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1、重难点05 完形填空之记叙文【命题趋势】记叙文一直受高考完形填空命题者的青睐，在高考完形填空题材中占有相当大的比重。这是因为其有人物、情节发展等线索可循，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。这种类型的试题，更能考查考生根据文章的整体内容选择符合文章情节的答案，可以充分体现考生对事物的应变能力。仔细研读近几年高考完形填空我们不难发现，记叙文是出现频率最高的一类文体，多以记人和叙事为主。具体地说，它是借助叙述、描写等手段记叙社会中的人物和事件发展过程，用以表现作者的态度和观点。记叙文多以人的思想和行为为中心，以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来
2、展开叙述。研读记叙型完形填空，可看出以下趋势：1.首句完整，线索清楚。一般作者在第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结果。2.叙述灵活，侧重语境。文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观点或评论。因此，常会出现态度与观点的跳跃变换，或语气上的差异。这增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作出选择。3.实词为主，虚词为辅。高考记叙型完形填空，篇章不长，一般在200280个词左右，始终紧扣话题中心，形成一个主题连续体。选项一般为同一词类或
3、同一范畴。重点集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上，介词、连词、冠词等虚词的【解析】考查相对较少。实词为主，虚词为辅，更能体现在语境中考查英语运用能力这一思路。【满分技巧】1. 读透首句，掌握主旨重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的突破口。2. 跳空速读全文，掌握中心速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把
4、握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。3. 身临其境，故事重构采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。4. 关注末段，注意感想最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。5. 浏览全文，复查核定根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是：（1）语意是否前后一致；（2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；（3）所选
5、词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；（4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。【热点话题】 完形填空之记叙文热衷于哲理故事类，生活经历类。【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（嘉积中学20192020学年度第一学期月考高三英语科试题）话题：主体内容为关爱他人。难度：建议用时：10分阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项填入空白处。Whenever we hear about “the homeless”, most of us think of the Developing world. But the _16_is that homelessness is everywh
6、ere. For example, how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a _17_ country like Germany?Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making _18_for the homeless of Berlin, Germanys capital. They first _19_one long hot summer when most Germans were _20_on holida
7、y. Kurt and his wife stayed at home, made sandwiches, _21_a table in the street and gave food to the homeless.The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing werent _22_ . “What these people also need is warmth and _23_ ,” says Rita. The Mullers didnt _24_to give their phone number to the stre
8、et people and told them to phone anytime. Rita _25_ there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always _26_to anyone who couldnt face another night on the street.The couple were soon _27_ all their time and money, so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to _28_don
9、ations. Today, over thirty companies _29_donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to _30_ them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer _31_new shoes.Kurt and Rita receive no _32_for their hard work. “ We feel like parents,” says Rita, “and
10、 parents shouldnt _33_money for helping their children. The love we get on the streets is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets _34_, she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a _35_in the world.16. A. resultB. truthC. reasonD. idea17. A. traditio
11、nalB. developingC. violentD. wealthy18. A. preparationsB. housesC. mealsD. suggestions19. A. beganB. metC. calledD. left20. A. asleepB. aloneC. acrossD. away21. A. brought upB. set upC. cheer upD. gave away22. A. enoughB. necessaryC. helpfulD. worthwhile23. A. fameB. freedomC. courageD. caring24. A.
12、 hesitateB. agreeC. pretendD. argued25. A. went aheadB. found outC. made sureD. worked out26. A. openB. crowdedC. noisyD. broad27. A. costingB. wastingC. takingD. spending28. A. pay forB. ask forC. account forD. carry on29. A. completelyB. calmlyC. regularlyD. roughly30. A. advertiseB. sellC. delive
13、rD. lend31. A. donatesB. producesC. designsD. collects32. A. permissionB. paymentC. directionD. support33. A. multiplyB. raiseC. saveD. expect34. A. surprisedB. excitedC. tiredD. pleased35. A. discoveryB. differenceC. decisionD. ruleB（合肥一中2020届高三最后一卷）话题：文章主要讲述教室内地面上的一元钱引发的故事。难度：建议用时：10分It was only a
14、 dollar. Belscher _21_ it on the floor. He could easily have _22_ it without thinking twice._23_, he brought it to his English teacher, Mattison. She suggested that he tape it to the _24_ at the front of the classroom. _25_ the dollar was lunch money or bus fare for the _26_.Hunter Joe spotted the d
15、ollar on the whiteboard. There was a _27_ to it, he thought. He asked Mattison why it was there. With nobody _28_ it, she replied, "I don't know." Then Joe stuck a second dollar to the board.That got it rolling. The _29_ of the two dollar bills triggered（触发）something in Mattison's
16、students. More began to _30_ dollar bills.The effort _31_. Even with no specific _32_, many students wanted to be part of whatever this was, for they _33_ that the eventual plan for the dollars would be for "something _34_" and that their teacher "wasn't going to do anything stupi
17、d with the money."The amount continued to _35_ over several weeks. That left Mattison to _36_ the best resolution. She kept thinking about Jack Hains, a wonderful human being. He had died of ALS（肌萎缩）, a _37_ disease. Jack' wife, Terry raised money for the ALS Therapy Development Institute,
18、which was established to seek a _38_ for the disease. Mattison told this to all her classes. By the end of the term, they'd raised over $1,300. They made the _39_."A group of kids, who were motivated by the mystery of what was _40_, have more power than I realize," Mattison said.21. A.
19、 threwB. tookC. noticedD. stepped22. A. ignoredB. pocketedC. lostD. put23. A. InsteadB. OtherwiseC. ThereforeD. Moreover24. A. wallB. floorC. tableD. whiteboard25. A. MaybeB. CertainlyC. ThusD. Obviously26. A. studentB. teacherC. workerD. owner27. A. truthB. mysteryC. phenomenonD. fact28. A. finding
20、B. claimingC. takingD. seeking29. A. viewB. lookC. sceneD. sight30. A. tape upB. take awayC. peel offD. deal with31. A. snowballedB. doubledC. stoppedD. dropped32. A. wishB. determinationC. purposeD. appointment33. A. decidedB. doubtedC. figuredD. worried34. A. interestingB. fantasticC. wiseD. good3
21、5. A. remainB. growC. declineD. fall36. A. decided uponB. worked outC. agreed toD. put forward37. A. deadB. commonC. rareD. ordinary38. A. treatmentB. cureC. healD. test39. A. differenceB. preparationsC. donationD. offering40. A. uncoveringB. exposingC. showingD. unfoldingC（2020柳州高中高三4月英语测试）话题：一张便条鼓
22、舞了一个孩子的故事。难度：建议用时：10分阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Christin Gilmer was once an excellent student in the sixth-grade classroom of Judith Toensing. At the end of the year，Toensing included an extraordinary message on Gilmer's report card_21_，"It has been a joy to
23、 have you in class. Keep up the good work，and invite me to your Harvard_22_. "“She just had the passion（激情）to go _23_and make a difference. And I just wanted to set the _24_and set the bar high，"said Toensing.Gilmer_25_that message for the next twenty years. After receiving her undergrad d
24、egree，Gilmer _26_made her way to Harvard.“I had always had a（n）_27_of it and carried it with me "Gilmer said about the _28_. "Anytime I was having anxiety o_29_with some cruel injustices in the world，or even just kind of doubting myself，it helps me to remember her_30_"After overcoming
25、 so many difficulties，and finally_31_it to graduation，Gilmer knew who she needed to_32_.Gilmer recently traveled back to her hometown of Yuma，Arizona to pay a（n）_33_visit to her favorite teacher and deliver the invitation in person.“I would have been there，with no difficulty，"said Toensing. &qu
26、ot;I would have grown feathers to get there. "That wouldn't be_34_，because the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health paid for her airfare to Boston. When it was time for Gilmer to graduate，her teacher from over two decades ago watched her walk across the_35_and accept her doctorate in
27、public health.Harvard Dean Michelle Williams even offered a_36_thank you to Toensing in her speech."I can't think of a better way to pay respect or show_37_to Judith Toensing. She _38_me so much，"said Gilmer."As a teacher，it's the perfect example of everything we try to _39_in
28、 the classroom，"said Toensing. who couldn't be prouder of her_40_student.21. A. explainingB. readingC. announcingD. praising22. A. graduationB. weddingC. anniversaryD. celebration23. A. downB. offC. aroundD. forward24. A. paceB. dateC. sceneD. goal25. A. added toB. left behindC. held ontoD.
29、 sneezed at26. A. eventuallyB. suddenlyC. unwillinglyD. mysteriously27. A. imaginationB. understandingC. modelD. picture28. A. bookB. noteC. exerciseD. warning29. A. competingB. startingC. strugglingD. comparing30. A. lessonsB. wordsC. commentsD. suggestions31. A. makingB. sendingC. takingD. accompa
30、nying32. A. respectB. congratulateC. inviteD. comfort33. A. surpriseB. businessC. angelD. return34. A. possibleB. NecessaryC. EasyD. important35. A. classroomB. playgroundC. laboratoryD. stage36. A. quickB. SeriousC. PersonalD. ridiculous37. A. thanksB. emotionsC. courageD. compromise38 A. missedB.
31、pleasedC. influencedD. Interested39. A. prepareB. AccomplishC. DiscourageD. avoid40. A. warm-heartedB. easy-goingC. famousD. formerD（哈师大附中2020年高三第四次模拟考试）话题：以病毒的角度描述病毒如何让一个学生感冒，并且学生如何抗击病毒的。难度：建议用时：10分第一节 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Humans frequently fall ill owing to me._21_, they can
32、 hardly blame me; it is largely their own_22_. A tired person may get_23_especially when he goes to crowded places with polluted air. A sudden change in_24_ is another factor. In hot summer, people turn on the air-conditioner upon returning home. They will catch a cold easily.My latest victim is an
33、energetic student. After school, he played football hard for two hours. Though_25_, he still went to the cinema. Then he got back home and took a cold shower immediately.I seized this golden chance to_26_ him. He reacted, trying to_27_ me, but I was already_28_ deep in his throat. He kept sneezing a
34、nd his nose was running._29_ he put on some warm clothes, it didnt work, for there were too many of us. Besides, his sore throat kept_30_ him, and he developed a cough to force me and my family out, but_31_.The next day he couldnt go to_32_. He had lost his appetite and was not as_33_ as before. His
35、 mother made him orange juice every few hours for more vitamin C, which would help his_34_. For two days he was_35_ by his mother. As he rested more, his defense strengthened and I began to feel the_36_. I knew I had to_37_ him before long. But I am not the one who gives up easily, and I made every
36、effort to fight back._38_, it was my turn to feel_39_ now, for his defense system was starting an all-out attack against me. I became_40_ and finally my time was over.Do you know what I am?21. A. ThereforeB. BesidesC. HoweverD. Then22. A. businessB. responsibilityC. excuseD. fault23. A. punishedB. b
37、lamedC. caughtD. killed24. A. seasonB. temperatureC. placeD. condition25. A. excitedB. hurtC. lateD. exhausted26. A. injureB. botherC. attackD. destroy27. A. get rid ofB. get on withC. put up withD. take hold of28. A. waitingB. reproducingC. hidingD. disappearing29. A. SinceB. OnceC. WhetherD. Altho
38、ugh30. A. upsettingB. remindingC. comfortingD. influencing31. A. escapedB. succeededC. regrettedD. failed32. A. bedB. workC. schoolD. hospital33. A. peacefulB. afraidC. dynamicD. happy34. A. developmentB. recoveryC. studyD. growth35. A. nursedB. protectedC. scoldedD. treated36. A. lossB. operationC.
39、 pressureD. movement37. A. boycottB. abandonC. forgetD. beat38. A. UncertainlyB. UnsuccessfullyC. UnusuallyD. Unfortunately39. A. disappointedB. awfulC. nervousD. ashamed40. A. weakerB. biggerC. smallerD. strongerE（2020届黑龙江省实验中学高考冲刺模拟试题六）话题：一位残疾学生的励志故事难度：建议用时：10分阅读下面短文， 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中， 选出可以填入
40、空白处的最佳选项。Jayce began noticing when he was in kindergarten that he looked different from his classmates. They had two arms. He had one.It started when one boy _21_ him, said his mother, Lewis. Hed return to his home with questions: “Why am I _22_? Why me? His mother recalled he was actually mad at Go
41、d for making him that way and that it was a heavy _23_ to his heart.Lewis _24_ she didnt know what to do at that point. A few weeks later, Lewis turned on the TV to a news story about an eighth grader, Trashaun, becoming an Internet hit after _25_ videos of his slam dunks (灌篮), and, like Jayce, he _
42、26_ most of his left arm. Lewis called Jayce in. To her surprise, Jayce was immediately _27_. At the time, it seemed that watching Trashaun was _28_ an inspiring moment for Jaycehe saw a role model with a similar _29_. If it had stayed just that, Lewis would have been happy enough. But little did sh
43、e know that a family friend had already _30_ to the newspaper to help set up a _31_ with Trashaun to build Jayces confidence.The boys met and instantly _32_ with each other as both of them were in the same condition. They rode bikes, took photos, and shot basketball on the court. Instead of spending
44、 the whole day feeling _33_ for themselves, they had a lot of fun. However, Trashaun did get _34_ with Jayce sometimes. They talked about his left arm. He told Jayce he was perfect the way God made him. He also told him not to let anyone _35_ him and not to let those words shake his _36_.Since that
45、meeting, Lewis has seen a noticeable _37_ in her son. As for Trashaun, his relationship with Jayce made him _38_ to help more kids. “Honestly, it _39_ a lot to know that I changed Jayces life,” Trashaun says. Still, he never dreamed that his _40_ would have such an impact. “I just thought my friends
46、 would see them, and be like, Oh, he dunked it!”He certainly did.21. A. supportedB. teasedC. cheatedD. pleased22. A. lonelyB. sillyC. differentD. ordinary23. A. dutyB. breathC. debtD. blow24. A. arguedB. promisedC. suspectedD. admitted25. A. downloadingB. postingC. buyingD. watching26. A. lostB. hurtC. usedD. recovered27. A. satisfiedB. confusedC. boredD. attracted28. A. hardlyB. simplyC. stillD. never29. A. responseB. familyC. problemD. education30. A. reached outB. looked outC. go