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1、Module 12语法学案祈使句和情态动词must,can, could表示推测1 语法梳理。（一）祈使句：祈使句表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、建议、请求或命令等。祈使句一般以 开头， 时态和数的变化。常见的句型如下:1.动词原形构成的祈使句此类祈使句暗含的主语是 ，但通常 。否定句往往由do not (don't)或 开头。祈使句的句首或句末有时加please，还可以加上称呼语，用逗号与句子主体隔开。例如: Have a nice day!祝你度过美好的一天! Don't waste your time!别浪费时间了!Never be late again!再也不
2、要迟到了! Come this way, please.请走这边。Please be quiet, boys!男孩们，请安静! Make sure he's warm.确保他不受凉。Don't use the lift.不要使用电梯。2.let's构成的祈使句：这类祈使句往往用于提出建议。例如:Let's this weekend in the countryside.这周咱们到乡下度周末吧。Let's a taxi, shall we?我们坐出租车好吗?3.无动词祈使句在请求、命令和口号中，常用无动词祈使句，它实际上是省略了 ，从而使语句更简洁有力。例
3、如;Just a minute, please!请稍等!This way, please!请这边走!(二)情态动词must.can.could表示推测1.我们学习过情态动词can和could表示“能够，可以”等意义的用法。can和could还可以 表示对 或 的推测，意为“会，可能”，但can表示推测时，往往用于 和 。用于疑问句时，can比could表示的“可能性”要大，用于否定句时，cannot (can') 表示“ ”。例如:You be serious!你不是认真的吧!2.could则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。在以下例句中，can和could均表示可能: He be in
4、pain.他可能很疼。That be harmful!那可能有害! / this be true?这有可能是真的吗?3.情态动词must也可以表示猜测，意思为“一定，准是”，通常只用于 。如课文中的 例子: Betty, you must know!贝蒂，你肯定知道!请仔细对比下列一组句子:Who sent the present? it be your brother?是谁送来的礼物啊?会是你哥哥吗?(询问可能性)It be your brother. I saw him in your room just now.肯定是你哥哥，我刚才看见他在 你的房间里。(语气强烈，表示非常肯定)It b
5、e my brother. He is still in France.不可能是我哥哥，他还在法国呢。(表示不可能)4. needneed作情态动词表示“ ”，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。否定形式 或者 比较常用，表示“不需要”或“不必要”。例如:If she wants anything, she only ask.如果她要什么，说一下就行了。You wait.你不必等待。请注意:need也可以作行为动词，表示“ ”，常用于need to do sth.结构。例如: I need clean the house.我需要把房子打扫一下。You don't need leave now
6、. I's still early,你没必要现在走，还早呢。5. must,can, need的一般疑问句的构成及其回答请看下列三组例句:- Must I come before 6:30 tomorrow?明天我必须在六点半之前来吗?-Yes, you .是的，你必须在那之前到。(表示一定要)-No, you / 不，你不必在那之前来。-Can we go home now,please?请问我们现在能回家吗?-Yes,you .可以。(表示允许)-No,you .不行。(表示不允许)-Need I report it to the police?我要向警方报告这件事吗?- Yes,
7、 you .是的，你必须报告。(表示必须做)-No, you .不，没必要。(表示没必要)-May I go home now,please?请问我们现在能回家吗?-Yes,you .可以。(表示允许)-No,you .不行。(表示不允许)6. must 与have to的区别两者都表示“必须”，但must侧重于说话者的 看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事; have to侧重于 需要，含有“不得不， ”之意。例如:All passengers wear seat belts.所有乘客都要系安全带。My bike was broken yesterday, so I walk to school
8、.昨天我的自行车坏了，所以我只能走路去学校。用于否定句时，must的否定式must not (mustn't)表示“一定不要， ”;而have to 的否定式do not(don't) have to表示“ ”(= )。请比较:You tell him about it.你绝对不要告诉他这件事。(可能是秘密)You tell him about it.你不必告诉他这件事。(他可能知道了或者没有必要让他知道)7. had betterhad better表示劝告或建议，意思是“最好.”例如:You'd get some sleep.你最好睡一会儿。had better一般
9、 疑问句中，但可用于否定句中，其否定形式为had better not。例如 You'd better waste any more of your time.你最好别再浪费你的时间了。8.情态动词表可能英语中表示可能的方式有很多，有情态动词 / ，有表示可能的形容词构成的句式：It is to do sth It is that+ 从句还有通过will以及表示“可能”的副词的表达，常用的有:主语+will / +v. 等。例如:Is it to visit Alaska in December? 12月份去阿拉斯加旅游有可能吗?It is that it will snow in t
10、he night.夜里有可能会下雪。It will be cold and wet.天气很可能会又冷又湿。Complete the sentences with may or probably.1 It be cold and wet in Hong Kong in January.2 Mary will go to New York in the autumn.3 It will rain tomorrow, so I will stay at home and read a book.4 You need to take a scarf with you. It is cold.5 It
11、rain later, so take an umbrella with you.6 It will be sunny in Haikou tomorrow.2 完成句子。1.He is .他很疼。2.But he could have trouble you or to you.但是他有可能难以听到你或 者和你说话。3. he's warm, 确保他不受凉。4.That's good that you could be a doctor, Betty!这个建议非常好，贝蒂，你 都可以当医生了!5. Earthquakes always happen suddenly,so i
12、t is difficult people them.地震总是发生得很突然，所以很难给予人们预警。6. , when you are with other people.保持镇静，尤其是当身边还有 其他人的时候。7. , follow what you learned in school.总之，按照在学校所学到的(地震)知识去做。3 语法突破。1-Is that Mr Li in the classroom?-No,it _ be him. He's in the office now.Acan'tBmustn'tCneedn'tDmay not2Let'
13、;s ask the teacher for help. She _ the answer.Amust knowBmustn't knowC could knowingD can't know3I think the girl under the tree must be Alice. No,it be her.She is in the gym now.AcantBmustntCmayDmay no
14、t4“Tom, _ afraid of speaking in public. You are no longer a small boy.” said mum.Abe notBisntCdoesnt beDdont be5I heard I got a "D" in the test yesterday. It's hard to believe.It _ be true because Mrs Lee said everyone passed it.AmayBmust notCcannotDshould not6That black T-shirt with Y
15、ao Mings picture on it _ belong to David. He likes him very much.No, it _ be his. He hates black colour.Amay; cantBcan; mustntCcan; cantDmust; mustnt7I know that man. He _ be Helens father.AmayBneedCmustDcan8_ make any noise. Your mother is reading books.ANotB
16、Be notCNoDDont9Look, someone left a book.Oh, yeah This book _be Kittys. Only she likes to read this kind of books.AcanBmustCmayDmight10_ we leave the library before 5 oclock?No, you neednt. You can stay here until 5: 30.AMustBMayCCanDMight11Is that your uncle?It _be him. He is in America now.Ac
17、anBmustCcan't12This book _belong(属于) to Tim.His name is on the cover.Amustn'tBmustCcan't13 I cant find my phone anywhere. You have lost it while shopping.AmayBcanCshouldDwould14Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?Yes, you _.AmustBcanCmayDneed15It doesn't look like rain,
18、so you_ bring your umbrella with you.Ashouldn'tBmustn'tCcan'tDneedn't16Tom, _ afraid of speaking out your ideas.Adon't Bnot Cnot be Ddon't be17Is that girl under the tree Mary?No, it _ be Mary. She is in Beijing now.AcantBneedntCwouldntDshouldnt18Is that your new math teacher
19、 Miss Li?It _ be her. She has gone to Beijing for a meeting.AcantBmustntCcanDmust19Lets go dancing tonight.Sorry, I _. I have to go to a meeting.AmustntBmay notCneedntDcant20 buy your ticket from a ticket machine. There are lots of people there.ANotBNot toCDontDDont to21_ turn right!ANotBDontCIsntDM
20、ust22Lets _ TV.AwatchesBwatchCwatching23Remember _ the classroom after school. OK. I _.Acleaning; doBto clean; doCcleaning; willDto clean; will24_ right at the second crossing and you will find the hospital.ATurnBTo turnCTurningDTurns25_ late for school and listen to the teachers carefully.ADontBBeC
21、Dont beDDoesnt26 in the school library.ANot talk or eatBNot talking or eatingCDon't talk or eatDDon't talking or eating27 You can eat, but _ eat in the classroom. Sorry, Mr. Smith.AdontBdoesntCisntDarent28_ late for school again.Sorry, I won't.ANot beBDon't beCNotDDon't29Jim, _ w
22、atch TV too much. It's bad for your eyes.AdoesntBdontCcantDisnt30_ run in the hallway.Sorry, Mr.Li.ADoesntBDontCArentDIsnt31_ along Bridge Street and turn left, please.AGoingBGoesCTo goDGo32Lets _ the zoo. I want _ the tigers.Ago; seeBgo to; to seeCto go; seeDto go; to see33Let me _ these books
23、into the box.AputsBputCto putDputting34Alan, _ up now and get dressed. OK, Mom.AgetBgetsCto getDgetting35Peter, _ your hands before you eat. I see.AwashBwashesCto washDwashing36Whose notebook is this?It _ be Alans. It looks like his.AmustBcantCmightDmustnt37Dont forget to send him an e-mai
24、l on his birthday.OK, I _.AdontBcantChaventDwont38 How many points can you get in the coming English exam, dear? Sorry, Im not sure. I _ be able to get over 90.AmustBhad betterCmayDshould39Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li?No, it _ be him. Mr. Li is much taller.AmustntBmay notCcantDneednt40Wha
25、t should we do to protect the fish in the river?We throw rubbish into the river.AneedBneedn'tCmustDmustn't41You _open the door before the car stop. It's dangerous.Awon' tBmay notCmustn' tDneedn't42The British Museum is very traditional. There is no shouting and visitors make
26、a noise or touch anything.AcanBmustntCshouldDmight43It be the postman at the door. Its only five oclock in the morning.AcantBmustntCmay notDneednt44I feel tired.You _ go to bed so late.AmustBshouldntCshould45The English book _ be Mikes because I can see his name on it.AcanBshouldntCneedDmust46Paul _
27、 go into the room. He _ got a key.Acan; hasn'tBcan't; hasn'tCcan; doesn't haveDcan't; don't have47 Mum, must I stay there for the whole day? No, you _ .You _ come back after lunch, if you like.Amustn't, canBneedn't; mustCneedn't; canDmustn't; must48You should
28、_ for a walk after meals.Ato goBgoingCgoDgoes49 Excuse me. Can you tell me what time it is now?Sorry,I _. My watch doesnt work.AcantBmay notCmustntDneednt50Is that man Mr. Smith? It _ be him. He has gone to New York on business.Amay notBneedntCcantDmustnt四基础巩固。51-Must I write all the words down now?
29、 -No, you _.AmustntBcantCwontDneednt52_it be Peter? No, it_ be Peter, It _ be Tom.AMay, may not , mayBCan, cant , mayCCan, may not , canDCan, cant , can53Where are you going this month?We_ go to Xiamen, but were not sure.AneedntBmustCmightDmustnt54My home is in a small village at the _ of a huge mou
30、ntain.AedgeBpathCbottomDground55Li Ming is so careful that he always looks over his exercises to _ there are no mistakes.Amake sureBfind outCthink ofDwork out56He left school and began to work _ twelve.Aat the age ofBat the beginning ofCat the top ofDat the bottom of57Mr. White, could you give me so
31、me advice? I have in learning English. Sure. First, you should be confident and never give up. Second.AfunBtroubleCinterestDsurprise58Through the stories behind the idioms, we would be able to fully _ Chinas culture, history and tradition.AunderstandBcarryCcompareDimagine59I don't think Pau
32、l will _ his mind.I can't agree more. He never follows others' advice.AimagineBchangeCchooseDimprove60I saw a wallet _ on the ground.AliesBlyingCliedDling61-Can you _ the big stone?-No,I can't. It's too heavy.Aput upBset upClift upDgive up62-Linda,you hurt your leg yesterday. Are you
33、 still in _ pain now?-Much better.AaBanCtheD/63The boss made him _ a lot of work every day in the old days.Ato doBdoCdidDdoing64Please check your paper to _ there are no mistakes.Athink ofBtry outCfind outDmake sure65Natalia Partyka has just beaten Li Jiawei!Its hard to _ a girl with only one arm ca
34、n play pingpong so well.AimagineBrealizeCknowDfind66Mr. Wu is a _ person. You can ask him for help.AhelpfulBhealthyClazy(懒惰的)Dstrong67What do you plan to do this Saturday?It depends on the weather. If it's a _ day, I'm going to fly kites with my classmates.AcrazyBclearCbusyDrainy68On video,
35、Doctor Zhong Nanshan _ teenagers to study hard in the first lesson of this term.AallowedBtrainedCencouragedDwarned69Were you _ when you were speaking in front of so many people?Not at all. I spent plenty of time preparing for it, you know.AcalmBnervousCpatientDsurprised70 I feel very _. May I have a
36、 cake?Sure, you may take one from the fridge.AbraveBthirstyCfullDhungry71The students stopped _ when the teacher came in.AtalkBto talkCtalkingDtalked72- Who _ the girl from the fire?- A kind-hearted young man. But he lost his life.AhelpedBsavedCbroughtDcarried73It is very _ for students to read good
37、 books.AcarefulBhelpfulCeasilyDhardly74It's hot inside. Why not keep the door _?AopenedBopeningCto openDopen75 Were you when you were playing in the final? Not at all. I was quite sure that our team would win.AexcitedBinterestedCcalmDnervous76Linda is shy. She always feels _ when she speaks in f
38、ront of people.ArelaxedBnervousCproperDclear77What does “silly”mean?It has the same meaning as “ ”.AillBbrightCbraveDstupid78Lets go _ the road now. Wait a moment please. The light is red now.AacrossBthroughCunderDWith79Mr. Black used to be busy. But now hes retired and , so he has plenty of time to
39、 exer cise.AhardBcalmCfreeDnervous80The teacher told Mike _ too much time playing computer games.Adont spendBnot to spendCdoesnt spendDnot spend81Keep the door and window _. It is so cold.OK, I _.Aclosing; willBopen; doCclosed; willDopened; do82Dont _. We still have enough time.AworryBbe worryCworri
40、edDget worry83Its time for supper. Lets _ it.Astop havingBstop to haveCto stop to haveDto stop having84_ and be honest, Tom, or others wont trust you.AKeeping a secretBKeep a secretCKeeping secretsDKeep secret85It's _ interesting book that we all like it.Asuch anBso anCsuch aDso a86 Tom, _ any s
41、ugar to my coffee. OK. What about some milk in the coffee?Adoesnt addBdidnt addCnot addDdont add87 play with fire. with fire is dangerous.ADont；PlayingBNot；PlayingCDont；PlayDNot to；To play88Although the dog doesnt bark, you must _ it.Abe care forBtake care ofCbe careful ofDtake care89Lucy is _ a kind girl _ all her friends like to stay with her.Asuch; thatB