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1、热点09 阅读理解【命题趋势】1. 考点趋势：今后对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点，同时还需关注对主旨大意题和文章结构题的考查。2. 理解层次趋势：表层意义理解题减少，深层含义理解题增多。考查难度有所增加，由简单寻找信息向多层次细节推理的趋势比较明显。3. 信息量和词汇量：阅读理解材料信息浓缩，词汇总量减少，但对词汇量的考查在加大，非考纲词汇有所增加(主要为词根加上前、后缀或有词义转化的词)。旨在引导学生掌握词汇的合成、派生和转化，让考生能通过上下文或构词法来理解词汇的含义。考试说明中根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义这一新要求预示对能力要求有所提高。4. 句子的难度：长句增多，句子难度
2、加大。复合句、省略句、倒装句和插入语等语言现象普遍。5. 体裁和题材：继续体现体裁和题材多样化，并彰显英语国家语言与文化特点，强化文化意识的渗透。题材涉猎广泛，体现语言是文化的载体这一理念。【满分技巧】一、细节理解类题型一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提
3、问：1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.All of the following are true except.4.According to the passage, when/where/why/how/how/what/which, etc.?二、推理判断类题型推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或
4、弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1. We can infer from the Passage that_.2. What can be inferred from the Passage?3. Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.5. The author suggests in this paragraph tha
5、t_.6. The writer implies that_.7. It can be inferred that_.8. It can be concluded from the Passage that_.9. On the whole, we can conclude that_.10. From the text we can conclude that_.11. After reading the Passage we may conclude that_.12. What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13. The author
6、 is inclined to think that_.14. When the writer talks about, what he really means is that _.15. Whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?16. In the writers opinion,.三、词义猜测类题型阅读理解题中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思。历年英语高考题中均有此类题目，有的文章尽管没有专门设题，但由于文章中常常出现生词，因此，词义的猜测还是贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。解这类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词法去猜测。判断一个单词的意思
7、不但离不开句子，而且还需要把句子放在上下文中，根据上下文提供的线索加以猜测。运用构词法,语境等推测关键词义。四、主旨大意类题型主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。怎样把握主旨大意题呢？通常有以下几种方法：（一）阅读文章的标题或副标题文章的标题是一篇文章的题眼，通过阅读标题或副标题可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。（二）寻找文章的主题句分析篇章结构，找出文章主题。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过仔细阅读短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主题句来归纳出文章的主题.若短文由若干
8、段组成，除仔细阅读第一段的首句外，还须仔细阅读每一段的第一句，即段落中心。通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，有时也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用来说明和阐述主题句。因此，在确定文章的中心思想时，要求学生重视阅读文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常贯穿在全文中，因此要求学生综观全文，对段落的内容要融会贯通，对文章透彻理解后归纳总结。主题句的特点是：1. 相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；2. 主题句一般结构简单；3. 段落中其他句子必定是用来解释，支撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的。【热点话题】应用文广告类、记叙文人物故事类、说明文科技环保类、议论文社会现象类【限时检测】（建议用时：3
9、0分钟）A（2020·山东昌乐二中高三期末）话题：应用文广告类难度：建议用时：5分This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat!Traditional Air Conditioners (AC) are outdated. Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative. With over million units sold worldwide, this device is becoming one of the most succes
10、sful gadgets of 2019. EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer!What Are We Talking About?Meet the new AirFreez! Its a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights! The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who realized that AC units are super inefficient and cost a lot of mon
11、ey to use. The engineers also discovered that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with.So, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! Its tiny, easy to
12、use and it can cool you in seconds!What Is So Special About This Little Box?The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price.It is no larger than a lunchbox. Besides, it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack.And the price is just amazing. AirFreez costs less than $100 (Ac
13、tually $53 for each if you buy more than one here). No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills. For a Cooling unit of this quality, this must be the single best price-quality AC unit there is!How Can You Get An AirFreez?Here is how to get one order it from the Official Website for BEST PR
14、ICE.5Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez?ASmart but fragile.BCostly but multi-functional.CFoldable and durable.DHandy and energy-saving.6What can we learn about AirFreez?AIt costs less than $53.BIt requires no complex installation.CIt doesnt consume electricity.DIt is a little la
15、rger than a lunch box.7What is the purpose of this passage?ATo advertise Airfreez.BTo explain the functions of AirFreez.CTo introduce the inventors of AirFreez.DTo compare AirFreez with traditional AC【答案】5D6B7A【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一种新型便捷节能的空气冷却箱AirFreez。5细节理解题。根据第三段“they designed this light-weight, por
16、table Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model!他们设计了这种轻便的便携式的空气冷却箱，它有使用非常少的电力和不会牺牲任何一个顶级AC模式等主要优点”可知AirFreez是方便和节能的，故D为正确答案。6细节理解题。文章中没有提到具体价格，故A选项错误，由第三段中“It uses a very small amount of electricity”这句可知C选项错误，根
17、据倒数第四段中“It is no larger than a lunchbox.”这句可知D选项错误，根据倒数第三段“No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills.没有杂乱的安装，没有昂贵的电费”，可知AirFreez不需要复杂的安装，故B为正确答案。7推理判断题。根据最后一段“Here is how to get one order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE这是如何下单的方式：从官网下单可享受最佳价格”可知这篇文章的目的是为AirFreez做广告，故答案为A选项。B（2
18、020·山东高三三模）话题：新闻报道，议论文社会现象类难度：建议用时：5分 Teenagers may not know the name Kevin Mayer, but he's about to play an outsize role in their lives.The longtime leader of the Walt Disney Company just became the CEO of TikTok (抖音).In doing so, Mayer will lake charge of an app whose influence over a lot
19、 of people has made it one of the most influential ，although controversial(有争议的) ,platforms of the era.Mayer has been with Disney since the early 1990sminus a period as the CEO of Pand hes helped to acquire some important brands in film industry. More recently he's become known for his key role
20、in the launch of the ll-important Disney Plus streaming service.Mayer was thought to be among the most obvious potential successors to outgoing CEO Bob Iger, but he was passed over for Bob Chapek，who ran Disney' theme parks unit.Mayer's departure from Disney may not be a surprise,but his mov
21、e to TikTok is unexpected. The app, owned by China-based ByteDance, is at a crucial moment in its short historyseeing enormous growth during the pandemic lockdowns but facing increasing criticism over its data-collection practices. As it rises in influence ,the company will surely face a growing dru
22、mbeat of intense media and strict monitoring.In contrast, Disney has never been more delicate, with the coronavinus pandemic having broken nearly all of its core business units, from the close down of theme parks and movie theaters to ongoing interruptions to its production schedules. Mayer，whatever
23、 else is motivating the move, is hopping( 跳) to another position at a proper time.11What's the text mainly about?AThe job-hopping of a CEO.BThe rising influence of TikTok.CThe decline of the Walt Disney Company .DThe intense competition between companies.12What's the likely reason for Mayer&
24、#39;s departure from Disney?AHe had been offered a higher salaryBHe wasn't qualified for his previous job.CHe preferred a new career concerning teenagers.DHe failed to succeed Bob Iger as a CEO of Disney.13What do we know about TikTok according to the text?APotential but delicate.BProfitable but
25、 immoral.CPopular but controversial.DProfessional but addictive.14What is the purpose of the text?ATo advertise for Disney.BTo report of news.CTo recommend a new app.DTo compare two companies.【答案】11A12D13C14B【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了迪士尼公司的高级副总裁凯文梅耶尔从迪士尼跳槽至抖音，担任该公司的CEO。11主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的“The longtime le
26、ader of the Walt Disney Company just became the CEO of TikTok”可知，迪士尼公司的长期领导者（凯文梅耶尔）刚刚成为抖音的CEO，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是梅耶尔从迪士尼跳槽至抖音，担任该公司的CEO，故A项正确。12细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Mayer was thought to be among the most obvious potential successors to outgoing CEO Bob Iger, but he was passed over for Bob Chapek”可知，梅耶尔被认为是即将卸任的C
27、EO鲍勃伊格尔的潜在继任者之一，但他被鲍勃查贝克所取代， 紧接着第五段第一句“Mayer's departure from Disney may not be a surprise”说梅耶尔离开迪士尼也许并不奇怪，由此可知，梅耶尔离开迪士尼是因为他没能接替鲍勃·伊格尔成为迪斯尼的CEO，故D项正确。13细节理解题。根据第二段中的“one of the most influential ，although controversial(有争议的) ,platforms of the era”可知，抖音平台极具影响力（很受欢迎）但备受争议，故C项正确。14推理判断题。通读全文可知，
28、本文主要介绍了迪士尼公司的高级副总裁凯文梅耶尔从迪士尼跳槽至抖音，担任该公司的CEO，是一篇新闻报道，因此文章的目的就是报道梅耶尔跳槽的新闻，故B项正确。C（天津市宝坻一中2019届高三第三次模拟）话题：记叙文。主要讲叙了作者上大学时在一家卖甜甜圈和咖啡的商店做兼职的故事难度：建议用时：5分I Was the Doughnut LadyIn university I had a part-time job at a shop that sold doughnut s and coffee. Situated on a block where several buses stopped, it
29、served the people who had a few minutes to wait for their bus.Every afternoon around four o'clock, a group of school children would burst into the shop, and business would come to a stop. Adults would glance in, see the crowd and pass on. But I didn't mind if the children waited for their bu
30、s inside. Sometimes I would hand out a bus fare when a ticket went missing-always repaid the next day. On snowy days I would give away some doughnuts. I would lock the door at closing time, and we waited in the warm shop until their bus finally arrived.I enjoyed my young friends, but it never occurr
31、ed to me that I played an important role in their livesuntil one afternoon when a man came and asked if I was the girl working on weekdays around four o'clock. He identified himself as the father of two of my favorites.“I want you to know I appreciate what you do for my children. I worry about t
32、hem taking two buses to get home. It means a lot that they can wait here and you keep an eye on them. When they are with the doughnut lady, I know they are safe.” I told him it wasn't a big deal, and that I enjoyed the kids.So I was the Doughnut Lady. I not only received a title, but became a la
33、ndmark. Now I think about all the people who keep an eye on my own children. They become, well, Doughnut Ladies. Like the men a t the skating rink, who let my boys ring home; Or the bus driver who drove my daughter to her stop at the end of the route at night but wouldn't leave until I arrived t
34、o pick her up; Or that nice police officer who took pity on my boys walking home in the rain when I was at workeven though the phone rang all the next day with calls from curious neighbors. “Was that a police car I saw at your house last night?”That wasn't a police car. That was a Doughnut Lady.
35、1According to the passage, the author sometimes _.Asold bus tickets to the childrenBgave the children free doughnutsCdid business with the children's helpDcalled the children's parents to pick them up2By saying “.it wasn't a big deal (Para. 4),” the author meant that _.Ashe hadn't do
36、ne anything significantBshe hadn't spent much time with the childrenCshe hadn't made a lot of money from the childrenDshe hadn't found it hard to get along with the children3What can we learn about the police officer? _AHe took the boys to the police station.BHe helped the boys look for
37、their mother.CHe drove the boys back home in a police car.DHe managed to make sure of the boys' identity.4Why did the neighbors call the next day?AThey called to comfort them.BThey tried to make sure they were fine.CThey wanted to confirm it was really a police car.DThey wondered what the police
38、 brought them on such a rainy night.5The passage suggests that _.Arunning a business requires skillBtaking responsibility is a moral virtueCdevotion should be everything in lifeDthere are always no small acts of kindness.【答案】1B2A3C4B5D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者上大学时在一家卖甜甜圈和咖啡的商店做兼职，每天下午都会来一群学生，作者让他们在店里等车，
39、有时还会给他们免费的甜甜圈，作者不觉得这是什么大事，直到一位孩子的父亲某天来感激作者，说作者为他们做的事情意义重大。这也让作者想起了生活中无数微小但意义重大的善举。1细节理解题。根据第二段中“On snowy days I would give away some doughnuts.(在下雪天，我会分发一些甜甜圈)”可知，作者有时会给孩子们免费的甜甜圈。故选B。2词句猜测题。根据第三段中“it never occurred to me that I played an important role in their lives(我从来没有想过我在他们的生活中扮演了重要的角色)”；第四段中“I
40、 want you to know I appreciate what you do for my children. I worry about them taking two buses to get home. It means a lot that they can wait here and you keep an eye on them. When they are with the doughnut lady, I know they are safe.(我想让你知道我很感激你为我的孩子们所做的一切。我担心他们坐两辆公共汽车回家。他们可以在这里等着，你可以看着他们，这对他们来说意
41、义重大。当他们和甜甜圈女郎在一起时，我知道他们是安全的)”以及“I told him it wasn't a big deal, and that I enjoyed the kids.(我告诉他这没什么大不了的，我很喜欢孩子们)”可推知，作者不觉得自己给来店里的孩子甜甜圈是什么大事，也没想过自己在他们的生活中扮演了重要的角色，只是因为喜欢孩子，故作者这句话的意思是“她做的不是什么大事”。故选A。3推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Was that a police car I saw at your house last night?(我昨晚在你家看到的是一辆警车吗？)”可推知，这位警官用
42、警车把孩子们送回家。故选C。4细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Or that nice police officer who took pity on my boys walking home in the rain when I was at workeven though the phone rang all the next day with calls from curious neighbors. Was that a police car I saw at your house last night?(还有那位好心的警官，他同情我的孩子们在我上班的时候冒雨走回家，尽管隔天电话铃响个不停
43、，都是好奇的邻居打来的。他们问我昨晚在你家看到的是一辆警车吗？)”可知，第二天邻居打电话来，是因为他们试图确保他们没事。故选B。5推理判断题。根据文章主要讲叙了作者上大学时在一家卖甜甜圈和咖啡的商店做兼职，每天下午都会来一群学生，作者让他们在店里等车，有时还会给他们免费的甜甜圈，作者不觉得这是什么大事，直到一位孩子的父亲某天来感激作者，说作者为他们做的事情意义重大。这也让作者想起了生活中无数微小但意义重大的善举。可推知，文章表明，善行总是无小事。故选D。D（2020·天津耀华中学高三一模）话题：说明文。文章主要讲了消费者对新技术形式的行为会随着时间的推移而改变。难度：建议用时：5分
44、A remote control is seemingly capable of invisible magic to most of us. We just assume it should. And the longer a given technology exits, the more we take it for granted.Consider for a moment a split screen showing modem remote control users versus the first remote control users: the original users
45、 would be carefully aiming the remote directly at the television, reading the names of the buttons to find the right one, and intentionally pressing the button with a force that adds nothing to the effectiveness of the device. The modern users would be leaning on a sofa, pointing the remote any whic
46、h way instinctively （本能的）feeling for the button they desired, intuiting（凭直觉知道）its size,shape, and position on the remote.Humans are known for being handy with tools, so it is no surprise that we get so comfortable with our technology. However, as we become increasingly comfortable with how to use ne
47、w technologies, we become less aware of how they work. Most people who use modern technology know nothing of its underlying science. They have spent neither mental nor financial resources on its development. And yet, rather than be humbled（使谦逊）by its originality, we consumers often become unfairly d
48、emanding of what our technology Should do for us.Many of the landmark inventions of the twentieth century followed predictable tracks: initial versions of each technology (television, video games, computers, cell phones, etc.) succeeded in impressing the general public. Then, these wonderful new inventions quickly became commonplace