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1、2021年浙江新高考英语二轮复习讲义+典例训练高频解密05 形容词和副词考点详解【命题趋势】1. 对与形容词和副词有关的构词法的考查仍会成为语法填空的重点之一。2. 形容词、副词的题目侧重考查考生在具体语境中灵活运用形容词、副词的能力。3. 高考主要考查:形容词和副词的比较等级;形容词和副词之间的转换;名词转换为形 容词等。【考法指导】形容词和副词是语法填空的必考点,主要以“用括号中所给词的正确形式填空”的形式考查考生。1. 形容词可作定语、表语、补语。因此,在做语法填空时,若句子缺定语、表语或补语,要首先想到用形 容词。2. 副词在句中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语或整个句子。
2、因此当设空处作状语时,首 先考虑要填副词。3. 做语篇型语法填空时,考生还需根据上下文及形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型来判断。短文改错中,本该用形容词时却用了副词或其他词性,或本该用副词却用了形容词,要根据形容词和副词的基本用法判断。此外平时复习时还要注意一些常见的形容词、副词辨析。考向1 形容词、副词的比较等级一、平级比较1. as形容词(a/an)名词as表示同级比较,注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人们普遍认为,教学是一门科
3、学,同时也是一门艺术。2. as形容词/副词的原级as与not as/so形容词/副词的原级as表示同级比较,即两个或两 部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine. 这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。【特别提醒】as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词。如:The building is as tall as 100 meters. = The building is 100 meters tall. 这栋楼有100米。Believe it or not,swimming is _ as any to l
4、ose unwanted weight.A. a way as good B.as a good wayC. as a way good D.as good a way【答案】 D【解析】 考查固定短语。as.as表示和一样,固定表达方式有asadj./adv.asasadj.a/ann.as等。Its getting dark, but Mr. Chen is still at his office. No surprise. Who else can work as _(hard) as him?【答案】hard【解析】句意:天黑了,但是陈先生还在办公室。不奇怪,还有谁像他一样那么努力工作
5、呢?此处用Who else can work as hard as him表示Mr. Chen工作最卖力。二、比较级1. 比较级的修饰语有: rather, much,still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, far, a lot,a bit, a little, a great deal等。He is much taller than Yao Ming. 他比姚明高多了。The book is better by far than that one.这本书比那本书要好得多。2. 比较级的常见结构:(1)“比较级+than”结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。You look
6、 much younger than I do. 你看上去比我年轻多了。She doesnt work harder than you. 她工作不如你努力。(2)由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级 more “比多”,后接复数名词或不可数名词 I have more news books than my cousin.He has more milk than I . less “比少”,后接不可数名词 He has less water than me. fewer“比少”,后接复数名词 They have fewer flowers than we . 3. 比较级的特
7、殊结构 (1)The more,the more表示“越,就越”(more代表比较级)The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心,你犯的错误就越少。 The happier you are, the more friends you will make. 你越快乐,你将会交越多的朋友。 2.“比较级+比较级”和“more and more+多音节词原级”表示“越来越” Our school is cleaner and cleaner. 我们的校园越来越干净。 Our city becames more an
8、d more beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。 3.the比较级of the two 名词表示两者中较的那个。The taller of the two boys is my brother. 两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。4. “no +比较级+than”结构表示“和一样不” “not +比较级+than”结构意为“不及”,表示前者不如后者You are no taller than I. 你和我一样矮。My handwriting is not better than yours. 我的书法没有你的好。(2017·江苏卷·任务型阅读)The birth
9、rate in the 21st century may be much (71)_ than it was in the 20th.【答案】lower【解析】根据declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st可知,21世纪的出生率比20世纪低,且much/ even/far/a lot/ a little等修饰比较级,故填lower。(2017·新课标I卷·语法填空)As 65(a) result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that s
10、omething missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.【答案】worse【解析】考查比较级。句意:更糟糕的是,人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。 How did you find your trip to Water Park in the summer of 2016? I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected.A. even much interestingB. far more interestingC. so fa
11、r interestingD. far from interesting【答案】B【解析】考查形容词。根据后面的“than I expected”可知,此处运用比较级more interesting,而far可以修饰比较级。故选B。 My brother is much _ at tennis than me. He has won every match between us.A. worseB. worstC. betterD. best【答案】C【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意:我哥哥比我更擅长网球。他赢了我们之间的所有比赛。根据than可知此处应用比较级,排除BD两项;结合句意可知应用
12、good的比较级better,故选C。三、最高级1. 最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。Id like to buy the second most expensive camera. 我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。2. 最高级意义的表达法the +最高级+比较范围This
13、 apple is the biggest of the five. nevera(n)+比较级+可数名词单数I have never read a better book than this. 比较级thanany other单数名词 比较级thanall the other复数名词 比较级thananyone else 比较级thanany of the other复数名词 比较级thanthe rest of复数名词或不可数名词eg: 朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.Julia is
14、taller than all the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.Julia is the tallest girl in her class.否定词比较级最高级。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是
15、最伟大的爱。Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting? 你对他在会议上说的满意吗? No. It couldnt have been worse. 不,不能再差了。 The weather isnt good enough for an outing, is it? Too much dust. We cant have at this time of the year.A. a worst dayB. a worse dayC. a nicer dayD. a best day【答案】B【解析】句意:"天气不适合远足,是吗
16、?""是的,灰尘太多。这是我们一年中这个时候经历的最糟糕的一天。"否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义。 She really impressed me a lot for I had never heard voice than hers.A. the more beautifulB. a most beautifulC. a much beautifulD. a more beautiful【答案】D【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:她的确让我印象深刻,因为我从来没有听过比她的声音更优美的声音。"否定词+比较级"相当于最高级的含义。考向2 倍数表
17、达法表示倍数的句型:(1)A is倍数比较级thanB(2)A is倍数as原级asB(3)A is倍数the名词(size,length,height 等)ofB(4)A is倍数thatofB(5)A is倍数what 引导的名词性从句This building is three times higher than that one. This building is three times as high as that one. This building is three times the height of that one. 这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。 The outpu
18、t of this year is 3 times that of 2008. The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008. 今年的产量是2008年的三倍。After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before. 自从新技术被引进以后,这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。 When you study the local map,youll find this to
19、wn is_.A. twice the size of that oneB. twice as a large town as thatC. twice as larger as that oneD. twice as larger a town as that【答案】A【解析】句意:当你研究当地的地图时,你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方式:A is 倍数the名词(如size/length)of B;B项中不定冠词位置错误;C、D项中as后应用形容词原级。Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks,but it cost_his.A.a
20、s much twice as B. twice as much asC. much as twice as D.as twice much as【答案】B【解析】倍数表达法是形容词比较等级中一种很常用的比较级结构。不管用哪种比较级结构来表示比较,表示倍数的词总是放在比较级结构的最前面。My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours,but it is twice_expensive.A.as B. soC. too D. very【答案】A【解析】 考查倍数表达法。这里的倍数是twice,由expensive这一原
21、级可知,这里使用了as.as.这一比较结构,在具体的语境中,后面的一个as以及后面的成分可以承前省略,即这里expensive后面省略了as ours。考向3 ing形容词和-ed形容词1. 以ing结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰物,译为“令人的”,常作定语;主要用于说明事物, 表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。 2. 以-ed结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰人,译为“(人)的”,常作表语;通常用于说明人,不 用于说明事物,即使它们所修饰的名词是事物,那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。 encourage 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 受到鼓舞的 int
22、eresting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 astonishing令人惊呆的 astonished 惊呆的 surprising 令人惊奇的 surprised感到好奇的 moving 令人感动的 moved 感动的 frightening令人害怕的 frightened害怕的 terrifying令人恐惧 terrified感到恐惧的 puzzling 令人困惑不解的 puzzled感到困惑的satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的 tiring 令人厌倦的 tired感到厌烦的 amazing令人惊讶的 amazed感到惊讶的 boring 令人讨厌的 b
23、ored感到厌烦的 exciting令人兴奋的 excited感到激动的 touching 触动人心的 touched感动的embarrassing令人尴尬的 embarrassed尴尬的 He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。 He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他告诉了我这个消息,声音很激动。 The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。 a frightened look
24、 害怕的表情(指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕) a frightening look 吓人的表情(指这种“表情”令人害怕) an excited talk 心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动) an exciting talk 令人激动的谈话(指听“谈话”的人心情激动)Seeing a stranger with a knife in his hand, the little girl stood under the tree, _ out of her mind.A.frightenedB.be frightenedC.to be frightenedD. frightening【答案】
25、A【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据句子结构得知空及后面的部分是形容词短语作状语,表状态。再根据句意“当这个小女孩看到一个陌生人手里拿着刀的时候,她站在树底下,吓得(frightened受惊的,害怕的)魂不守舍。”可知A项符合语境之意。而D项frightening意为“令人恐惧的”; B项结构不对;C项不定式可作结果状语,但表没预料到的结果,此处表结果也是必然的结果(应该用分词,也就是A(过去分词)和D(现在分词)项的形式,但这两个词现在通常把它们看作形容词,常根据形容词的意思去区别。)故选A。They can also make their own special sounds to keep t
26、he story _ (interest) and attractive. 【答案】interesting【解析】语境表示“使故事听起来有趣和有吸引力”,故此处要用形容词interesting“有趣的”。What followed was a _ (touch) scene.【答案】touching【解析】语境表示“随后发生的是感人的一幕”,这里要用-ing形容词touching“感人的,动人的”。考向4 词类转换一、形容词变副词形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀:一般直接加,元(e)去e加,辅(y)改i加,le结尾e改y。分别举例如下:quickquickly; tr
27、uetruly; happyhappily; possiblepossibly具体规则如下:1. 一般情况下直接加ly,如:recentrecently politepolitelysadsadly immediateimmediately2. 少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。如:true-trulydue-duly绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如:politepolitelywidewidelywisewisely nicenicely3. 以个y结尾的,且读音为 / i /, 先将y改成i,再加ly,如:happyhappilyheavyheavilyangrya
28、ngrilybusybusily但是如果读音为 / ai /, 直接加ly,如:drydryly shy-shyly4. 以ic 结尾的词,加ally,如:economiceconomically basicbasically scientificscientificallyautomaticautomaticallyenergeticenergetically5. 以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y,如:simplesimply considerableconsiderably terribleterribly gentlegently possiblepossibly probablepro
29、bably元音字母加le时加 ly,如:sole-solely。但是whole-wholly例外。6. 以-ll结尾时,只须加 y,如:dulldullyshrillshrilly需注意: 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如:friendly people motherly carelovely dog monthly examheavenly peace a manly sport二、形容词后缀1. able 以“able”结尾的形容词一般有两种情况: (1)v.ableadj. 以这种方式构成的形容词其意义为“能的”、“可以(被)的”、“适 合于 的”、“值得的”等,即有被动含义。re
30、liable(可以依靠的)drinkable(可以饮用的 )eatable(可食用的) (2)n.ableadj. 这种形容词意为“具有特点的”。valuable(有价值的)reasonable( 有道理的)comfortable(舒适的)。 2. al 该词缀大多是加在名词后形成形容词的。 不过,有些“al”后缀则仅体现了该词的形容词性 , 并非以这种方式构成形容词。“al”意为“属于的”“有特性的”。如:actual,medical等。3. ful 这一后缀有两种情况: (1)加在名词之后构成形容词,表示“充满的”“有性质的”,如beautiful,colourful, helpful,p
31、owerful,successful,useful,wonderful。 (2)加在动词之后,所构成的形容词意为“易于的”,如forgetful。 4. ical “ical”同“ic”一样附加在名词或词干后构成形容词,意为“的”、“似的 ”、“与 有关的”,如physical,political,practical,technical等。 注意:(1)有些形容词的词尾可能是“ic”和“ical”并存,且可以互相替代,但这不是说两者就没 有任何区别。一般来说,词尾“ic”与词根的关系比较密切,而词尾“ical”与词根的关系比较含糊,一般作 “与有关的”解。 请比较:an electric li
32、ght(电灯),electrical engineering(电气工程);histo ric意为“历史上有名气的”,historical则意为“关于历史的”。(2)以“ic”结尾的形容词,其相应副词 则往往是pacifically,scientifically。 5. ive “ive”意为“的”、“与有关的”、“具有性质的”等。如:native,active,passive,attentive,expensive。 6. less “less”加在名词、动词后,表示“无”、“缺”。 7. (i)ous 该形容词后缀意为“充满的”、“具有特征的”,加在名词、动词和形容词 之后。 例如:curi
33、ous,famous,dangerous,obvious,poisonous,serious,various。(2016·全国新课标卷) The title will be _ (offical)given to me at a ceremony in London. 【答案】officially【解析】修饰动词given应用副词。(2015·全国新课标卷)The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 1(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even
34、0;2most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3(able) to “air condition” a house without 4(use)electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5
35、(slow)during cool nights,thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6(cool) the house during the hot day: 7the same time, they warm up again for the night This cycle 8(go) day after day: The wall
36、s warm up During the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures. As 9(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.1. built【解析】the adobe dwellings与b
37、uild之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作定语。2. the【解析】根据下文的most可知,这里是形容词的最高级,所以用the。3. ability【解析】根据上文的their可知此处应用名词。4. using【解析】without是介词,后面接动名词。5. slowly【解析】slowly副词修饰动词短语give out。6. to cool【解析】adj. +enough +to do sth.意思是“足够以至于”。7. at【解析】at the same time固定短语,意为“同时”。8. goes【解析】这句话讲的是一个事实,所以用一般现在时。主语为单数,所以用第三人称单数形式
38、。9. natural【解析】形容词修饰后面的名词。10. how【解析】thick是形容词,用how修饰形容词,表示墙需要有多厚。难点详解 意义有别的同根副词 hard努力地 hardly几乎不near附近 nearly几乎,将近 high 高 highly高度地 most 大多数 mostly 主要地 deep深入地 deeply深深地 wide 广阔地 widely广泛地 late迟 lately最近,近来 close 靠近 closely密切地 free自由地 freely 免费地 just 正好 justly 公正地检测训练(高考真题+名校检测)一、单项选择1.(2017·
39、全国卷)A woman and a child had a_escape yesterday when their car left the road.A.closeB.smallC.narrowD.near【答案】C【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:昨天,当一位妇女和一个孩子的车子驶离公路时,她们死里逃生。A. close亲密的;紧密的;亲近的;B. small小的;难为情的;低级的,卑劣的;细微的,微弱的;C. narrow狭窄的;窄小的;勉强的;刚刚好的;D. near近的;亲密的;近似的。narrow escape是固定搭配,表示“九死一生,幸免于难”,符合句子语境中所处的危险状况,故
40、选C。2.(2017·全国卷)My brother lent me the money,_I couldn't have afforded the trip.A.FurthermoreB.OtherwiseC.MoreoverD.Nevertheless【答案】B【详解】本题考查副词辨析。句意:我哥借钱给我了,否则我不可能有能力支付这旅行的费用。A.furthermore还有;B.otherwise否则;C.moreover还有;D.nevertheless然而。根据句意可知,这里含有对过去情况假设的虚拟语气,用otherwise相当于“if my brother hadn&
41、#39;t lent me the money(要是我哥没有借钱给我)”。故选B。3.(2020·江苏卷)The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an _ change in our life and work.A.absurdB.abruptC.allergicD.authentic【答案】B【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:新冠肺炎疫情的爆发,给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。A. absurd荒谬的;B. abrupt突然的;C. allergic过敏的;D. authentic真实的。根据常识可知,新冠肺炎疫情给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突
42、然的变化。故选B。4.(2020·天津卷)According to Professor Johnson, we dont have to read the book if we dont want to, as it is _.A.worthwhileB.necessaryC.optionalD.serious【答案】C【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:根据约翰逊教授的说法,如果我们不想读这本书,就不必读,因为它是可选择的。A. worthwhile值得的;B. necessary必要的;C. optional 可选择的,选修的;D. serious严肃的,认真的。根据“we don
43、t have to read the book if we dont want to”可知,这本书读不读都可以,由此可知,它是“可选择的”。故选C。5.(2020·天津卷)With the widespread use of the Internet, communications across the world have _developed over the years.A.steadilyB.differentlyC.independentlyD.formally【答案】A【详解】考查副词辨析。句意:随着互联网的广泛使用,世界各地的通信多年来稳步发展。A. steadily稳
44、定地,,稳固地;B. differently不同地;C. independently独立地;D. formally正式地。此处指稳步发展,故选A。6.(2019·江苏卷)Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people _ options to exercise.A.casualB.regularC.flexibleD.tight【答案】C【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意:与传统健身房不同,应用程序支持的健身房为人们提供了灵活的锻炼选择。A. casual偶然的,随便的;B. regular定期的,有规律的;C. flexible灵活的;D. tigh