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1、重难点02 阅读理解之记叙文【命题趋势】记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；（2）
2、若是哲理故事，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是 逸闻趣事，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。【满分技巧】高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。一、记叙文写作特点记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序
3、来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓一篇之妙，在于落句。二、记叙文命题特点从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓
4、意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。三、记叙文答题技巧一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。No.1 顺藤摸瓜 记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。No.2左顾右盼 在
5、做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。No.3刨根问底 如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如What can be inferred from ?或是What does the author imply in?之类
6、的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。No.4拨云见日 每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。这时，你不仅需要左顾右盼，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物
7、与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。【热点话题】 记叙文热衷话题有：人物故事类，生活经历类。【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（合肥六中2020届高三冲刺最后一卷）话题：文章讲述了发生在纽约一家超市的故事。难度：建议用时：6分As temperatures approached 90 degrees in New York City last July 4th, three police officers hurried into a Whole Foods Market to get something cold to drink. What they
8、 walked into was a heated human drama.Once inside, the cops (警察) , Lt. Louis Sojo and Officers Esanidy Cuevas and Michael Rivera, were approached by a store security guard who asked for help with a suspected thief. The woman in question didnt have the look of a career criminal. She was obviously sca
9、red, and her cheeks were wet with tears.The cops looked quickly inside her bag. “Al1 we saw was containers of food. We didnt see anything else,” Cuevas told CBS New York.“Im hungry,” she explained quietly.Caught red-handed, the woman no doubt expected to be cuffed (带上手铐) and put into prison for the
10、crime of being hungry while poor. But the cops had other ideas. “Well pay for her food,” Sojo told the surprised security guard.Thered been no discussion among the three men, no need to see whether they were all in. It went unsaid. Instead, they picked up the womans bag and escorted (护送) her to a ca
11、sh register, where each contrilbuted $10 to pay the bill. She would not be arrested today.All the woman could do was weep in thankfulness. Covering her face with a handkerchief and drying her eyes, she repeated, “Thank you, thank you.”She wasnt the only one touched by this act of sympathy and unders
12、tanding. “It was a very beautiful, genuine moment,” says Paul Bozymowski, who was at the store. He was so taken by what hed witnessed that he posted a photo on Twitter for all to see.But attention was never what the officers sought. They were driven by a far more common emotion. As Sojo told CNN, “W
13、hen you look at someones face and see that they need you and theyre actually hungry, its pretty difficult as a human being to walk away from something like this.”4. Why did the woman weep at first?A. She was scared of being arrested.B. She was wrongly accused of stealing.C. She was too poor to pay f
14、or the goods.D. She was touched by the act of these cops.5. What does the underlined word “red-handed” in paragraph 5 refer to?A. In the act of committing a crime.B. For lack of knowledge or experience.C. Because of the blood-covered hands.D. On account of her pretended innocence.6. We can infer tha
15、t the cops paid the bill for the woman to _.A. seek attention of the publicB. gain both fame and wealthC. solve the problem as soon as possibleD. help the hungry and poor woman out of trouble7. Which of the following best describes the three cops?A. Patient.B. Caring.C. Humorous.D. Ambitious. B（长春外国
16、语学校2020-2021学年第一学期高三年级期初考试）话题：本文讲述了一个非裔美国作家Toni Morrison获得了诺贝尔奖的故事。难度：建议用时：6分Toni Morrison was an American writer who received the Nobel Prize in Literature. Her novels. Beloved, Song of Solomon and others explored the way African-Americans search for freedom and identity in a country obsessed with
17、skin color. Morrison was nearly 40 when she published her first novel The Bluest Eye in 1970. The Nobel Prize committee described her writing as language itself, a language she wants to liberate from race. Her novels discussed America's past, focusing on black history and the effects of slavery
18、and racism. She culled her characters “the unfree at the heart of the democratic experiment”.In 1988, she won the Pulitzer Prize for her novel Beloved, the story of a mother who kills her baby daughter rather than permit her to be born into slavery. It became a best-seller and was later made into a
19、film with Oprah Winfrey. Many Americans admired her as the country's greatest living writer, including former President Barack Obama.She was born in 1931. She attended Howard University, an all-black university in Washington, D. C. At Howard, she read African. British and American literature, in
20、cluding writers William Faulkner and Virginia Woolf. After a short marriage, she became a single mother of two sons and worked as a book editor in New York.Several publishers rejected her first book The Bluest Eye but it impressed The New York Times' book critic John Leonard, who believed Morris
21、on was an important new voice. He said her writing was “so charged with pain and wonder that the novel becomes poetry”.Morrison enjoyed her literary fame and was proud of her Nobel Prize.4. What are Toni Morrison's books mainly about?A. Women's equality and rights.B. The development of Ameri
22、ca.C. The literature of America.D. American history and racism.5. Which of the following helped Toni Morrison receive the Pulitzer Prize?A. Beloved.B. Song of Solomon.C. The Bluest Eye.D. The New York Times.6. Why is former President Barack Obama mentioned?A. To show Barack Obama's support in li
23、terature.B. To prove Toni Morrison' greatness as a writer.C. To stress Toni Morrison' contribution to America.D. To remind readers of the skin color of Barack Obama.7. What can we infer from John Leonard's words?A. He thought highly of Morrison.B. He rejected the book The Bluest Eye.C. T
24、he book The Bluest Eye made him painful.D. Toni Morrison's book was hard to understand. C（哈师大附中2020年高三第四次模拟考试）话题：主要记叙了最近17岁的Stiles带着3岁的弟弟James去了她的高中上课。难度：建议用时：6分Recently Stiles aged 17 took her 3-year-old brother, James, to her high school. A family emergency prevented her parents from being abl
25、e to pick up James. So they asked Stiles to step in.“This was a one-time event; we have never had her get him from school other than this day. But it was an emergency,” her mother said. “I figured she had gone to get him and taken him home. Later that day I saw the picture online and realized that s
26、he had taken him back to school.”Little James quickly fell asleep in his big sisters arms at the high school.She didnt want to be counted absent or miss any work. Stiles was studying to be a nurse. She was in her class, and the teacher gladly welcomed her little brother in. He was so tired from his
27、school that he slept most of the class. She not only helped her family out but returned to her responsibility at school.Her teacher was very supportive and didnt mind him being in the class at all. He slept most of the time and if he had become a problem she would have taken him out. She attends an
28、amazing school that clearly sees the value in family and education.Her mom said she can now put to rest any worries shes had that the 14-year age gap between Stiles and James would keep them from being close. As a mom, she was thankful that they had this kind of relationship, and she prayed it would
29、 always stay this way.4. Why did Stiles parents ask her for help?A. Her family was in trouble.B. She was close to being an adult.C. Her brother refused to attend school.D. Her parents couldnt collect James.5. Where did Stiles want to work when she grew up?A. In a hospital.B. In a school.C. In a fact
30、ory.D. In a shop.6. What was Stiles teachers attitude to her act?A. Opposed.B. Critical.C. Ambiguous.D. Approving.7. What once made Stiles mother concerned?A. Stiles bad performance in the key school.B. Stiles identity of being a senior high student.C. Stiles terrible relationship with her classmate
31、s.D. The age difference between Stiles and her brother. D（江西师大附中 2020 届高三三模英语考试卷）话题：文章讲述了发生在加州的一次严重的大火。难度：建议用时：6分Wildfires were rapidly spreading through northern and southern California as powerful winds swept through the state, burning homes and forcing more than 200,000 people to leave their home
32、s. Thousands of structures were destroyed in the massive fires. Firefighters and volunteers worked around the clock, risking their lives to save others, although thick clouds of wildfire smoke hung in the air.But it's not just humans in dangers path. A video of a horse running away from the resc
33、ue team to find his family of horses from CBS Los Angeles went viral. The public was touched by the horse's heroic act and shared their thoughts on the Internet.Volunteers were rescuing several horses from the wildfire when one of the horses jumped away from the group. They were trying to help t
34、he horse, but he refused. They probably had no idea what was wrong with the horse, who just started running away from them. The horse raced back into danger to lead his family to safety, despite rescuers' best efforts to stop him. He knew he couldn't leave them behind. As the tension increas
35、ed, several human strangers jumped in to help the animals they went back to the burning barn where some of the horses remained.You can watch the horse run back into the smoke-filled area, reconnect with the horses inside the fence, and quickly accompany them out of the fenced-off area. Though it'
36、;s not clear from the video, CBS Los Angeles reported that all but one of the horses involved were saved. Disastrous as the California wildfires have been, the video and countless other rescue stories humans and animals alike are shining light on all acts of goodness taking place.24. What does the a
37、uthor intend to show by telling the wildfires in detail in Para. 1?A. What caused the big wildfires.B. How serious the wildfires were.C. What rescuers did in the wildfires.D. How rapidly the wildfires spread.25. What does the underlined phrases ''went viral'' mean?A. Turned bad.B. Go
38、t attacked.C. Became interesting.D. Grew popular.26. Which words can best describe the horse?A Loyal but stubborn.B. Caring and courageous.C. Responsible and clever.D. Flexible but aggressive.27. What message does the author want to convey?A. Fighting disasters needs joint efforts.B. Animals are alw
39、ays friends of man.C. All good deeds deserve to be praised.D. Animals show goodness to each other. E（黑龙江省实验中学2020高三期末英语冲刺仿真模拟训练试题六）话题：文章主要讲述了作者认为自然主义者是天生的难度：建议用时：6分Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.Although we were all brought up in the same way, my
40、brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large f
41、amily of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into var
42、ied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other peoples observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, wh
43、ich some might honour with the title of scientific research.But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only se
44、lfdiscipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.4. What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?A. Wildlife.B. Music.C. Languages.D. Literature.5. Why ca
45、nt the author remember his relatives clearly?A. He didnt live with them for long.B. The family was extremely large.C. He was fully occupied with observing nature.D. He was too young when he lived with them.6. According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?A. Bei
46、ng knowledgeable.B. Being selfdisciplined.C. Being full of ambition.D. Being full of enthusiasm.7. Why does the author say he is a naturalist not a scientist?A. He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.B. He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.C. He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.D. He thinks he just reads about other peoples observations.