took the dog home, and our lives have been changed forever.Now, his favorite thing to do is give us kisses with his giant tongue every morning. He is always there to greet us when we come home with a huge smile. Hes shown us more love than any other living creature on Earth ever had before. And every time I look into his eyes I see love, compassion and gratitude things I never thought that a pit bull was capable of feeli