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1、优选例题【例题】（2020·全国II卷）Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children
2、who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of
3、53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their a
4、bility to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more freq
5、uently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skill. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.The findings were published in
6、 the journal Developmental Science.1. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A. Building confidence.B. Developing spatial skills.C. Learning self-control.D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.2. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experimental?A. Parents age.B. Children
7、s imagination.C. Parents education.D. Child-parent relationship.3. How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?A. They play with puzzles more often.B. They tend to talk less during the game.C. They prefer to use more spatial language.D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.4. What is the te
8、xt mainly about?A. A mathematical method.B. A scientific study.C. A woman psychologistD. A teaching program【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现益智游戏是认知的一个重要预测因素。1.细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第三段“.found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed
9、at 54 months of age.”，故选B。2.细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第二段“Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for differences in parents income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.”（莱文说，在控制了父母收入、教育程度和家长对话量的差异后，益智游戏被发现是认知能力的一个显著预测因素。），故选C。3.细节理解题。根据题干信息，定位到最后一段“H
10、owever, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls.”，故选D。4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现，益智游戏是认知的一个重要预测因素。故选B。模拟优练（一）Sacagawea was not afraid. Although she was only 16 years old and the only female in an exploration group of more than 45 people, she was ready to courageously make her
11、mark in American history.In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson bought more than 825,000 square miles of land from France. To explore this new part of the country, Jefferson sent Lewis and William Clark on a two-year journey to report on what they found. They needed local guides to help them through th
12、is unknown territory.Born to a Shoshone chief around 1788, Sacagawea had been kidnapped (绑架) by an enemy tribe when she was about 12, then sold to a French-Canadian trapper. When the trapper was hired as a guide for Lewis and Clark's expedition in 1804, Sacagawea also joined as an interpreter to
13、 talk to Native-American people on their 8, 000-mile journey.Sacagawea soon became a respected member of the group. She was skilled at finding plants for food and medicine to help keep the explorers alive. When a boat capsized (翻) on the Missouri River as they were crossing into what is now Montana,
14、 Sacagawea saved important books and much-needed supplies. When they needed horses to cross rough area, she convinced a Shoshone tribeled by her long-lost brotherto give them some. She was so esteemed by Lewis and Clark that when they reached the Pacific Ocean in November 1805, Sacagawea was asked t
15、o cast her vote for where they should build a fort (营地).Sacagawea proved herself again after the group took a different route home through what is now Idaho. As they passed through her homeland, Sacagawea remembered Shoshone trails from her childhood and helped the expedition find their way through.
16、 Clark even praised her as his “pilot”.She received no pay for her services and died on December 20, 1812. But Sacagawea's bravery and skill live on in the expedition's journals, which are full of praise for the 16-year-old Shoshone girl who guided the most famous American expedition of all
17、time.5Why did the explorers hire Sacagawea?ATo do trade.BTo fight the enemy.CTo be safer.DTo help communicate.6What does the underlined word “esteemed” in Paragraph 4 mean?ARespected.BSuspected.CInfluenced.DPromoted.7What do you think of Sacagawea's role in the expedition?AActive.BIrreplaceable.
18、CTricky.DUnreliable.8What is the passage mainly about?AA special honor.BA great expedition.CAn outstanding girl.DAn unknown territory.【答案】5-8 DABC【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探险队成功探险的故事。5细节理解题。根据第三段Sacagawea also joined as an interpreter to talk to Native-American people on their 8, 000-mile journey
19、.可知，探险家雇佣Sacagawea目的是帮助他们和当地印第安人交流。故选D。6词义猜测题。根据划线单词后半句when they reached the Pacific Ocean in November 1805, Sacagawea was asked to cast her vote for where they should build a fort.当他们在1805年11月到达太平洋时，Sacagawea被要求投票决定他们应该在哪里建造营地。可推知，Sacagawea受到Lewis 和Clark 的尊敬，他们才会要求Sacagawea决定在哪里露营；由此可知，划线单词“es
20、teemed”的意思是repected “尊敬”之意，故选A。7推理判断题。根据倒数第二段描述Sacagawea proved herself again after the group took a different route home through what is now Idaho. and helped the expedition find their way through. Clark even praised her as his “pilot”. Sacagawea再次证明了自己的能力，她的团队选择了一条不同的路线，穿过现在的爱达荷州回家。当他们经过她的家乡时，Saca
21、gawea想起了她童年时在Shoshone部落留下的足迹，并帮助探险队找到了道路。Clark甚至称赞她是他的“领航员”。可知，Sacagawea在探险活动的地位是无可替代的。故选B。8主旨大意题。本文讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探险队成功探险的故事，由此可知，An outstanding girl. 一个杰出的女孩。切题。故选C。 (二)A fellow speaker from California named Geri flew to Japan, in her favorite jeans and a casual jacket, to give her first speech. F
22、ourteen hours later, four perfectly dressed Japanese gentlemen greeted her at Narita Airport. Smiling and bowing low, they handed her their business cards. With her bag in one hand, Geri took their cards with the other. She thanked them, glanced briefly at the cards, and put them into her jeans pock
23、et quickly.When the five of them arrived at the hotel, they invited Geri to tea in the lobby (大厅). While sipping tea, the gentlemen presented her with a small gift which she eagerly opened. She was thrilled with the gift and shouted excitedly, “Oh, its beautiful!”At this point, the four Japanese gen
24、tlemen stood up and, bowing only very slightly, said “Sayonara” and left immediately. Poor Geri was left astonished. What did she do wrong?Everything! Her jeans were the first gaffe. Even if youre coming off a bicycle in Japan, you do not meet c1ients (客人) casually dressed. The second mistake was Ge
25、ris handling of their business cards rudely. In Japan, the business card is one of the most important communicative tools. It is always presented and accepted respectfully with both hands. However, Geri put their cards away much too quickly. In Japan, people use business cards as a conversation star
26、ter. You chat about each others cards and work and do not put theirs away until they gently and respectfully place yours in safekeeping. Putting it carelessly into her jeans pocket was the ultimate disrespect.Then, the fourth horror of horrors was that Geri should not have opened the gift in front o
27、f her clients. In a land where saving face is critical, it would be embarrassing to discover the gift they gave was not as nice as the one they received. What is worse, Geri hadnt even given them a gift!9In the four Japanese gentlemens eyes, Geri took their cards _.AexcitedlyBembarrassinglyCpolitely
28、Ddisrespectfully10Why did the four Japanese gentlemen leave Geri suddenly?ABecause they couldnt bear Geris behavior any longer.BBecause they had finished the task.CBecause Geri had something more important to do.DBecause Geri felt embarrassed.11What does the underlined word “gaffe” in Paragraph 3 pr
29、obably mean?AIgnorance.BSadness.CMistake.DCarelessness.12What lesson can we draw from this story?AHonesty is the best policy.BThink twice before you take any action.CWhen in Rome, do as the Romans do.DDon't claim to know what you don't know.【答案】9D10A11C12C【解析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个叫格瑞的美国人来到日本，因为不了解
30、日本的礼仪文化而做的一些不合时宜的事。9推理判断题。根据第四段的“The second mistake was Geri's handling of their business cards rudely.”可知，第二个错误是格瑞粗鲁地处理他们的名片，由此可推断，在四位日本绅士的眼里，格瑞十分不恭敬地接过了他们的名片。故选D。10推理判断题。根据最后一段“Then, the fourth horror of horrors was that Geri should not have opened the gift in front of her clients. In a land w
31、here saving face is critical, it would be embarrassing to discover the gift they gave was not as nice as the one they received. What is worse, Geri hadnt even given them a gift!”可知，然后，第四个可怕的事情是，格瑞不应该在她的客户面前打开礼物。在一个面子至关重要的国家，如果发现他们送的礼物没有收到的那么好，那就很尴尬了。更糟糕的是，格瑞甚至没有给他们礼物！由此判断出，这些男士认为格瑞的做法极为不礼貌，已经无法忍受，所以
32、离开了，故选A。11词义猜测题。根据第三段最后的“What did she do wrong？”（她哪里做的不对）以及第四段“ The second mistake”（第二个错误）可知，划线词的意思是“错误”，指的是她的牛仔裤是第一个错误。故选C。12推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个叫格瑞的美国人来到日本，因为不了解日本的礼仪文化而做的一些不合时宜的事。由此判断出，我们从故事中学到要入乡随俗。故选C。（三）For most people, graduation is an exciting day the celebration of years of hard work. My
33、graduation day. was not.I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had flown in from across the country to watch our class walk across that stage. But like everyone else in my graduating class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse. What I thought would take a week dragged
34、into two and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as 1 was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loans was creeping ever closer.You know that feeling when you wake up and you are just consumed with fear? Fear about something you can'
35、t controlthat sense of approaching failure that remains over you as you hope that everything that happened to you thus far was just a bad dream? That feeling became a constant in my life. And the most frustrating part was no matter how much 1 tried, 1 just couldn't seem to make any progress.So w
36、hat did I do to maintain my sanity(理智)?I wrote. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearera little brighter. Something about writing gave me hope. And if you want something badly enough. Sometimes a little hope is all you need! So I channeled my frustration into a
37、children's book. And then one day, without any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world just a lot of hard work and perseveranceI was offered a publishing contract for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. 1 was offered a second book deal. Then, a few
38、months later, I got an interview with The Walt Disney Company and was hired shortly after.The moral of this story is. don't give up. Even if things look bleak now, don't give up. Things change if you work hard, give it time, and don't give up, things will always get better Oftentimes all
39、 we need is the courage to push beyond the river.13From Paragraph 2, we can learn that the author probably .Awas having an exciting graduationBwas getting into financial difficultiesCmissed the life in the universityDhad just applied for the student loans14How did the author change the frustrating s
40、ituation?ABy sending applications.BBy offering contracts.CBy keeping writing.DBy publishing books.15Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bleak” in the last paragraph?AUnattractive.BHopeless.CThrilling.DPromising.16What is the passage mainly about?ASuccess belongs to the perseverin
41、g.BA contented mind is a perpetual（长久的）feast.CA smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner.DMisfortunes tell us what fortune is.【答案】13.B14.C15.B16.A【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要介绍了作者在毕业后经历了失败和恐惧，然后依靠坚持写作走出困境的励志文章。13推理判断题。根据文章第二段第四、五句“What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job ap
42、plications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loans was creeping ever closer.”可知，作者在毕业后难以找到工作，而学生贷款还款期限日益逼近，作者无力偿还，由此可知作者陷入经济困难。故选B项。14细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一、二句“So what did I do to maintain my sanity(理智)?I wrote.”以及第六句“So I channel
43、ed my frustration into a children's book.”可知，作者通过坚持写作来改变自己的令人沮丧的处境。故选C项。15猜测词义题。根据文章最后一段第一、二句“The moral of this story isdon't give up. Even if things look bleak now, don't give up.”可知，能够导致你对一件事情的放弃，这件事可能是无望的或者是糟糕的，所以能够替换bleak的词是hopeless。故选B项。16主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“The moral of this story is. d
44、on't give up. Even if things look bleak now, don't give up. Things change If you work hard, give it time, and don't give up, things will always get better Oftentimes all we need is the courage to push beyond the river.”可知，本文主要谈论的是成功属于坚忍不拔的人。故选A项。(四)I grew up with a four-year gap(差距)betwe
45、en myself and my younger brother. It was an enough distance in age to keep us close as we got older, but also enough of an age gap to make sure we lived our own lives in completely different ways. Having a younger brother while I was a girl was a lot of work for there was a lot of fighting.However,
46、as we've got older, we've become closer, and I've learned several things in life from my younger brother that I didn't realize I needed before.My younger brother is one of the most talented and creative souls I've known. He's constantly feeding his creativity with new art for
47、ms, new instruments. He always seeks to understand and learn more about the world around him. He's helped remind me through his actions and words that giving up on creativity is something a person should never do.My younger brother has always been a more introverted type, and if you speak to him
48、, you're lucky to get over three words out of him at a time. Because of this, he's certainly learned the whole “actions speak louder than words” thing. But, I've realized from my brother that I needn't speak to fill the silence. Sometimes, it's necessary to spend some of your time in silence and reflect in it. My younger brother has also been through hard times, but he's able to focus on learning from the hard times, unlike me, who tends to hold on to every little thing from my life. It's always been difficult for me to let things go and move on, but my y