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1、2021年浙江新高考英语二轮复习讲义+典例训练高频解密01 冠词考点详解【命题解读】冠词是历年高考的必考点,对于冠词的考查主要集中在冠词的基本用法和习惯用法,高考中常见的考点如下: 冠词的泛指、特指 在形容词和副词比较等级前的用法 固定搭配 a 和an的区别(2017新增)【命题预测】考向1 不定冠词预计2021年的高考仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主,以语篇型语法填空的形式出现,它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。1. 与可数名词单数连用, 表示类别,泛指一类人或事物。 I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the
2、 keyboard. You shouldnt put drinks near a computer. 2. 用来表示不确定的某一个, 相当于 a certain。 Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? Sorry, wrong number. There isnt a Mr. Smith here.3.用于数量、时间等名词前, 表示每一(单位)的。 I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. 4. 在抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时)用不定冠词, 使之意义具
3、体化, 表示一种、 一件、一份等。It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。(honour是抽象名词,an honour指一件荣誉的事)5. 不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示再一,又一。She didnt like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one. 她不喜欢这两个包的颜色,又要了一个。1.(2017·新课标1卷语法填空)As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to ma
4、ke up for that something missing.【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示结果。句意:结果,人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。2.(2017·新课标3卷语法填空)But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting (rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as 62 model in New York.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。model是可数名词,
5、前面没有限定词,而此处泛指 一个,故填a。3. I wonder what it feels to be one of _really rich. The Browns already have two Rolls Royce and now they are buying _ third.A. the; aB. the ;theC./;aD./;the【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。第一句表示我想知道当有钱人是什么滋味;the+形容词表示一类人;the third则表示第三,而a third则表示再一个,这里并不是要强调第三这个顺序,而是表示又一个。故选A。4. The foreigners h
6、ere are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Tianjin.A./; aB./; theC. a; aD. the; the【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。外国游客们对这个事实有深刻的印象:来自各行各业的人们正在努力建设一个新天津。people from all walks of life是个固定搭配,意思是各行各业的人们;a new Tianjin泛指一个新天津,a表示一的意思。故选A。5.(2016·全国新课标2卷语法填空)G
7、ive your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. 【答案】a【解析】介词短语for a while意为一会儿,本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情,让你的身体和大脑休息一会儿。【重点提示】有些单词以元音字母开头,但读音却以辅音开头,这些单词前要用不定冠词a;相反,有些以辅音字母开头、读音却以元音开头的单词前要用不定冠词an。如:a useful book,an hour,an honest child等。考向2 定冠词1. 用来特指
8、某(些)人或某(些)事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所修饰。 Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was the most important one.2. 指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。 Dont worry if you cant come to the party. Ill save some cake for you. 3. 复述上文中提到的事物。 There is a shelf in my fathers room. The shelf is
9、 new.4. 用于单数可数名词之前, 表示该类事物, 相当于 a。 When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat. 5. 序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词 the。 The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. 6. 用于复数姓氏之前, 表示夫妇或全家。 The Wh
10、ites settled down in Canada last year. 去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。7. 表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。 the sun, the moon, the earth, the world8. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及些建筑物等 名称前。 According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS. 9. 定冠词the和形容词、过
11、去分词连用,表示一类人或事物。Many of the injured are still in danger. 许多受伤者仍处于危险中。the rich the poor,the old the wounded the livingthe dead10. 用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。the east 东部play the piano 弹钢琴1.(2018·新课标2卷语法填空)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 pe
12、rcent.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意:玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%,而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。2.(2018·新课标3卷语法填空)Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of,此处
13、表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。3. (2017·新课标3卷短文改错)Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.【答案】 picture前加the或this 【解析】考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词,根据句意可知在picture前加the或者this。4. Xi Jinping met with Hung Hsiu-chu, chairwoman of Kuomintang
14、(KMT) Party, and called for officials on both sides of the Taiwan Straits to remain committed to one-China consensus(共识).A. the; theB.不填; theC.不填; aD. the; 不填【答案】B【解析】考查冠词。句意:习近平会见洪秀柱,国民党的主席,并呼吁海峡两岸的官员继续致力于一个中国。名词在句中作表语、同位语时,当它所表示的职位、头衔等是独一无二的,则不用冠词,故第一空不用冠词;第二空特指一个中国的共识。故选B。5. This type of machine
15、is on way out, so what on earth shall I buy it for?A. /; /B. a; theC. the; /D. the; the【答案】C【解析】考查冠词。句意:这种机器即将过时,所以我到底为什么买它呢?on the way out即将过时;即将被淘汰是固定搭配,on earth究竟;到底是固定搭配。故选C。6. This book tells _ life story of John Smith, who left _ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 18.A. the; theB.
16、 a; theC. the; /D. a; /【答案】C【解析】考查冠词。句意:这本书讲述了John Smith的生平。他在18岁时辍学为一家报纸工作。第一空由of短语可知表特指;第二空leave school毕业、辍学表抽象意义不用冠词。故选C。7. Janes grandmother had wanted to write childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.A. a;不填B. the;the C. 不填;the D. a;the【答案】D【解析】句意:多年来,简的奶奶想写一本有
17、关于儿童的书,但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指,第二个in the way 是固定搭配,意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配,不定冠词用于泛指。选D。考向3 零冠词1. 不可数名词、复数名词表泛指,用零冠词。Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts. 偏远地区非常需要教师。2. 称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时,不加冠词。Dr. Peter Spence,headmaster of the school,told us,A fifth of pupils here go o
18、n to study at Oxford and Cambridge. 这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们,这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。3. 月、季、星期、节假、洲前;三餐、球类、惯用语前;学科、棋类名词前,用零冠词。A year can be divided into four seasons spring,summer,autumn and winter. 一年可以分为四季春、夏、秋、冬。4. no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。There is no such thing as a free lunch in the wor
19、ld. 天下没有免费的午餐。5. 在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词,但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher. 他成了一名医生而他弟弟当了教师。1. However, we refer to Donald Trump as _ great success not merely because he has been elected President of the USA.A. a; the B. 不填;the C. a;不填 D. 不填;不填【答案】C【解析】考查冠词。在此句中
20、success是可数名词,指一个成功的人物;President 是职务名词,前面不需要冠词。句意:然而,我们认为唐纳德特朗普是一个成功的人,不仅仅因为他被选为美国总统。故选C。2. George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church.A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a【答案】C 【解析】a Sunday指某一个星期天;at church为固定搭配,意为做礼拜,中间不用冠
21、词。难点详解一、序数词前冠词的使用问题 强调顺序时用定冠词;当不强调顺序,而是表示又,还,再时用不定冠词。如: The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have _ third one because _ second one is rather too small. A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a 【答案】C【解析】第一空表示还,再用不定冠词;第二空强调顺序用定冠词。句意为:蛋糕很好吃,因为他第二块太小了,所以他想再吃一块。 二、school, bed等前面冠词的使用问题 像bed, table, class,
22、 school, college, church, hospital, prison等名词,在指这些家具、建筑或场所本身时用冠词,但若抽象地指它们所具有的作用或功能时,则不用冠词,此时多用于go to或者be in / at之后。如: 1. Where is Jack? I think he is still in _ bed, but he might just be in _ bathroom. (全国卷) A. 不填;不填 B. the;the C. the; 不填 D.不填;the 【答案】D【解析】题中bed是指其用途,即:be in bed在睡觉。第二空指双方都知道的洗手间。 2.
23、 When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _ hotel; I can find you _ bed in my flat. A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填 【答案】A【解析】题中bed不是指其用途,而是泛指床这类事物中的一个。hotel是特指这次住的那个旅馆。句意是:你下次来这里度假,就不要住那个旅馆了,我在我的公寓里帮你弄一张床。 3. When he left _ college, he got a job as _ reporter in a newspaper
24、office. A. 不填;a B. 不填;the C. a ; the D. the; the 【答案】A【解析】题中college指在大学的功用,即:供人求学,leave college指大学毕业。在as后表示职业或身份的单数名词前要用不定冠词。 三、专有名词前的冠词使用问题 一般不用冠词,如John, China等。但以下几种情况用冠词: the姓氏复数表示某某夫妇或姓某的一家人。如: _ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. A. The Evens B. The Evens C. The Even
25、ses D. Evenses 【答案】C【解析】the姓氏复数表示某某夫妇或姓某的一家人。 a(n)+人名表示式的人物或有一个名叫的人,如:He is a Lei Feng. 他是一个雷锋式的人物。A Smith is waiting for you at the school gate. 有一个叫史密斯的人在门口等你。 由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常要加the,如the Summer Palace, the United Nations。但若是在专有名词(人名或地名)普通名词构成的专有名词前不用冠词,如Beijing University, Yale University。如: The mo
26、st important thing about cotton in history is _ part that it played in _ Industrial Revolution. A. 不填;不填 B. the;不填 C. the; the D. a; the 【答案】C【解析】因为part后面有一定语从句修饰,是特指,用the;又因为工业革命是由普通名词构成的专有名词,所以前面也要用the。 表示特指时专有名词前也可能用the,如:the Gorge of China (中国的高尔基)the China of the 1960s(20世纪60年代的中国)the Smith you
27、re looking for(你在找的那个史密斯) 四、物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用问题 一般不用冠词,如We all need water. (我们都需要水。) 但是下列情况要用冠词: 特指时要加the,如: In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck by _ beauty of _ nature that he stayed for another night. A. /, / B. /, the C. the, / D. the, the 【答案】C【解析】beauty后有of 短语表示特指,用the;nature作大自然, 自然界解是不可数名词,通常不用冠
28、词。 有的抽象名词具体化后,前面要加不定冠词,如:a surprise一件预料之外的事a pity / shame (一件令人遗憾的事)a success(一件成功的事或一个成功的人)a pleasure(一件快乐的事),a time(一段时间)不定冠词可在coffee, tea, beer, drink等物质名词前表示一杯 / 罐 / 瓶。如:Id like a tea(=a cup of tea), please. 我要来杯茶。 五、表示三餐的名词前的冠词使用问题 breakfast, lunch, supper等前一般不用冠词,但若受形容词修饰时用a / an;特指时要用the。如:a
29、good lunch(丰盛的午餐)How do you like the lunch?(你觉得这顿午餐怎么样?) 六、play后的乐器和球类名词的冠词使用问题 play后接西洋乐器名词时,要加定冠词。但象erhu(二胡)之类的汉语拼音的中国民乐名称前就不用冠词;play后面接球、棋、牌等之类的名词前也不用冠词,如play football / chess / bridge踢足球 / 下棋 / 打桥牌。After watching _ TV, she played _ violin for an hour. A. 不填, 不填 B. the, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填, the
30、【答案】D【解析】play作弹、演奏讲,后接的西洋乐器名词前要用the。watch TV是习惯说法,不用冠词。 七、表示季节、月份、星期的名词前的冠词使用问题 一般不用冠词,但特指时用the;受形容词修饰表示具有某种特点时可用a / an。如:the spring of 1998 1998年的春天a hard winter 一个严寒的冬天 八、表示节日的名词前的冠词使用问题 含有day的节日前一般不用冠词,如May Day, New Years day, Christmas Day, April Fools Day, Mothers Day等;但仅中国才有的传习统节日名称前常用the,如the
31、 Spring Festival(春节), the Mid-autumn Festival(中秋节)。 九、有后置定语的名词前的冠词使作问题 特指某人或某物时用the;但若指一类事物时用a / an。如: Id like to buy a present that is useful but not expensive. 我想买一件价格不贵但又有用的那样一类礼物。(from ) 十、两个并列名词前冠词的使用问题 指同一人、同一物或同一概念时,第二个名词前不用冠词,如a teacher and writer(一位教师兼作家),a horse and cart(一辆马车),a knife and
32、fork(一付刀叉);但若是指两个人时,第二个名词前一般也要加冠词,如a man and a woman(一个男人和一个女人)。 十一、冠词的非前位用法1. 不定冠词用在quite,rather,many,half,what,much等词之后。如:He is rather a fool.What did you think of the concert? Oh,it was quite a success.2. 不定冠词用在so(as,too,how)+形容词之后。如:She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.Its too difficu
33、lt a book for us to read.注意:以元音音素开头的名词前加不定冠词时用an。例如:an apple。即使单词拼写以辅音字母开头,但该词的读音是元音音素开头,加不定冠词时也要用an,例如:an hour,an honest boy;反之,拼写以元音字母开头,但读音是辅音,加不定冠词时要用a,例如:a university。3. sothat与suchthat:sothat和suchthat都作如此以至于解,that引导结果状语从句。常见句型如下:so suchthat和sothat有时可以换用,条件是such所修饰的名词必须是一个单数可数名词,且该名词还带有表性质的形容词。
34、转变公式如下:such a/an+形容词+名词so+形容词+a/an+名词。如:He is such a good student that we all like him.He is so good a student that we all like him。但是,如果是不可数名词或复数可数名词,则只能用such,不能用so修饰。如:It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home。如果复数名词前有many,few,不可数名词前有much,little等表示量的形容词时,应该用so而不用such。如:Ive had so many fa
35、lls that Im black and blue all over.Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together(维持生活)。但little不表示数量而表示小的意思时,仍用such。如:They are such little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves.检测训练(高考真题+名校检测)一、单项选择1.(2017·全国卷)There was _accident here ye
36、sterday.A car hit a tree and _driver was badlyinjured.A.an; anB.an;theC.a; aD.a; the【答案】B【详解】考查冠词。句意:昨天这里发生了一起事故。一辆汽车撞到了树上,司机受了重伤。第一空是泛指“一次事故”,accident是以元音音素开头的单词,用不定冠词an;第二空特指“这辆车的司机”,用定冠词the,故选B。2.(2010·福建卷)It's _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _
37、 pleasure.A./;aB.a;/C.the;aD.a;the【答案】B【解析】考查冠词。句意:去上海欣赏世博会带给人们快乐,这是一个非常好的感觉。feeling作为感觉讲为可数名词。pleasure作为快乐、欢乐讲为不可数名词。因此选B项。3.(2016·浙江卷)_prize for the winner of the competition is _two-week holiday in Paris.A.The ; 不填B.A ; 不填C.A ; theD.The ; a【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:这个比赛获胜者的奖品是在巴黎度假两个星期。第一空填the,是特指“获胜
38、者的奖品”,用定冠词;第二空泛指“一个两周的假期”,用不定冠词a。故选A。4.(2012·山东卷)Being able to afford_drink would be _comfort in those tough times.A.the; theB.a; aC.a; /D./; a【答案】B【详解】考查冠词。句意:在那些艰难的日子里,能买得起一杯酒将是一种安慰。第一空,drink前应用不定冠词,表示“一杯饮料”;第二空,comfort前面加不定冠词,表示“一个给人安慰的物品”,所以两个空都要用不定冠词。故选B。5.(2015·重庆卷)I just heard_ bank
39、 where Dora works was robbed by_ gunman wearing a mask.A.the; /B.a; /C.the; aD.a; the【答案】C【详解】考查冠词。句意:我刚刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一个带面具的持枪人给抢劫。第一个空表示朵拉工作的那家银行,可知表示特指,用the;第二空表示一个带面具的持枪人表示泛指,用a;故选C。6.(2015·浙江卷)Janes grandmother had wanted to write childrens book for many years, but one thing or anotheralways
40、 got in way.A.a;不填B.the;theC.不填;theD.a;the【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:多年来,简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书,但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指,第二个in the way 是固定搭配,意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配,不定冠词用于泛指。选D。7.(2015·四川卷)Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be_Beethoven.A.aB.anC.theD.不填【答案】A【详解】考查冠词。句意:Brian在创作音乐上极有才华,他很有
41、可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。本题考查不定冠词在人名前,表示:一个像那样的人。故选择A,8.(2015·陕西卷) more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.A.The ; theB.A; aC.The ; aD.A; the【答案】A【详解】考查冠词。句意:一个人越有学识,他就越可能更谦虚,使用the +比较级+主谓, the +比较级+主谓的句型,所以选A.冠词的考查集中在the表示特指;a/an表示泛指。另外要注意冠词的一些固定搭配中冠词的使用。这里用的是:the +比较级+主谓, the +比较级+主谓的句型,学
42、生在平时应该多积累这些包含冠词的短语和句型。故选A。9.(2014·重庆卷)I can't tell you_ way to the Wilson's because we don't have _Wilson here in the village.A.a; /B.the; aC.a; theD.the; /【答案】B【详解】考查冠词。句意:我无法告诉你去威尔逊家的路,因为我们村没有一个叫威尔逊的人。the way to.去.的路,这里特指去威尔逊家的路,用定冠词the,排除A、C;第二空泛指一个叫威尔逊的人,应该用不定冠词,a Wilson一个叫威尔逊的人
43、,排除D,故选B。10.(2014·天津卷)Life the like _ ocean; Only _strong-willed can reach the other shore.A.an; theB.the; aC.the ;/D./ ; a【答案】A【详解】考查冠词。句意:生活就像一个大海,只有意志坚强的人可以到达彼岸。ocean为可数名词,这里ocean表示泛指,且首字母发音为元音因素,所以选择不定冠词an。the+形容词表达一类人。故选A项。11.(2011·重庆卷)In communication, a smile is usually _ strong sign of a friendly and _ open attitude.A.a; /B.the; /C.a; anD.the; an【答案】A【详解】考查冠词。句意:在交际中,一个微笑通常是一个友好的、开明的强烈标志。第一空填a,表示“一种强烈的标志”,第二空不填,因为前面有a,friendly和open并列,共同修饰后面的名词attitude,所以第二空格不加冠词,故选A。12.(2014·陕西卷)(20