《解密14 阅读理解之推理判断题（学生版）——【高频考点解密】2021年山东新高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《解密14 阅读理解之推理判断题（学生版）——【高频考点解密】2021年山东新高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练.doc（34页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、解密14 阅读理解之推理判断题考点详解推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有：1. It
2、can be inferred from the text that2. We can conclude that3. When the writer talks about., what he really means is that4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理判断题所占的比例大概在7-10，一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。下面就这五大类型的题目进行剖析：题型一 细节推断题：常见的设问方式：It can be
3、inferred from the passage/text that_.The author mainly suggests that _.It can be concluded from the passage that_.The writer implies but not directly states _.What does the author imply about newspapers?细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点
4、。干扰项特点：1. 文章中直接用于表达细节的信息2. 文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论3. 与文章内容完全相反的结论4. 不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。 解题技巧1. 要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。2. 要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。3. 注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。（2020·全国新课标卷II. D） I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic re
5、ader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream j
6、ob and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up
7、and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the w
8、onderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, Ive found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they cant af
9、ford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage reade
10、rs to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.32. Which word best describes the authors relationship with books as a child?A. Cooperative.B. Uneasy.C. Inseparable.D. Casual.【答案】32. C【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图
11、书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。32. 推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out
12、 from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。题型二 预测推断题：常见的设问方式：What do you think will happen when/if?At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write _.The paragraph following the passage will most probably be about_.Wh
13、ich of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph?有些内容文章中没有明确说明，这就要求考生根据语篇内容，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测、推断。作这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较准确的、合情合理的猜测。 解题技巧做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。In 1971 we were living in Wichita, Kansas
14、 Lincoln was about seven, Brendan was three and Kristen was a baby. Mom was staying with us during the holidays. On Christmas Eve I stayed up very late. I was totally alone with my thoughts, alternating between joy and sorrow, and I got to think about my paper route(送报), that tree, what my mother ha
15、d said to me and how dad had tried to make things better.I heard a noise in the kitchen and discovered that it was Mom. She couldnt sleep either and had gotten up to make herself a cup of hot tea which made her feel better. As she waited for the water to boil, she walked into the living room and dis
16、covered me there. She saw my open Bible and asked me what I was reading. When I told her, she asked if I would read it to her and I did.When the kettle began to whistle, she went and made her tea. She came back. I told her how happy I was that she was with us for Christmas and how I wished that Dad
17、could have lived to see his grandchildren and to enjoy this time because he always loved Christmas so much. She went very quiet for a moment and then she said,"Do you remember that time on Twelve Mile Road when you bought that tree with your paper route money?""Yes,"I said,"
18、Ive just been thinking about it you know."She hesitated for a long moment, as though something was bottled up so deeply inside her soul that it might take courage to get it out. Finally, great tears rolled down her face and she cried,"Oh, son, please forgive me. That time and that Christma
19、s have been a burden on my heart for twenty-five years. I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said."1. How many children did the author have?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.2. What do we learn about the authors father?A. He lived with the author.B. He loved his
20、grandsons.C. He loved his wife deeply.D. He had passed away.3. Why couldnt the authors mother fall asleep?A. Because she needed to care for the children.B. Because she remembered the previous thing.C. Because she wanted the author to read for her.D. Because she was unwilling to live with the author.
21、4. What is likely to be described in the next paragraph?A. How they would celebrate the Christmas.B. How the authors father supported the family.C. What happened to the authors parents in the past.D. The reason for the authors parents divorce.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。我和三个孩子以及我的母亲居住在一起。圣诞前夜,我熬夜未睡,意外发现母亲也未入睡,当我
22、们回忆往事时,她失声痛哭。1. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的"Lincoln was about seven, Brendan was three and Kristen was a baby"可知,作者有三个孩子,故C项正确。2. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的"and how I wished that Dad could have lived to see his grandchildren"可推知,作者的父亲已经去世,故D项正确。3. B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Finally, great tears
23、rolled down her face and she cried, .That time and that Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twenty-five years. I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said."可知,母亲想起了以前圣诞节的事,对自己所做的事感到难过,因此无法入眠,故B项正确。本题也可用排除法解题。A项和D项在文中未提及,C项是文中的内容,但并不是作者母亲无法入睡的原因。4. C【解析】
24、推理判断题。根据最后一段母亲所说的话" That time and that Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twenty-five years. I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said"可推知,母亲想起了以前圣诞节的事,对自己所做的事感到难过;据此可以判断,下文将叙述发生在作者父母身上的故事,故C项正确。题型三 文章来源或读者对象题：常见的设问方式：This passage would most lik
25、ely be found in _.The passage is probably taken out of _.Where is the passage most likely from?文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备一定的常识。因此考生本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出答案。（2020全国新高考C） In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seve
26、n months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the
27、 Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator,
28、a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the a
29、rchitectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles fro
30、m the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel n
31、or a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?A. His friends' invitation.B. His interest in the country.C. His love for teaching.D. His desire to r
32、egain health.9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road
33、 trip in Uzbekistan?A. Romantic.B. Eventful.C. Pleasant.D. Dangerous.11. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce a book.B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.C. To remember a writer.D. To recommend a travel destination.【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵这本书。这本书是B
34、issell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。8. 细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted to the country. he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。9. 词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，tha
35、t用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。10. 推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekis
36、tan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange dri
37、nking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅
38、途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。11. 推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。题型四 写作意图推断题：常见的设问方式：What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?The purpose of the text is to get more people to _.The writer of the stor
39、y wants to tell us that_.The factis mentioned by the author to show_.The author writers the last paragraph in order to _.写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者
40、的写作意图。（2020·全国卷·C） Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilo
41、meter race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive a
42、ctivity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡
43、路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit
44、the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
45、But the sports strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper techniq
46、ue, she says. It takes some practice.28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A. They must run long distances.B. They are qualified for the marathon.C. They have to follow special rules.D. They are good at swinging their legs.29. What advantage does race walking have over running?A. Its more po
47、pular at the Olympics.B. Its less challenging physically.C. Its more effective in body building.D. Its less likely to cause knee injuries.30. What is Dr. Norbergs suggestion for someone trying race walking?A. Getting experts opinions.B. Having a medical checkup.C. Hiring an experienced coach.D. Doin
48、g regular exercises.31. Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tolerant.D. Conservative.【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。28. 细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的