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1、解密17 七选五考点详解【考纲解读】该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了新课标用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。 从考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括
2、句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。近四年新课标全国卷高考七选五实况分析：年份卷别体裁题材话题2018全国卷I说明文室内设计室内设计中颜色的选择全国卷II说明文晨练早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处全国卷III说明文舞蹈跳舞的好处2017全国卷I记叙文个人生活作者露营的经历全国卷II说明文社会工作为避免工作被
3、打断提出的建议全国卷III说明文个人健康如何制定计划去调节生物钟2016全国卷I说明文文化科技密码的设置方法和破解的方法全国卷II说明文社会生活自己建设花园的具体建议全国卷III说明文社会生活乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来2020全国卷I说明文人际关系自我接纳的小技巧全国卷II说明文社会生活表情符号及在工作交流中的优势【题型分析】 分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想
4、，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的积句而成章，积章而成篇。就是这个道理。 分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判
5、断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。【解题步骤】步骤1在高考的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，我们可以尝试以下四步走。1. 先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题，然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句寻找并画出关键词。【巧学妙记】（一名(名词)袋（代词）鼠（数次）很特殊（特殊疑问词），连（连词）蹦（动词）带跳很彪（标点/标题）悍。）2. 要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。可按这几个原则判断原文的空
6、与选项是否匹配。3. 一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。4. 将选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。答题技巧细节类题型解题技巧(词汇的衔接或逻辑的衔接)1.词汇的衔接包括：（1)词汇复现复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。（2)同范畴词出现同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近
7、，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。(3)代词线索英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these 或those指代前句的复数名词。2.逻辑关系的衔接 过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：A, 并列关系：First(ly),Second(ly),.；First, then/next,.；In the first place， in the second
8、 place.;for one thing,for another thing ,.；then /next ,finally/last 等。B, 递进关系：too ,also, besides, further ,furthermore ,moreover ,whats more , in addition ,as well , to make matters worse ,not .but. ,not only .but also等。C, 解释例证关系：for example ,for instance ,in fact/as a matter of fact ,actually ,in o
9、ther words /that is to say 等D, 因果关系： so /therefore ,thus ,consequently(结果） ,as a result (of), so/ such .that .,so that .等E, 转折对比关系：but, however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless（然而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等F, 概况归纳关系：in short ,
10、 in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。3.篇章结构类题解题技巧根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略 1)如果问题在段首 通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。 （2)如果问题在段尾 通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result,
11、thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。备考策略： 注重实效。阅读时不仅要注意文章的细节，更应该注意文章的布局。 注意命题陷阱。切忌当同样的词，同样的名字或同样的日期都在语文或节选段落中出现，就认为它们是正确的选项，一定要符合逻辑，确保文章内容严谨。 注重速度。进行限时训练，培养实战观念，不可拖沓。 将近几年高考题进行分析，重点分析结构清晰分明的说明文和议论文。步骤2（1）在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾句，因为开门见山与末尾点题的写作方式是最为常见的
12、，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为结尾总结式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。（2）做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先
13、跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。（3）做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。（4）切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的
14、之前选定的答案。做这类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。解题策略（1）从意思上判断 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，正确理解了这些句子后，根据意思的连贯性、逻辑性或者线索词从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。（2）从词汇上锁定线索 做保持对一些线索词的敏感是非常重要的，要好好关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。（3）从关联词作为
15、切入点 通常，英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接，让文章的思路与更清楚、逻辑更连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立;而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。以下四类为常用的关联词，请大家一定要背熟：（i）并列与递进：and, or, also，neithernor,eithero
16、r,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more（ii）因果：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, sothat, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because o
17、f, in that, for this reason, of course（iii）转折让步：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course,although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of &
18、#160; （ii）时间顺序：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。5. 试题的位置不同，解题策略也不同（1）若问题在段首 （i）通常是段落主题句。认真阅读该段落，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关词或者同义词，从而推测出主题句
19、，找到答案。 （ii）与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找 相关特征词。一般来说正确答案与它后面的一句话的在意思上是衔接的，所以通常情况下，这两句话中会 有某种的衔接手段。 （iii）段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。（2）若问题在段尾 （i）空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。 （ii）通常是结论、概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词，如therefore, as a result, hence,thus, t
20、o sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 （iii）与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所 讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。 （vi）与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此 根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系 的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一 句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找
21、到关键的线索词句。（i）所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头 是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。（iv）如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主 题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。（3）若问题是一整个自然段 （i）承上启下是这个段落的主要任务，且自成一体，所以会有一个该段落主旨。考生可以从选项中较长的选项开始阅读，以此类推直至找到正确答案。 （ii）着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重
22、要线索通常会在后一段开头， 因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。 （iii）分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。简单来说，最主要的两个步骤就是1.理清文章的逻辑和结构，2.在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。检测训练题组一 真题在线1. 【2020·全国卷I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A Few Tips for Self-Accepta
23、nceWe all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36 Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you
24、will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 38 You will make mistakes, time and time again. R
25、ather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? That didnt go as planned. But, I tried my best.Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List al
26、l of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39Now that youve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you dont feel good enough. Now, read these words bac
27、k to yourself. 40 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?AFeeling upset again?BWhere do you start?CNothing is too small to celebrate.DRemember, you are only human. E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.F.Stop comparing yourself with others
28、.G.When does the comparison game start?2. 【2020·全国卷II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace CommunicationIn Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 36. Its been reported that 76 percent of employe
29、es in some western countries are using emojis at work.Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 37, encouraging better and more frequent communication.In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,
30、 and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 38. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that its simple to learn and can be worth the e
31、ffort.There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 39. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.40, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And wh
32、en your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, youll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.AMessage with emojis feel more conversationalBEven a formal email can seem cold and unfriendlyCSending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strangeDThe populari
33、ty of these platforms is spreading globallyE.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestlyF.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplaceG.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform3. 【2020·全国卷III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白
34、处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36 And it
35、 is good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.37 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isnt a r
36、egistry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isnt a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the p
37、arty will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would
38、 actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 40 Now most homes have central heating and dont use fires to keep warm.AThis isnt usual though.BIt is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.CYou can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.DIf youre lucky enough to rece
39、ive gifts, keep them in a safe place.E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.4.【2020·山东卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为
40、多余选项。Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.16Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public”at t
41、he expense of the”speaking. “ 17 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. Peoples attention wanders constantly. In fac
42、t,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speakers message. So, dont stop speaking when you make a mistake unless its a truly serious one.18Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.19And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice t
43、heir skills on a consistent basis.20Its rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably cant count the times that youve thought, “Im glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a
44、 bit shorter than anticipated. Its better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.ADo the opposite.BYou want to be an effective public speaker.CYou don t need to apologize for a minor slip.DWhen it comes to public speaki
45、ng, less is usually more.E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audienceF.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listenersG.However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.5.【2020·浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。I experi
46、enced years of loneliness as a child. 31 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word beg
47、an early as my mother read to me every evening. 32 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical childrens books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worl
48、ds to me. 33 My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 34 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something