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1、考点26 倒装句和强调句高考频度：倒装句考向一 全部倒装把谓语全部提到主语前面，叫全部倒装。主要有：1.there be 句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外，还可用 live，happen，exist，remain，stand等等作这类句型的谓语。如：There are many students in the classroom.教室里有许多学生。Long, long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.很久很久以前，有一位国王，他非常喜欢马。There happened to be nobody in the bedroo
2、m when the fire broke out.起火的时候，碰巧房间里面没有人。John opened the door. There _ he had never seen before. A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl【答案】D【解析】考查倒装。表示存在关系的句子，将表地点的副词或介词短语提至句首时，若主语为名词，应采用完全倒装语序。此题中将表地点的副词.there提到了句首，而且主语为名词a girl，所以要采用完全倒装语序，所以选D项。2.Here/There/Nowvi
3、.（常为come, go）主语（必须是名词）此句型中here/there用来唤起注意意思是喂，注意了。如：Here comes Mary. I can see Mary coming.玛丽来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。I can hear the bell ringing.Here comes the bus.汽车来了。There he comes.他来了。这种句型不能用现在进行时。here句中也可用系动词。如：Here are some story books I want. Here is what you asked for，or you are looking
4、 for.这就是我要的故事书。（我找了好久）Here we are. This is the station.咱们到了，这就是火车站。Give me some paper. Here you are.给我点纸。 给你。3.then引起谓语为 come，follow的句子。如：Then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.接着是八年抗战。4.out，in，up, down，away之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及
5、物动词come， go，run ,rush，etc。句式为：副词vi.主语（必须是名词）。如：Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.老虎从灌木丛里冲了出来。In came the rose fragrance through the windows.玫瑰花香透过窗户飘了进来。5.介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：介词短语vi.主语（必须是名词）。如：In the middle of our school stands a high building.在学校中央有一座高楼。At the
6、meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies ChongqingB. Chongqing liesC. does lie ChongqingD. does Chongqing lie【答案】A【解析】考查倒装。表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选A项。6.表语放在句首，表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：表语系动词主语（必须是名词）。Gone are the da
7、ys when the teachers were looked down upon.老师地位低下的年代一去不复返了。On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.街道两旁有美丽的花。South of city are two big lakes.城市的两边有两个大湖。7.直接引语中间或后面，表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）。They must be in the fields now, thought Xiao Lin.他们准是下地了。小林想道。Help! Help! cried the little girl.小姑娘
8、叫道：救命！救命！如果主语不比谓语长，或是它后面有宾语，主语就仍然多放在前面。Take your seats，gentlemen, Wilson shouted.威尔逊嚷道：先生们坐好。考向二 部分倒装只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面，叫部分倒装。主要有：1.only副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句开头的句子。如：Only then did I realize the importance of English.直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性。Only in this way can you make progress in your English.只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步。
9、注意：）在only状语从句主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。）only修饰主语，不倒装。Only after talking to two students _ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.A. I did discoverB. did I discoverC. I discoveredD. discovered【答案】B【解析】此处Only作副词放句首修饰时间状语after talking to two students，主句要进行部分倒装。部分倒装是指将
10、谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。句意：在和两个学生交谈之后我才意识到，拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素。故选B。特别提示：副词only置于句首， 强调方式状语、 条件状语、 地点状语、 时间状语等状语时， 主句要进行部分倒装。 但若位于句首的不是only+状语，而是only+宾语等，通常则无需倒装。Only after being asked three times did he come to
11、 the meeting.在被邀请了三次之后，他才出席会议。Only in this way can you master English.只有用这种方式你才能掌握英语。 Only when he returned did we find out the truth.只有当他返回时，我们才能发现真相。2.否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒装。表示否定的副词never，nor，neither,表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的词组by no means（决不），in no time（很快），at no time（在任何时候
12、都不），（在任何情况下都不）not until，not only.but also，no sooner.thanhardly.when/scarcely.即否定词助动词/情态动词主语其他。如：Never have I been in this city.我从没到过这座城市。Little/Seldom do I watch TV.我很少看电视。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。注意：1)关联词的搭配。2)前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。1.（2019
13、83;天津卷·单项填空）The professor warned tie students that on no account _ use mobile phones in his class.A. should theyB. they shouldC. dare theyD. they dare【答案】A【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do，敢于做dare do，根据句意表示”应该“，故选A。2.（2016·江苏卷）Not until r
14、ecently _ the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.A. they had encouragedB. had they encouragedC. did they encourageD. they encouraged【答案】C【解析】考查部分倒装。当not until所引导的时间状语放在句首的时候，主句要使用部分倒装句。排除A、D项；上下文中并没有体现出过去的过去时间，B项为过去完成时，排除B项。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。故选C。3. Ive tried very
15、 hard to improve my English. But by no means_ with my progress.A. the teacher is not satisfied B.is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfied D.is the teacher satisfied【答案】D【解析】by no means意为 “绝不”，放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。因此D项正确。B项多了not一词。3.以so开头，用 so助动词/情态动词/系动词主语表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为也，同样，也如此。表示
16、前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用neither/nor助动词/情态动词/系动词主语。 Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了，人也变了。注意：1)当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时，应用自然语序。意为 的确，正是。Tom works hard.汤姆工作很卖力。So he does and so do you.的确如此，你也是。2）倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。If you dont go，neither/nor shall I.（If
17、you dont go，I shall not go.）你不去，我也不去。注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。She does well in English，but is poor in maths. So it is with Lucy.她英语学得好，但数学学得差，露茜也是如此。 Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!_， madam. Its our soup o
18、f the day.A. Let me see B. So it isC. Dont mention it D. Neither do I【答案】B【解析】答语意为：是这样的，女士。这就是我们今天的汤。根据答语可知，第二个人同意第一个人说的话，因此用So主语助动词/情态动词/系动词结构，意为的确如此。4.由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为：表语/状语/动词原形as主语其他。如：Clever as he is，he doesnt study well.虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。Child as he is， he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。Much
19、 as I like it，I wont buy it.虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买。Try as she might， she failed.虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略_, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A. Strange as might it soundB.As it might sound strangeC.As strange it might soundD. Strange as it might sound【答案】D【解析】as引导让步状语从句时，从句要用倒
20、装语序, 其结构为：adj. /adv. /n.+as+主语+句子其他部分，因此D项正确。5.在so.that从句中，如果soadj./adv.放在句首，其主句要倒装。So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.他讲话声音足够大，以至于每个人都能听得见。_ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A. So curious the couple wasB. So curious were the cou
21、pleC. How curious the couple wereD. The couple was such curious【答案】B【解析】句意：这对夫妇对于野生植物是那样的好奇；以致于他们决定去马达加斯加进一步研究。主语是couple, 所以谓语用复数形式；该句子用部分倒装， so修饰的形容词或副词提到句首。6.如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should ，were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。If it hadnt been for their help，we couldnt have finished the work on time.Hadnt it be
22、en for their help，we couldnt have finished the work on time.要不是由于他们的帮助，我们不可能按时完成那项工作。If there should be a flood，what would we do?Should there be a flood，what would we do?要是发了洪水，我们该怎么办呢？_ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caugh
23、t D. Had he caught【答案】D【解析】句意：如果他赶上了早班火车，开会就不会迟到了。主句的谓语动词是would not have been，说明此句表述的事情与过去事实相反，从句可以用if he had caught the morning train； 当if从句中有were, had或者should 时，可以省略if，把were, had或者should放在句首构成倒装结构。本句中含有had，就变成了Had he caught the morning train。故选D。7.频度副词及短语often，always，now and then ，many a time ，eve
24、ry other day等放在句首时有时也倒装。Many a time has he come to comfort me.他来安慰了我好多次。Often did he warn them not to do so.他经常告诫他们不要那样去做。8.某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序。May you succeed.祝你成功！Long live the Communist Party of China!中国共产党万岁！方法技巧点拨1. 考前应认真研读高考题目，了解命题人的意图，对高考方向有所把握。2.倒装句在句式上考生不是很习惯，故考生得从多方面入手，熟悉各种倒装句式，以不变应万变。3.要注意倒装句中
25、的主谓一致、时态一致及人称一致等问题。4.加强理解分析能力，切忌机械记忆，注意知识间的交叉，分清句子成分。5.在平时的学习中尽最大努力运用所学知识，达到熟能生巧的目的。强调句强调句知识结构：强调句型注意点例 句It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)；表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语，it本身没有词义。一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，用It isthat (who)；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was that(who
26、)。原句：Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.强调宾语：It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.强调地点状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth
27、Palace. 谓语动词的强调It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词do/does或did。注意：do用于对肯定的祈使句的强调以及对实义动词一般现在时肯定句（除主语是第三人称单数）的强调；does用于对实义动词一般现在时肯定句主语是第三人称单数的强调；did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。Do be careful when you cross the street.过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！They do work hard at maths.他们对数学的学习确实很努力。He does send an email to me every
28、day.他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。He did do his homework yesterday.昨天他确实做了家庭作业。It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)句型的变式It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)句式基本特征：Is/ Was it +被强调部分+ that；或情态动词+it+ be+被强调部分+ thatWas it in 1969 _ the American astronauts succeeded _ landing on the moon ?A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in
29、Could it be in the restaurant in _ you had dinner with me yesterday _ you lost your handbag?A. that; which B. which; that C. where; that D. that; where特殊疑问句形式句式基本特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that？或特殊疑问词+情态动词+it+be+被强调部分+ that_is it _has made Peter _he is today?Determination.A. What; that; that B. That; that;
30、what C. What; what; that D. What; that; what反意疑问句形式句式基本特征：It is/was+被强调部分+that，isnt / wasnt it？It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, _?A. do they B. didnt they C. wasnt it D. was it强调句与其它句型的结合 与名词从句的结合句式特征为：整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。Ive already forgotten _you put th
31、e dictionary.A. that it was there B. where was it that 来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K来源:学&科&网C. that where it was D. where it was that【解析】D。本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现，为了更好地理解，我们分三步对其进行讨论。第一步：复原It was on the desk that I put the dictionary.第二步：对划线部分提问Where was it that you put the dictionary?第三步：变为陈述语序，将其用作forgott
32、en的宾语从句则变为：Ive already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.It was at the very beginning _Mr. Fox made the decision _ we should send more firefighters there.A. when; which B. where; what 来源:Zxxk.Com来源:Zxxk.ComC. then; so D. that; that【解析】D。 第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导同位语从句，说明the decis
33、ion的内容。与定语从句的结合句式特征为：在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句。It was in the small house _was built with stones by his father _he spent his childhood. A. which; that B. that; where C. which; which D. that; which【解析】A。本题含义为是在这间小房子里他度过了童年，the small house作先行词，其后的定语从句缺做主语的关系代词；第二空所缺的应是强调句型中的结构词that，故答案选A。Is
34、 _three hours _the boy _family is poor to come to school on foot?A. it; that; whose B. it; that it takes; whose C. it for; that it takes; whose D. it; when; that;【解析】B。本题结构复杂，是定语从句、强调句型的一般问句形式和句式It takes sb. some time to do sth.的糅合。我们也分几步来看这个句子：第一步：基本句式It takes the boy three hours to come to school
35、on foot.第二步：以the boy为先行词，后面附上定语从句，则变为：It takes the boy whose family is poor three hours to come to school on foot.第三步：用强调句型对上句中的划线部分进行强调，则变为：It is three hours that it takes the boy whose family is poor to come to school on foot.第四步：将上句变为一般疑问句可知答案。强调句型的省略形式句式特征为：在一定的上下文中，强调句型的that(who)及其后面的部分可以省略。作题时
36、要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。Who is making so much noise in the garden?_ the children.A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are【解析】答案为A。强调句型在具体的语境中的省略，其完整形式应是：It is the children who are making so much noise in the garden.。He was nearly drowned once. When was that?_ was in 1998 he was in middle school. A. That;
37、 that B. it; when C. This; that D. It; that【解析】B。强调句的一种省略，完整形式是：It was in 1998 when he was in middle school that he was nearly drowned.强调句型的构成是：It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在 It is (was) 之后，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代替that
38、。1. 被强调的成分举例：原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.强调主语：It was Tom who / that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.强调宾语：It was my pen that Tom found in t
39、he classroom yesterday.强调地点状语：It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.2. 强调句型的一般疑问式：直接把is或was提到it之前即可。如：Was
40、0;it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?3. 强调句型的特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。如：Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yester
41、day?4. that (who) 有时可以省略：这种强调句型中的that或who有时可以省略。如：It was my brother (that / whom) you saw the other day.5. 强调原因状语从句要注意：若从句由as或since引导，强调时则改为because，这是因为，because引导的原因从句表示的意义非常强烈，符合强调句的目的。例如：As she got up late, s
42、he missed the first bus. 变为：It was because she got up late that she missed the bus.6. 强调句的否定转移：有些否定句在变成强调句时，要把否定转移到被强调的词语之前。尤其是not. until.;句式的强调要特别注意。例如：He didnt realize his mistake until th
43、e teacher had told him. 变为：It wasnt until the teacher had told him that he realized his mistake.【注意】 在强调句式中，虽然not被提前，但not. until.句型不要倒装。高考中强调句型考查热点考向一 强调句型的基本结构强调句型It is / was + 被强调的成份 + tha
44、t + 其他成份；用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成份。that只起连接作用，不作成份，但不能省略。有时强调的部分比较特殊，如主语从句、状语从句、名词、不定式短语、V-ing的复合结构等。如：It was in the library that I saw her yesterday. 我昨天正是在图书馆见到她的。1.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _we saw Lil
45、y in the passenger seat.A. which B. thatC. when D. where【答案】B【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。2.(2016·天津卷·单项填空)You are waiting at a wrong place
46、. It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists. A. who B. which C. where D. that【答案】D【解析】句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。本题考查强调句，强调句型结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。3. It was the culture, rather than the language, _made it hard for him to adapt to the new en
47、vironment abroadA. where B. why C. that D. what【答案】C【解析】这个句子中含有it was，首先要考虑所给题目是不是一个强调句。把It was和横线去掉，发现句意仍然完整清楚，所以说这里就是一个强调句。强调句的基本结构是it is / was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子的其他成分，所以用that，所以选C。句意：是文化，而不是语言，使得他很难适应国外的新的环境。考向二 特殊句式中的强调句型1. 如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示到底、究竟等语气时，就用如下结构：特殊疑问词 + is / was
48、0;+ it + that + 该句的其余部分。如：How is it that you usually go to work? 你通常是怎样去上班的?2. 在强调not. until结构中由until所引导的短语(或从句)作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It + is / was + not until. + that + 该句的其余部分，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。如：His father didnt come back from work until 12oclock. = It was not until 12 oclock that his father came home form work. 直到12点他的爸爸才下班回家。1. Bach died in 1750, but it was not