《解密13 阅读理解之细节理解题（学生版）-【高频考点解密】2021年山东新高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《解密13 阅读理解之细节理解题（学生版）-【高频考点解密】2021年山东新高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练.doc（27页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、解密13 阅读理解之细节理解题考点详解高考中细节理解题通常占阅读理解题总数的一半以上。2014年新课标全国卷考区及其他各考区的高考试题中考查细节理解的题目占阅读理解题目总数的55%左右。细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。常见的命题方式通常有：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题
2、；2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；3. 以According to 开头提问方式；4. 以填空题的形式，如：（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_.（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that_.（3）It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on_.（4）If you are interested in kn
3、owing about what peoples life will be, you may visit_.（5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that_.（6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to_.5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看
4、原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句仔细品味，对照比较确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。有的细节理
5、解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在
6、阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。细节理解题大致有如下几种常考题型：题型一 描写类细节题描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。(2020·全国卷I A)Train InformationAll customers travelling on Transl ink services must be in possession of a valid ticketbefore
7、boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 1230.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduledthere can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train servicesand bus serviceLost property(失物招领)Call Lost Property on 13 16
8、17 during business hours for items lost onQueensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5: 00 pm and is located (11) at Roma Street stationPublic holidaysOn public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain majorevent days, i. e. Australia Day
9、, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.Customers using mobility devicesMany stations have wheelchair access from
10、 the car park or entrance to station platforms. For assistance, please call Queensland Rail on 13 1617Guardian trains (outbound)DepartOriginDestinationArrive6:42pmAltandiVarsity Lakes7:37pm7:29pmCentralVarsity Lakes8:52pm8:57pmFortitude ValleyVarsity Lakes9:52pm11:02pmRoma StreetVarsity Lakes12:22am
11、2121. What would you do to get ticket information?A.ca1l 13 16 17 B. Visit translink. com. atC. Ask at the local station. D. Check the train schedule22. At which station can you find the lost property office?A. Altandi B. Roma Street.C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude valley.23.Which train would you tak
12、e if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes:A.6:42pm. B.7:29pm.C.8:57 D.11:02语篇解读:本文是一篇应用文,文章介绍了来坐火车的相关信息21选C细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句” For ticket information, please ask at your localon or call1l31230.”可知,答案选C。22选B细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“ The lost property office is open Monday to Friday7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is locat
13、ed(位于) nt Roma Street station.”可知,答案选B。23.选B细节理解题。根据文中最后表格的内容可知,从 Central到 Varsity Lakes的列车的出发时间为晚上7:29。题型二 信息寻找题、广告阅读题信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻
14、找有效信息。广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有着其他快速寻找信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采用“题干定向法”。（1）补全成分法省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合
15、全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：Driver wanted. 根据文义，可将该句补充为：A driver will be wanted. (招聘一名司机)。（2）联想推测法在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。为节省篇幅，特别是在商业广告中，常使用缩写词，尽管有些缩写不太规范，但却常用，常见的缩写词有：Tel. =telephone number Ph. =phone Add (r). =address co. =company Ltd=LimitedMax=maximu
16、m Min=minimumhr=hour t=timefig=figure ft=foot ml=mile doz=dozenMt=Mountain P=pageprof. =professor Dr. =doctors=south n=north w=west Sta=Station pop=popular vs=versusXmas=Christmas info=information VIP=very important persons hrs=hoursaft=after ad=advertisement p/t=part time exp=experienced PC=persona
17、l computer MA=Master of ArtsBS degree=bachelor's degree (学士学位)(2020·全国卷)The Lake District Attractions GuideDalemain Mansion Historic GardensHistory, Culture & Landscape (t X). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk.
18、Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.Open:29Mar-29 Oct, Sun to ThursTearoom, Gardens Gift Shop: 10. 30-17. 00(16. 00 in Oct)House:11.15-16.00(15.00 in Oct).Town: Pooley Bridge &.
19、 PenrithAbbot Hall Art Gallery MuseumThose viewing the quality of Abbot Hall's temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from
20、 St Ives.Open: Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10. 30-17.00Summer. 10. 30-16. 00 WinterTown: KendalTullie House Museum Art GalleryTullie House Museum Art GalleryDiscover, explore and enjoy award- winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in
21、 one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from art to interactive fun, so there is something for everyone!Open: High Season 1 Apr-31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10. 00, Sun 11.00-17.00Low Season I Nov-31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10 00-16. 30. Sun 12. 00-16.30Town: CarlisleDove C
22、ottage& The Wordsworth MuseumDiscover William Wordsworths inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the cafe. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout t
23、he year.Open: Daily, 09. 30-17. 30(last admission 17.00).Town: Grasmere2I. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on SundaysA.09.30-17.30 B.10.30-16.00C.11.15-16 D.12.00-16.30.22. What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museun?A Enjoy Romney's worksB. Have
24、 some interactive fun.D. Learn the history of a family.C. Attend a famous festival.23. Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth's life?A. Penrith B. Kendal.C. Carlisle, D. Grasmere语篇解读:本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了几个湖区景点,包括其营业时间及地点等21.选C细节理解题,根据 Dalemain Mansion& Historic Gardens部分中的信息“H
25、ose11.15-16.00(15.00 in Oct),”可知,答案选C22选A。细节里解题,根据 Abbot Hall Art Gallery& Museum部分中的信息“ The impressivepermanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programmehas Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.”可知,游客可以在此处欣赏 Romney的作品,故23.选D细节理解题,根据 Dove Cottage& The W
26、ordsworth Museum部分中的信息“TownGrasmere”可知,如果游客想探索 Wordsworth的生活可以去 Grasmere,故选D题型三 数据计算题此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算
27、就可得出。(全国新高考A）POETRY CHALLENGEWrite a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.Prizes3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D. C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, h
28、otel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable
29、 mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earharts final flight.RulesFollow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both
30、the front and back of the paper.On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Six.【解析】这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。
31、文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。1. A。细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。题型四 排序题这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。做此类题目可采用首尾定位法，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围
32、，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。题型五 图文转换题此类试题要求根据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字。可采用“文字锁定法”，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”，迅速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中标出相应的内容，以便做题。The Home of My PeopleWhen Lewis and Clark stepped onto the Weippe Prairie
33、in present-day Idaho in September 1808, they met the Nez Perce Indians. In the following years, the white explorers（探险者）began to fight with the Indians for their land. Some Nez Perce chiefs signed agreements with the U.S. government, selling part of their lands. But the government always broke those
34、 agreements and demanded more land. Other chiefs refused to go along with the governments plans. The most famous was Chief Joseph, whose people lived in the Wallowa Valley（present-day Oregon）. “In order to have all people understand how much land we owned, ” he once explained, “my father planted pol
35、es around it and said: Inside is the home of my peopleIt circled around the graves（坟墓）of our fathers, and we will never give up these graves to any man. ”But in 1874, the U.S. government declared the valley open for white settlement and ordered the Nez Perce onto a reservation（保留地）. Seeing that resi
36、stance was useless, Chief Joseph agreed to move. Later, fighting broke out between the Nez Perce and U.S. soldiers. Chief Joseph tried to lead his people to Canada, winning several battles against the soldiers during their flight. But finally, he was forced to give in. 1. Which historic site （on the
37、 map）lies in the south of todays Nez Perce Reservation? A. Buffalo Eddy. B. Dug Bar. C. Joseph Canyon Viewpoint. D. Chief Looking Glass Camp. 2. What can we learn about the Nez Perce lands from the map? A. They were in the state of Oregon. B. They have become a historic site. C. They have become muc
38、h smaller. D. They were limited to the Wallowa Valley.【答案与解析】1.D 此题考查学生的图示理解能力。首先要找到并标出现在Nez Perce Reservation所在的位置，然后找到它以南的历史景点。可以看到Chief Looking Glass camp位于Nez Perce Reservation的南部。2.C 从地图中我们可以看到，Nez Perce原先所拥有的土地比现在Nez Perce保留区的位置大多了。6代词指代题解题技能代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种
39、题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。（全国新高考C篇） In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearan
40、ce of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the s
41、ea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at
42、life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed b
43、y a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His jud
44、gment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.9. What does the under
45、lined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.【答案】【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。9. D。
46、词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。检测训练题组一 真题在线Passage 1 （2020·全国新
47、课标卷II·A）The Lake District Attractions GuideDalemain Mansion & Historic GardensHistory, Culture & Landscape(景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.Open:29 Mar-29 Oct，Sun to Thurs.Tearoom，Gardens & Gift Shop:10.30-