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1、L01-01 begin 1248” Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 puman. 美洲狮 spotv. 看出，发现 evidencen. 证据 accumulatev. 积累，积聚 obligev. 使感到必须 huntn. 追猎；寻找 blackberryn. 黑莓 human being人类 cornerv. 使走投无路，使陷入困境 trailn. 一串，一系列 printn. 印痕 cling (clung, clung )v. 粘 convincev.使信服 somehowadv. 不知
2、怎么搞地，不知什么原因 disturbv. 令人不安学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句型结构时则要把它放在段落结构或文章里spotv. 看出，发现pick out / see / recognize / catch sight of eg: A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.He has good eye for spotting mistakes.他有敏锐的识别错误的能力。spot(做动词时候) = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。find 强调发现的结果。find out 查出事实真相。disc
3、over 做出重大发现notice 注意到observe 观察watch 观察活动中的人或画面spot n. 斑点eg: There is a white spot on the shirt. on the spot1,立刻，马上（at once, immediately ）Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.2,at the place of the action 在现场Wherever she is needed , she is quickly on the spot.evidence un. 证据Wh
4、en the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.evidence=proofin evidence:显而易见的.He was in evidence at the party.evidently adv. evident adj.accumulate vt,vi. 积累，积聚accumulate强调积累的过程As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处collect
5、收集，采集assemble集合，集会， vt. 装配hoard大量地贮存The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter.hoard up= store upamass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）obligev. 使感到必须feel obliged to do sth.感觉有必要做某事be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事huntn. 追猎；寻找L01-01 end 1248”L01-02begin1315”run after 强调追赶、追求.seek追寻（梦想，理想） = pursue chase 追赶.hunt forsear
6、ch 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物cornerv. 使走投无路，使陷入困境corner n. 角落at the corner of the street in the corner of the room on the corner of the deskbe cornered 被逼得走投无路常用于被动语态：The thief was cornered at last.The problem cornered me. 这个问题把我难例了。trail n. 一串，一系列trail=followvt. 跟踪eg: The police trailed the criminal to the pla
7、ce where he was hiding.cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘eg: She is always clinging to her mother.He clung to the hope that he would succeed.(抱有，怀有)stick 粘住 stick to 坚持 sticky adj. 粘的convince vt. 使信服convince sb. of sth使 sb 相信 sth 和宾语从句 that 搭配使用没有 宾 语 的 情 况 下 要 采 用 主 系 表 结 构 ： be convincedsb be convicnedsb
8、相信somehowadv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因by some means, in some way, for some reason unknownsomewhat =a littledisturbv. 令人不安disturbing adj. 令人不安的disturbed感到不安的surprising令人吃惊的surprised感到吃惊的exciting令人激动的excited感到激动的【Text】 Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音, 然后回答以下问
9、题.Where must the puma have come from?Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo f
10、elt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, an
11、d experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small anim
12、als like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it
13、come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is sti
14、ll at large in the quiet countryside.【课文讲解】at large 1：逃遁的，没有被控制的。2：详细的(in detail) 3：总体来讲（as a whole）在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果。写议论文的时候要注意把握观点L01-02end 1315”L01-03begin1309”eg: Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia.life-like 栩栩如生的一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前定语从句只是对
15、于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰。同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容定语从句的引导词：指人： 主语 who; 宾语 who/whom; 定语whose表达事物：that(也可指人)/ which时间状语：when; 地点状语：where; 原因状语：why同位语从句：名词做主语、宾语时，关系词用 that 而不是 which时间 when; 地点 whereeg: An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.I have no idea what has happened to him.定语从句中没有 wha
16、t 这个关系词，但它可以引导同位语从句(An idea)come to sb.某人突然想到了take sth. seriously=deal with sth. seriously认真（严肃）对待某事take sth. lightly:草率对待某事as 随着过去分词做定语声称曾经作过某事： claim to have done sthI still remember the school where I studied English.L01-03end1309”L01-04begin1149”confirm: be sure, be certain search=hunt把某物留在后面：le
17、ave behindWherever he went, the wound soldier leftbehind him a trail of blood.伤员所到之处，都留下道道血迹。英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实，而中文则善于运用动作的执行者complain of / about :抱怨on + 名词：强调动作正在进行on the rise:在上升on the increase: 在增加on the watch: 在观看on the match:在比赛中on the fishing trip:在钓鱼的途中on holiday: 在度假fully: completely, entirel
18、yin the possession of sb=in sbs possession归某人所有in possession of sth.拥有某物take possession of拥有eg: The beautiful car is in my possession / in the possession of me.I am in possession of the beautiful car.The person in possession of the big house is excited.It is disturbing to think that 一想到就心里不安eg: It i
19、s disturbing to think that I felt my examination.熟读并背诵第一自然段总结：at largetake sth. seriously cling toleave behind complain ofin the possession of / in possession offeel obliged to investigatea woman picking blackberries a businessman on a fishing trip go on several weeksin the quiet countrysideL01-04en
20、d 1149”L01-05begin1029”【Exercises】A. Complete these sentences by adding a suitable word to the end of each one:1 What are you looking?2 Where is your mother going?3 Whom has the letter been sent?4 This is the house I was born?5 What does your decision depend? key: 1 at / for 2 to 3 to 4 in 5 onB. Wr
21、ite these sentences again changing the position of the words in italics. Where possible, omit the words whom or which.1 He is the man about whom we haveheard so much.2 The shelf on which you put those books has collapsed.3 From whom did you receive a letter?4 This is the road by which we came.5 Wher
22、e is the pencil with which you were playing?key:1 He is the man we have heard so much.2 The shelf you put those books has collapsed.3 whom did you receive a letter from?4 This is the road we came by.5 Where is the pencil you were playing?注意：3 whom 不能省略定语从句中 which 以及指代人的做宾语的 whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。省略时，介词
23、不能前置到关系代词 whom,which 前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。以 look 为例look at: 注视look for: 寻找 介词不能前置live in: 居住 介词可以前置eg: This is the old house in which he lived. / This is the old house he lived in【Multiple choice questions 】多项选择题P171. Expertseventuallydecidedto investigate.a. because they did not believe that pumas exis
24、ted in England.b. because they wanted a puma for the London Zoo.c. when a woman saw a puma in a small village.d. because peoples descriptions of the puma had a lot in common.要求陈述原因：1. Din common-similar2. What particular piece of evidence persuaded the experts that a puma had been seen in the villag
25、e?a. The puma had not attacked the woman.b. The woman had described the animal she had seen as a large cat.c. A puma had come very close to ahuman being.d. The puma had behaved like a cat.A 只是一个具体的特定的事例，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意B large cat 关键性用词2. BPumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
26、3. What was the problem the experts were unable to solve?a. How the puma had managed to cover such great distances within a day.b. How the puma had escaped from a zoo.c. Whom the puma had belonged to.d. How the puma had climbed a tree. A 文章中未提到3. C做理解题时要紧扣主题，紧扣中心大意文章最后一句话总结了大意：It is disturbing to th
27、ink that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.句型结构题和词汇题是关键4. The accumulating evidence made the expertsthe animal was a puma. (lines 4-6)a. to think b. thinking c. think d. thoughtmake make sb. do, be made to do主动语态中不定式 to 的符号应该省略被动语态中不定式 to 的符号必须补充完整L01-05 end 1029”L01
28、-06 begin 953”5 People saidthe puma.(lines 5-6)a. to have seenb.to seec. they sawd.they had seen把say改成claimPeople claimed to haveseen the puma.5. D 清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系6 , it immediately ran away. (lines 8-9)a. Observing herb. On being observedc. Having been observedd.On her being observed与原句中的when意思要一致，
29、when引导的时间状语从句表示一结构形式和as soon as 相一致的如果用主动： On observing her, it immediately ran away.On seeing me, he waved to me.6B7 Pumas never attack a human beingexceptcornered.(lines 9)a. they areb. beingc. that they ared. when they are原句中unlesifnot / except on thecondition that when=ifexcept可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配，也可
30、以是when / if 引导的从句形式。7. D8 The experts were now fully convinced that the animala puma. (lines 13-14)a. must beb. should have beenc. can only bed. could only have beenmust be 只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致8. D情态动词表达推测的语意概念时，对于过去事实推测一定要用于情态动词have以及过去分词形式进行搭配。9 The woman saw a large catfive yards away from her.(lines
31、 7-8)a. at leastb. four orc. no more thand. withinno more than = only within = not more than9. C10 A puma will not attack a human being unless it feels itself to be.(line 9)a.in a cornerb. in a trapc. at an angled.under coverin a corner 表示处于困境、尴尬的境地in a trap 表示落于陷阱中at an angle 表示弯曲的、不直的10. B11 A bus
32、inessman on a fishing trip is probably someone who.(line 13)a.sells fishb. fishes for pleasurec. nets fishd. earns his living as a fishermanfishes for pleasure 钓鱼为了游玩12 A private collector is a man who collects.(lines 15-16)a.for his own benefitb.on his ownc. in privated.unknown to the public12. Aon
33、 his own = aloneL01-06end953”L02-01begin1149” Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 equalv. 等于 raisev. 募集；筹（款） vicarn. 牧师 torchlightn.电筒光equalv. 等于A equal B与 相匹敌 None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer.eg:Mary is quite equal to John in brains. be equal
34、 to + n: 1. 与相匹敌2. 有能力做某事to- 介词eg: I am equal to running the company.raisev. 募集；筹（款）raise money 筹款raise price提高raise a horse 饲养raise a family 供养raise wheet种植小麦raise an army 招募raise a shout 发出喊声vicarn. 牧师torchlightn.电筒光【Text】 Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一Our vicar is always raising money for one
35、 cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours
36、! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one oclock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local g
37、rocer.Whatever are you doing up here Bill ? asked the vicar in surprise. Im trying to repair the bell, answered Bill. Ive been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.You certainly did give me a surprise! said the vicar. Youve probably woken up ev
38、eryone in the village as well. Still, Im glad the bell is working again.Thats the trouble, vicar, answered Bill. Its working all right, but Im afraid that at one oclock it will strike thirteen times and theres nothing I can do about it.Well get used to that, Bill, said the vicar. Thirteen is not as
39、good as one, but its better than nothing. Now lets go downstairs and have a cup of tea.【课文讲解】现在进行时和 always 等频度副词的搭配表示说话人带有的情感色彩Tom is always doing homework. Tom is always does his homework. He is always making noises.one or another 表示某种、这样或那样get enough money 筹集足够的资金来做某事I have to get enough money to
40、have my house repaired.have the church clock repaired-have sth. done 找某人来做某事have the plane repairedhave hair cut某人所遭受到的意外某种情况主语必须是发出动作的人His wallet was stolen.He had his wallet stolen.used to:过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了He used to smoke every day.L02-01end1149”L02-02begin1245”however 用于口语，主要用于句首，作文中，最好用在句中、句尾，要
41、用逗号分隔开来He said that it was so, he was mistake, however.or: He said that it was so, however, he was mistake.I know his story, however, I wouldnt like to tell you.I know his story, I, however, wouldnt like to tell you.however 可用 neverthelessnonetheless 替换start: 惊跳、惊奇Eg: The voice made him start.What a
42、 start you give me.你真吓了我一跳He stood up with a start.before 才Nearly a week past before he could explain what had happen to him.Armed with a torch现在分词和过去分词的用法 looking分词做状语/定语时，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致In the torchlight非正式用语中 whom 可以省略掉recognized sb as 认出某人是regard sb as, think of sb as, treat sb as(把某人对待为), have
43、 on sb as（把某人尊敬为）whatever: ever 用来加强语气night after night 一夜连着一夜day after day / year after year / week after week / bus after busyou certainly did give me did肯定句中常用 do, did, does 加强语气和情感色彩，一定要位于动词原形之前。Eg: You do like beauty today.as well 用在句尾相当于 too, 主要用在肯定句中， 但比 too 所表达的语意更优秀still 用于句首，用逗号分隔开来，表达一个转折
44、的关系。虽然如此，但是get used to , be used to do, be accustomed to, get accustomed to 都表示习惯于get 强调渐进的过程，be 强调习惯了的状态Eg: We are used to the cold weather here.You will get used to the cold weather here.你很快会适应这寒冷的天气的。L02-02end1245”L02-03begin1056”【Special difficulties】P20In1. prep 表达惊奇，恐惧，失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用,在句中起状语
45、的作用in surprise; in astonishment; in alarm; in embarrassment; in amazement; in despair; in dismay; in anger; in disappointment2. prep 表达以、用: 用于语言，书写材料，色彩或声音等方面in English; in pencil; in ink; in a few words; in such a high voice; in oil; in red; in code3,用于状态、情况或处境in trouble; in difficulty; in bed; in
46、a hurry; in debt; in love with sb; in tears; in good order; in good repair; in good health; in por health; in the bad mood; in the good mood; in haste; in a favor of excitement; in poverty; in luxury【Exercise】Use a phrase with in in place of the words in italics1 I left home very quickly so as not tomiss the train.2 I suppose I shall finish this eventually.3 In the early morning there