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1、解密18 完形填空之记叙文考点详解【命题趋势】仔细研读近几年高考完形填空我们不难发现，记叙文是出现频率最高的一类文体，多以记人和叙事为主。具体地说，它是借助叙述、描写等手段记叙社会中的人物和事件发展过程，用以表现作者的态度和观点。记叙文多以人的思想和行为为中心，以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述。研读记叙型完形填空，可看出以下趋势：1.首句完整，线索清楚。一般作者在第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结果。2.叙述灵活，侧重语境。文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观
2、点或评论。因此，常会出现态度与观点的跳跃变换，或语气上的差异。这增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作出选择。3.实词为主，虚词为辅。高考记叙型完形填空，篇章不长，一般在200260个词左右，始终紧扣话题中心，形成一个主题连续体。选项一般为同一词类或同一范畴。重点集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上，介词、连词、冠词等虚词的考查相对较少。实词为主，虚词为辅，更能体现在语境中考查英语运用能力这一思路。【应试策略】在记叙文类完形填空的解题过程中，除了需要具备扎实的语言知识之外，还需要一套过硬的解题方法和技巧，很明显，如果掌握了正确的
3、解题思路，就会起到事半功倍的效果，从而大幅度提高正确率。1.重视首句，开篇明义。从历年的试题可以看出，完形填空首句一般不设题。这为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个窗口，它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息。所以应充分重视首句的指示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此拓展思维，争取开局胜利。2.利用语境，揣摩心态。高考完形填空题逐渐摒弃语法分析，朝着深层化和语境化的方面挖掘，因此考生只有借助上下文乃至全文语境启示或限定，揣摩作者的心情，以及他对各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中，除了对关联用语的把握外，还要把握语气、动作等的描写。3. 瞻前顾后在完形填空的解题过程中，从空格前面的相关语句中寻找解
4、题依据的方法通常被称为“瞻前法”；所谓“顾后”，是指在做完形填空时参考空后的有关信息来解题。4.理清线索，把握方向。记叙文一般按事件发展顺序叙述，有时用倒叙。答题时，通过理清人物间的关系，把握人物各自所做的事情，从而把握细节，找准作者的记叙方向，正确理解文章。【解题技巧】1. 通读全文，掌握大意。完形填空不是单项选择，它必须建立在理解文章的基础上，因此要通读全文，从语篇的整体内容出发，根据具体语境，结合语言结构，全面考虑，把握文章的脉络，理解全文大意。在通读中，找出文章的主题，尤其是作者的观点，要有作者意识，与作者达成共鸣，把握全局，理清思路，抓住主线，按照作者的思路朝着正确的方向发展，根据特
5、定情节，找到唯一正确的，合乎逻辑的答案。2. 重视首句，开篇明义。从历年的高考试题可以看出，完形填空所采用的短文一般不给标题，且首句往往不设空，通常是一个完整的句子。这个句子往往是全文的关键句，它是了解全文的窗口，常常包含对解题有用的信息，因此，考生要注重细读首句，并据此来判断文章的题材，推测全文的主旨和大意，推断故事中的人物、地点、时间、气氛等多方面的特征，争取开局顺利。Traveling through the Hunter Valley towards northern New South Wales with my mother restored our faith in human
6、kindness. Countrymen throughout the whole trip 1 us with their kindness and generosity, and one particular 2 really stood out.1. A. encouraged B. supported C. educated D. impressed 2. A. incident B. hotel C. adventure D. traveler【解析】1.D。考查语境化选词。文章首句中的“restored our faith in human kindness”暗示了下文要讲恢复对人
7、类善良品质信任的原因。下文中的“with their kindness and generosity”与上文中的“in human kindness”相呼应，然后再结合四个选项可知D项正确，此处表示在整个旅途中，乡下人的善良与慷慨给我们留下了深刻的印象。2.A。考查语境化选词。上文讲到“在整个旅途中,乡下人的善良与慷慨给我们留下了深刻的印象”,再由“and”后的内容及四个选项可知A项符合语境。3. 理清线索，把握方向。记叙文一般按事件发展顺序叙述，有时用倒叙。答题时，利用文中的时间和空间发展线索，理解人物之间的关系，找准作者的记叙方向，正确理解文章。4. 利用语境，揣摩心境。仔细研析近几年的高
8、考完形填空试题，可以清楚地看到，记叙文类完形填空的文章往往涉及所描述人物的心理和作者对这一人物或事件所倾注的情感、态度、观点或意图等非智力因素。因此同学们只有借助上下文乃至全文的语境启示或限定才能揣摩作者的心境，以及他对各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中，除了对关联词语的把握外，还要把握语气、动作等的描写，以期与作者达到共鸣。“Josh,”I said in a deep 14 voice. “I pass on my best, favorite pen to you, the next 15 （generation）. Guard it well and use it 16(faith
9、fully) .”And so on. He smiled and said thanks. And I went back to work. 14. A. serious B. weak C. nervous D. interesting 【解析】14.A。考查作者情感。由语境及本句中的deep一词和作者所说的话可推测出作者的声音深沉而“严肃”。由此推断，作者赠送钢笔，希望孩子努力学习，早日成才。所以，第14空处应为“严肃的”。serious “严肃的”，weak“微弱的”，nervous “紧张的”，interesting “有趣的”。此处表明了作者身为长辈的心态，并不含有弱小或紧张的意义
10、，首先排除B项和C项。其次，文章的字里行间透露出作者的话语是庄重的，故排除D项。检测训练题组一 真题在线Cloze 1 (2020·新课标全国卷II) It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 41 to the public because of Italys privacy laws, 42 working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by the “aft
11、er work auction(拍卖)” 43 by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45 above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
12、When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he 47 the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had 48 from Turin. His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something 50 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed(签名
13、) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51 it, he only found “Bonnard,” a French 52 he had never heard of. He bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his fathers painting.“Thats the garden in our picture,”Nicolos son told
14、his father. They 55 learned that the painting they 56 was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They 57 the other painting and learned that it was 58 Paul Gauguins “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The 59 called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings we
15、re 60 and worth as much as $50 million.41. A. attachedB. allocatedC. exposedD. submitted42. A. finishedB. delayedC. consideredD. tried43. A. attendedB. reservedC. cancelledD. run44. A. shownB. foundC. keptD. hidden45. A. niceB. familiarC. usefulD. real46. A. battledB. debatedC. discussedD. bargain47
16、. A. heldB. leftC. registeredD. brought48. A. chosenB. receivedC. orderedD. moved49. A. missedB. failedC. takenD. led50. A. concreteB. unusualC. unappealingD. natual51. A. appreciatedB. touchedC. researchedD. witnessed52. A. painterB. designerC. authorD. actor53. A. expectedB. surprisedC. anxiousD.
17、ready54. A. roomB. kitchenC. hallD. garden55. A. apparentlyB. confidentlyC. eventuallyD. temporarily56. A. ownedB. borrowedC. soldD. stole57. A. collectedB. cleanedC. framedD. studied58. A. suitablyB. actuallyC. rightlyD. specifically59. A. girlB. artistC. familyD. police60. A. copiesB. originalsC.
18、modelsD. presentsCloze 2 (2020·全国新高考) Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 21 . He learned the value and beauty of 22 there from a very young age.When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23 happening around his home. A flood
19、 had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 26 that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the 27 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 28 durin
20、g the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 30 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 31 young plants in the dry season was 32 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 33 of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo p
21、latform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 34 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.Molai 35 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.21. A. dreamB. jobC
22、. homeD. choice22. A. natureB. youthC. cultureD. knowledge23. A. preciousB. interestingC. disturbingD. awkward24. A. wasteB. tensionC. painD. damage25. A. BesidesB. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Otherwise26. A. agreedB. realizedC. rememberedD. predicted27. A. noiseB. heatC. diseaseD. dust28. A. directionsB.
23、 partnersC. helpD. shelter29. A. laborB. policeC. forestD. finance30. A. rebuiltB. discoveredC. leftD. managed31. A. DecoratingB. ObservingC. WateringD. Guarding32. A. toughB. illegalC. fantasticD. beneficial33. A. backB. topC. footD. side34. A. cool downB. keep offC. purifyD. collect35. A. returned
24、B. learnedC. failedD. continuedCloze 3 (2020·浙江) Ive been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger scat.One morning I 36 a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. The
25、 lamb had become separated from its 37 , so I jumped out of the tractor to 38 it while Don stayed in his scat.Lamb and mother 39 , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 40 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. 41 Don had somehow made the
26、42 move.My heart froze in my chest as I 43 the tractor heading towards the 44 .I ran desperately but failed to 45 . It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The 46 thing I saw was Dons face, looking calmly back at me.Heart in mouth, I 47 the fence and looked over. The tractor was 48 agains
27、t the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously(奇迹般地) crossed the 49 road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldnt see Don, but as I 50 the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently 51 , and dashed back to me.The police 52 and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn't qui
28、te believe my 53 it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been 54 .Don was given a special 55 that nightI didnt want him thinking I was angry with him.36. A. droppedB. spottedC. carriedD. returned37. A. kidsB. friendsC. ownerD. mother38. A. ask aboutB. play withC. tend toD. ru
29、n into39. A. freedB. switchedC. reunitedD. examined40. A. unexpectedB. dangerousC. embarrassingD. difficult41. A. FortunatelyB. GenerallyC. ImmediatelyD. Obviously42. A. lambB. vehicleC. seatD. fence43. A. sawB. stoppedC. rememberedD. drove44. A. crowdB. motorwayC. fieldD. hill45. A. take offB. catc
30、h upC. hold backD. get out46. A. realB. bestC. basicD. last47. A. fixedB. noticedC. reachedD. closed48. A. restingB. runningC. parkingD. turning49. A. sleepB. longC. roughD. busy50. A. abandonedB. approachedC. recognizedD. repaired51. A. uncleanB. uncertainC. unhurtD. unhappy52. A. arrivedB. replied
31、C. survivedD. waited53. A. abilityB. dreamC. luckD. idea54. A. commonB. confusingC. desirableD. awful55. A. mealB. testC. jobD. lessonCloze 4 (2017·新课标全国卷II) In1973,I was teaching elementary school. Each day,27kids 41 “The Thinking Laboratory.” That was the 42 students voted for after deciding
32、that “Room 104” was too 43 .Freddy was an average 44 ,but not an average person .He had the rare balance of fun and compassion（同情）.He would 45 the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyones 46 .Before the school year 47 ,I gave the kids a special 48 , T-shirts with the words “Verbs Are Your 49
33、 ” on them. I had advised the kids that while verbs（动词）may seem dull ,most of the 50 things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.Through the years, Id run into former students who would provide 51 on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his 52 from high school and rem
34、ained the same 53 person I met forty years before .Once, while working overnight at a store, he let a homeless man 54 in his truck. Another time ,he 55 a friend money to buy a house .Just last year, I was 56 a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman 57 the interruption and hande
35、d me an envelope. I stopped teaching and 58 it up. Inside were the “Verbs” shirt and a 59 from Freddys mother. “Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving. He wanted you to have this.”I told the story to the class. As sad as it was, I couldnt help smiling. Although Freddy was taken from us, we all 60 someth
36、ing from Freddy.41. A. builtB. enteredC. decoratedD. ran42. A. name B. rule C. brand D. plan43. A. small B. dark C. strange D. dull44. A. scholar B. student C. citizen D. worker45. A. speak B. sing C. question D. laugh46. A. misfortune B. disbelief C. dishonesty D. mistake47. A. changed B. approache
37、d C. returned D. ended48.A.lesson B. gift C. report D. message49. A. Friends B. Awards C. Masters D. Tasks50. A. simple B. unique C. fun D. clever51. A. assessments B. comments C. instructions D. updates52. A. graduation B. retirement C. separation D. resignation53. A. daring B. modest C. caring D.
38、smart54. A. wait B. sleep C. study D. live55. A. paid B. charged C. lent D. owed56. A. observing B. preparing C. designing D. conducting57. A. regretted B. avoided C. excused D. ignored58. A. opened B. packed C. gave D. held59. A. picture B. bill C. note D. diary60. A. chose B. took C. expected D. b
39、orrowedCloze 5 (2016·北京) A Race Against DeathIt was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.On the 20th of that month, Dr. Welch 1a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传染的) disease mainly affecting ch
40、ildren. The children of Nome would be 2if it struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 3, the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.How could the medicine get to Nome? The towns 4was already full of ice, so it couldnt come b
41、y ship. Cars and horses couldnt travel on the 5roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet.6January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were 7. Nomes town officials came up with a(n)8. They would have the medicine sent by 9from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled(狗拉
42、雪橇) drivers known as mushers would 10it to Nome in a relay(接力).The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 11he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannons face was black from the extreme cold.On January 31, a mush
43、er named Seppala had to 12a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most 13part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He would 14, and so would the sick children o
44、f Nome. But Seppala made it across.A huge snowstorm hit on February 1. A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm. At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his15. He had to leave the trail(雪橇痕迹) to get around them. Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 16the trail again. The only hope was Balto, Kaasens lead dog. Balto put his nose to the ground, 17to find the smell of other dogs tha