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1、热点11 语法填空【命题趋势】在一篇约200词左右的短文中留出10个空白，部分空白后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。作为高考新题型的语法填空试题，近年高考英语该题型具有下面这些特点：文章以记叙文和说明文为主，文章长度控制在190220词，10道题中，有67个试题给出提示词，要求考生；考查的要点分为词法和语法两部分，词法部分包括：1)词类的转换，结合语境考查给出的提示词的名词、形容词或副词变化；2)介词的固定搭配，名词的复数形式及
2、运用；语法部分包括：时态和语态的综合运用，非谓语动词，各种从句等。 从近年课标卷的语法填空试题看，给出提示词的考点主要包括：词类的转换(名词与动词的转换，形容词与副词的转换）；形容词比较级与最高级的变化；名词单复数的变化；动词的时态语态、情态动词和虚拟语气、谓语动词与非谓语动词的变化等。给出提示词考点多为实词，所填写的词汇根据语境和短文或对话内容可以是13个单词。挖空分布均匀，考点的安排注重多样化。不给提示词的考点主要包括：连词（并列连词和从属连词）、介词（动词与介词的搭配、介词与名词的搭配、代词和冠词等。【满分技巧】当句子缺少谓语动词时， 括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时，要根据语境确定用哪种
3、时态，根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态。具体解题技巧如下：第一步：确定句中是否缺谓语或并列谓语，如缺谓语动词，则填谓语动词。第二步：若为谓语动词，就要看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语态，同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态。第三步：要注意主谓一致。当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用动名词 (表一般意义)或不定式形式(表具体意义)；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；作伴随状语或作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去
4、分词；有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如see/hear/ notice sb.do/doing sth., spend.doing sth.等。具体解题技巧如下：第一步：若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，应为非谓语动词。第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式形式，作主语或宾语用ing形式或不定式，在enjoy, finish等动词后作宾语用ing形式，在decide, refuse等动词后作宾语要用不定式形式等等。 第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。 第四步：
5、根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。【解题技巧】 当括号中所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语境，理解句意，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得通，就很可能填该词的比较级(或最高级)；若需要用与该词意义相反的词逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀。注意：要善于分析语境，辨别省略了than.的隐性比较级。具体解题技巧如下：第一步：分析结构，确定所给词在句子中作定语还是状语。第二步：根据结构、语境或句子意义确定是填比较级还是最高级。当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要词类转化。我们可据以下3条规则顺利解题：(1
6、)作主语或宾语用名词形式；(2)作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式；(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用副词形式。具体解题技巧如下：第一步：分析结构，确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、作主语和宾语的补足语，一般要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词或副词，或修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词；作主语或宾语用名词，或者在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，用名词。第二步：根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。注意：1. 有时不但要注意词性转换，而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀， 其逻辑意义才通顺；2. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时， 无需改变词性，
7、 就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了。【热点话题】哲理故事类、科技环保类、社会现象类。【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（2020届山东省潍坊一中高考考前模拟（三）话题：这是一篇说明文。主要说明了联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会在阿塞拜疆首都巴库举行的第43届会议上，于周六宣布中国良渚遗址为世界遗产。难度：建议用时：6分阅读下面文，在空处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinas Liangzhu Archaeological Site _36_(declare) on the list of World Heritage sites on Saturday by UNESC
8、Os World Heritage Committee during its 43rd session in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.The site, _37_is located in Yuhang District in Hangzhou City in Chinas eastern Zhejiang Province, showcases the civilization of prehistoric rice agriculture between 3,300 B.C. _38_ 2,300 B.C. The ruins of ancient
9、Liangzhu city were discovered in 2007, and then large dam sites _39_(surround) the Liangzhu ancient city were unearthed continuously after 2009. It was _40_ (official) submitted lo UNESCO in 2019, hoping to win _41_ (recognize) as a World Cultural Heritage Site. The site _42_ (include) archaeologica
10、l remains and unearthed cultural relics of the Liangzhu Ancient City as well as a wetland that covers _43_ area of 908. 89 hectares in a plain river network. It is also found that the Liangzhu ancestors started to use characters about 5 ,000 years ago, 1 ,000 years _44_ (early) than previously thoug
11、ht, according to Colin Renfrew, a retired professor of archaeology at the University of Cambridge.The World Heritage Committee added Liangzhu to the UNESCO list_45_ (encourage) better protection of the site, considered to be of “outstanding universal value” to humanity.【答案】36. was declared 37. which
12、 38. and 39. surrounding 40. officially 41. recognition 42. includes 43. an 44. earlier 45. to encourage【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会在阿塞拜疆首都巴库举行的第43届会议上，于周六宣布中国良渚遗址为世界遗产。同时说明了良渚遗址的一些情况。【36题详解】考查动词时态语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据时间状语on Saturday可知为一般过去时，主语为Liangzhu Archaeological Site，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was
13、declared。【37题详解】考查定语从句关系词。本句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词site，且先行词在从句中做主语，表示“遗址”故用关系代词which。故填which。【38题详解】考查连词。根据固定短语betweenand“在之间”。故填and。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2007年发现良渚古城遗址，2009年以后，围绕良渚古城的大型水坝遗址陆续出土。分析句子结构可知surround在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语dam sites构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填surrounding。【40题详解】考查副词。句意：它于2019年正式提交联合国教科文组织，希望获得世界文化遗产的认可
14、。修饰句中动词submit应用副词，故填officially。【41题详解】考查名词。此处做win的宾语，且表示“认可”应用名词recognition。故填recognition。【42题详解】考查动词时态。本空为句子的谓语动词，且结合语境描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为site，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填includes。【43题详解】考查冠词。area为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且area为元音音素开头的单词。cover an area of指占地面积，故填an。【44题详解】考查形容词比较级。根据后文than previously thought可知应用形容词比较级，故填e
15、arlier。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词added，分析句子结构可知encourage在句中做非谓语动词，且做目的状语故用不定式。故填to encourage。【点睛】当分词做状语的时候，如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系，就使用现在分词做状语；当二者构成被动关系，使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系，可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。如第四小题，分析句子结构可知surround在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语dam sites构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填surrounding。B（2020届上海师
16、范大学附属中学高三下学期第二次阶段测试）话题：本文是一篇记叙文，记述了 David Attenborough在达沃斯等论坛发言，呼吁各国领导行动起来，保护地球。难度：建议用时：6分Voice for the PlanetIt's the voice you notice first. In person, David Attenborough speaks in the same awestruck hush he has used in dozens of nature documentaries, a crisp half whisper _1_ is often imitated
17、 but seldom matched. Sitting in his home in the Richmond neighbourhood of west London for one in a series of conversations, I feel obliged to drink _2_ second cup of tea when he offers. It somehow seems wrong to say no. In his native U. K. Attenborough is held in the kind of respect usually _3_ (res
18、erve) for royalty. Over decades - first as a television executive, then as a wildlife filmmaker and recently as a kind of elder statesman for the planet - he has achieved near saintly（圣人的）status. He was knighted（封为骑士）by the Queen in 1985 and _4_ (usually refer) to as Sir David.Attenborough pioneered
19、 a style of wildlife film-making that brought viewers to remote landscapes and gave them a close perspective on the wonders of nature. In the autumn of his life, Attenborough has largely moved away from _5_ these films are made but lends his storytelling abilities to wildlife documentaries in collab
20、oration with filmmakers his storytelling abilities to wildlife documentaries in collaboration with filmmakers he has mentored. His most famous work, the 2006 BBC series Planet Earth, set a benchmark in the use of high-definition cameras and had a budget equal to _6_ of a Hollywood movie. Among its h
21、ighlights _7_ (be) the first footage of a snow leopard, the impossibly rare Asian wildcat that hunts high in the Himalayas. More than a decade _8_ it was first released, Planet Earth remains among the all-time best-selling nonfiction DVDs. Now Attenborough is putting his voice and the weight of auth
22、ority he has accumulated to greater moral purpose. In recent months he has stood _9_ powerful audiences at the 2018 U. N. climate talks in Katowice, Poland, and the 2019 World Economic Forum at Davos, in Switzerland, to urge them into action on climate change. These kinds of event are not his chosen
23、 habitat, Attenborough tells TIME. "I would much prefer not to be a sign- _10_ (carry) conservationist. My life is the natural world. But I can't not carry a placard（标语牌）if I see what's happening."【答案】1. that/which 2. a 3. reserved 4. is usually referred 5. where 6. that 7. was 8.
24、after 9. in front of 10. carrying【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者采访了给行星地球配音的David Attenborough，介绍了他的成就，并提到他为地球发声，在达沃斯等论坛发言，呼吁各国领导行动起来，保护地球。【1题详解】考查限定性定语从句。分析可知 is often imitated but seldom matched是限定性定语从句，先行词a crisp half whisper 指物，引导词在从句中做主语，应该用which或that引导这个定语从句。故填which/that。【2题详解】考查冠词。此处指“第二杯茶”，a cup of“一杯”符合句意，故
25、填a。【3题详解】考查过去分词做定语。分析可知本句的谓语动词是is held, reserve在句中做respect的后置定语为非谓语，reserve与逻辑主语respect之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应该用其过去分词形式，故填reserved。【4题详解】考查语态和时态。分析可知refer在句中做谓语动词，与主语He之间是被动关系，要用被动语态。根据状语usually（通常）可知这里要用一般现在时，故填is usually referred。【5题详解】考查连接副词。句意：在他生命的秋天，Attenborough已经很大程度上离开了这些电影的拍摄地。分析可知 _5_ these films ar
26、e made做介词from的宾语是一个宾语从句。结合句意，空格处在从句中做地点状语应该用连接副词where引导这个宾语从句，故填where。【6题详解】考查代词。句意：他最著名的作品是2006年英国广播公司(BBC)的行星地球(Planet Earth)系列，其在高清摄像机的使用方面树立了一个标杆，并且它的预算相当于一部好莱坞电影（的预算）。根据句意，空格处应该用一个代词来指代前文中的a budget, 此处是同类比较，结合空格处后的of可知这里应该填that。that of搭配在一起可以用来代替前面的某个内容。故填that。7题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。分析可知Among its highl
27、ights _7_ (be) the first footage of a snow leopard,是个倒装句，be在句中做谓语，the first footage of a snow leopard是主语，表示单数意义，谓语动词也要用单数。此句是关于the 2006 BBC series Planet Earth（2006年BBC的行星地球系列），发生在过去，所以时态为一般过去时。故填was。【8题详解】考查连词。句意：行星地球发行十多年后，它仍是有史以来最畅销的非小说类DVD之一。分析可知 it was first released是个从句，要用一个连词引导这个从句。根据句意，这里指的“
28、行星地球发行十多年以后”，连词after意为“在之后”符合句意，故填after。【9题详解】考查介词词组。句意：最近几个月，他在波兰卡托维兹举行的2018年联合国气候会谈和瑞士达沃斯举行的2019年世界经济论坛上，站在有影响力的听众面前，敦促他们就气候变化采取行动。根据句意，这里要表达的是“站在听众前”，in front of意为“在前面”符合句意，故填in front of。【10题详解】考查现在分词。句意：我非常希望不要成为一个带有标志的环境保护主义者。修饰名词conservationist应该用形容词，所以空格处要和sign组成一个形容词表示“带有标志的”，故用其现在分词形式，故填car
29、rying。C（浦东复旦附中分校 2020 届三月质量检测英语试卷）话题：这是一篇演讲稿。本文主要讲述杰昆·菲尼克斯在获得奥斯卡最佳男演员奖后，发表了关于平等和自然保护的演讲。难度：建议用时：6分阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Joaquin Phoenix took home the best-actor Oscar on Sunday night for his role in “Joker.” In the following lengthy and wide-ranging speech, the actor, 45, tackled issu
30、es of equality and nature preservation.Im full of so much gratitude right now. And I do not feel elevated above any of my fellow nominees (被提名者) or anyone in this room _1_ we share the same love, the love of film.But I think the greatest gift its given me, and many of us in this room, _2_ (be) the o
31、pportunity to use our voice for the voiceless. And this form of expression has given me the most extraordinary life. I dont know what Id be _3_ it.Ive been thinking a lot about some of the _4_ (distress) issues that we are facing collectively. I think at times were made _5_ (feel), that we champion
32、different causes. But for me, I see commonality. I think, _6_were talking about gender inequality or racism or animal rights, were talking about the fight against injustice. Were talking about the fight against the belief that one nation, one race, or one gender or one species has the right to domin
33、ate, control and exploit _7_ without punishment.I think that weve become very disconnected from the natural world, and _8_ were guilty of is a self-centered world view that we're the center of the universe.And I think we fear the idea of personal change because we think that we have to sacrifice
34、 something, but human beings, at our best, are so inventive and creative and original. And I think that when we use love and compassion as our guiding principles, we can create, and implement systems of change _9_ are beneficial to all emotional beings and to the environment.Now, I have been, I have
35、 been a villain in my life. Ive been selfish. Ive been cruel at times, hard to work with, and Im grateful that I _10_ (give) a second chance because of the many of you in this room.【答案】1. because 2. is 3. without 4. distressing 5. to feel 6. whether 7. another 8. what 9. that/which 10. have been giv
36、en【解析】这是一篇演讲稿。本文主要讲述杰昆·菲尼克斯在获得奥斯卡最佳男演员奖后，发表了关于平等和自然保护的演讲。【1题详解】考查原因状语从句。分析句子结构可知，“we share the same love, the love of film.”在句中作状语，表达的是“我们分享着同样的爱，对电影的热爱。”，是对“And I do not feel elevated above any of my fellow nominees (被提名者) or anyone in this room”表达的“我并不觉得比其他的被提名者或者在这间房里的任何人更高尚”的原因进行解释说明，需用从属连词
37、because。故填because。【2题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，be动词在句中作谓语，根据主句中谓语动词think是一般现在时，be动词需使用一般现在时，主语是the greatest gift，是单数，故be动词需用is体现单数。故填is。【3题详解】考查介词。句意：我不知道没有它的话我会成为什么样。分析句子可知，空格处缺失介词，根据句意，需用介词without表示无，没有的意思。故填without。【4题详解】考查形容词。分析句子可知，名词issues需用形容词修饰，distress是动词，需转换为形容词 distressing，表示使人心烦的。故填distres
38、sing。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词feel在句中作宾语，在谓语动词make的被动结构中，宾语前需将省略的动词不定式to加上。故填to feel。【6题详解】考查让步状语从句。分析句子结构可知，“were talking about gender inequality or racism or animal rights”在句中作状语，表达的是“我们正在讨论关于性别不平等，或者种族歧视或者动物权利”，和“were talking about the fight against injustice.”表达的“我们都是在讨论对不公平的反对”是一种选择性让步关系，需用whet
39、her进行引导状语从句。故填whether。【7题详解】考查代词。句意：我们一直在讨论的是关于某个国家，某个种族，或者某种性别或者某种物种可以在不受到惩罚的情况下有权去支配，控制和剥削任何人或物的这种信仰的反对。分析句子可知，空格处在句中缺失代词作宾语，根据句意，空格处需用another对任何一个（人或物）的指代。故填another。【8题详解】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_8_ were guilty of”在句中作主语，是主语从句，主语从句中缺失宾语，需用连接代词what表示。故填what。【9题详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_9_ are beneficial to al
40、l emotional beings and to the environment.”在句中作限定性定语从句，修饰名词systems，先行词systems在定语从句中作主语，指代的是物，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。【10题详解】考查动词时态和语态。分析句子可知，动词give在句子作谓语，由前一句的谓语动词时态是现在完成时可知，动词give需用现在完成时时态have given，动词give和主语I之间是被动关系，需用被动结构be given，和现在完成时时态结合为have been given。故填have been given。D（北京市清华大学中学生标准
41、学术能力诊断性测试2020年11月测试高三英语试题）话题：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了重阳节的一些习俗活动。难度：建议用时：6分阅读下列短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Double Ninth Festival _41_ (celebrate) on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. It is also known _42_ the Senior Citizens Festival. The festival _43_ (base) on the theory of Yin and Yang, the two opp
42、osing principles in nature. The ancients believed that all natural _44_ (phenomenon) could be explained by this theory. Numbers are related to this theory. Even numbers belong to Yin and odd numbers to Yang. The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is a day _45_ the two Yang numbers meet. So it is cal
43、led Chongyang._46_ (appreciate) chrysanthemum (菊花) and drinking chrysanthemum wine have always been a tradition during the Double Ninth Festival. Chrysanthemums are regarded as a kind of flower _47_(have) the function of an antitoxin (抗毒素) and can drive the evil away.As nine is pronounced “jiu” mean
44、ing long in Chinese, so people use the word jiu _48_(express)the meaning of longevity with a persons life. In the year of 1989, the Double Ninth Festival was designated as Seniors Day a day to respect the elderly. Members of a family also _49_ (company) their elders to have a _50_ (relax) day in a n
45、atural setting while wishing health and happiness upon them.【答案】41. is celebrated 42. as 43. is based 44. phenomena 45. when 46. Appreciating 47. having 48. to express 49. accompany 50. relaxing【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了重阳节设立的理论基础，以及重阳节的一些习俗活动。【41题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：重阳节于农历九月初九庆祝。陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应
46、用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为The Double Ninth Festival，谓语动词用单数。故填is celebrated。【42题详解】考查介词。句意：它也被称为老人节。结合句意表示“被称为”可知短语为be known as。故填as。【43题详解】考查固定短语。句意：这个节日是建立在阴阳理论的基础上的，阴阳是在自然界中两个对立的原则。结合句意表示“建立在的基础上”可知短语为be based on，且此处陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为festival，谓语动词用单数。故填is based。【44题详解】考查名词的数。句意：古人相信一切自然现象都可以用这个理论来解释。phenomen
47、on为可数名词，由all修饰应用复数形式。故填phenomena。【45题详解】考查定语从句。句意：农历九月初九是两个阳数相遇的日子。此处为定语从句修饰先行词day，且先行词在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when引导。故填when。【46题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：赏菊、喝菊花酒一直是重阳节的传统。分析句子结构可知appreciate在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且此处作句子的主语，应用动名词短语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Appreciating。【47题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：菊花被认为是一种具有抗毒素和驱邪功能的花。分析句子结构可知have在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语flower构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作后置定语。故填having。【48题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为“九”在汉语中发音为“久”，所以人们用“久”这个词来表达长寿的意思。分析句子