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1、中考一轮复习语法必考点-非谓语动词精讲一动词不定式1. 动词不定式的构成动词不定式的构成形式为：to+动词原形，to为不定式符号，本身无实义，有时可省略，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能做谓语，但可做主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾补和状语（初中阶段要求掌握动词不定式做宾语、宾补和目的状语）。2.动词不定式的用法1）做主语：2）做表语：To protect nature is to help ourselves,or we will be punished. 保护自然就是帮助我们自己，否则我们将受到惩罚。3）做定语：Waste sorting is a wonderful way to ma
2、ke good use of energy and protect the environment. 垃圾分类是种很好的利用能源和保护环境的方法。 4）做宾语：谓语动词to+动词原形I wanted to see the Beijing Opera,so Lingling offered to take me to watch an opera. 我想看京剧，所以玲玲主动提出带我去看一场京剧。5）做宾补：谓语动词sb. +(not)to+动词原形Our English teacher wants us to read English stories out of class. 我们英语老师想让
3、我们课后读英语故事。6）做状语：Many people are glad to give their opinions. 许多人乐于发表自己的意见。【表原因】The govenment is setting up nature parks to help protect pandas. 政府正在建立自然公园以帮助保护大熊猫。【表目的】拓展：（1） 后可接动词不定式做宾语的常考动词：两个要求（demand/ask)两答应（agree/promise),三个希望（hope/wish/expect)莫拒绝（refuse),不要假装（pretend)在安排（arrange),做出选择（choose)和
4、决定（decide),学会（learn)计划（plan)没负担（afford),想要（want)设法（manage)都供应（offer),千万不要怕失败（fail)（2） 后可接动词不定式做宾补的常考动词：建议（advise)鼓励（encourage)命令（order)允许（allow)警告（warn)教（teach)要求（ask)告诉（tell)邀请（invite)（3） 后接动词不定式做宾补时可省略to的动词:一感（feel)、二听（hear/listen to)、三让（let/have/make)、四看（sce/look/watch/observe)、半帮助（help）(4) 英语中，动
5、词不定式（短语）做主语宾语时，常用it做形式主语宾语，而将动词不定式（短语）后置，做真正的主语宾语。如： Its our duty to keep our city clean and beautiful.保持城市清洁和美丽是我们的责任。【It做形式主语，动词不定式短语做真正的主语】For example,make it a habit to read during breakfast and lunch. 例如，养成在早餐和午餐时间阅读的习惯。【it做形式宾语，动词不定式做真正的宾语】(5) and、or、except、but或than等连接两个并列的动词不定式时，第二个不定式常省略to.如
6、：She wanted to be a nurse and help people. 她想成为一名护士，帮助人们。二动名词1.动名词的构成：动名词的构成形式为：动词原形ing,其否定式是在动名词之前加否定词not.动名词除具有动词性质外，还具有名词性质。2. 动名词的用法:(1)做主语:Learning English well is very important. 学好英语是非常重要的。 (2)做表语：Helping others is helping yourself. 帮助别人就是帮助你自己。 (3)做宾语：I enjoy talking with my classmates on my
7、 way to school. 我喜欢在上学的路上和同学交谈。(4)做定语：A beautiful swimming pool lies behind the grassland. 草地后面有一个美丽的游泳池。拓展：（1） 后可接动名词做宾语的常考动词：喜欢（enjoy)想象（imagine),坚持（keep)完成（finish)练习（practice),考虑（consider)建议（advise/suggest)和介意（mind),避免（avoid)冒险（risk)（2） 英语中，动词不能做主语，但动名词（短语）和动词不定式（短语）可以，其区别在于：动名词（短语）做主语多用于广泛意义的行为，
8、而动词不定式（短语）多用于具体的行为，通常，动名词（短语）或动词不定式（短语）做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；而并列的动名词（短语）或动词不定式（短语）做主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式3 分词1 分词的构成：分词主要包括两种：现在分词和过去分词，现在分词的构成形式为：动词原形ing,有“主动、进行”之意：过去分词的构成形式为：动词原形ed,有“被动、完成”之意。2.分词的用法：（1)做定语：Whos the boy in white T-shirt standing under the tree?站在树下的那个穿白色T恤的男孩是谁？To protect elephants,we must
9、save the trees and not buy things made of ivory.为保护大象，我们必须拯救树木，而且绝不买象牙制品。(2)做状语:“Greenhouse”gas keeps heat,causing our planet to warm up. “温室”气体会保存热量，使我们的地球变暖。Compared with his house,mine is larger and cheaper. 与他的房子相比，我的房子更大而且更便宜。(3)做表语:Football is so exciting that millions of people in the world p
10、lay it. 足球如此令人兴奋，以至于世界上有数百万人踢足球。Everyone was excited when they heard the exciting news. 当听到这个激动人心的消息时，每个人都很兴奋。(4)做宾补:I found a letter lying on the floor when I came into the classroom. 当我走进教室时，我发现地板上有一封信。He wants to have his TV repaired. 他想找人把电视修好。3.动词不定式与分词做宾补的区别不定式宾语与宾补在逻辑上是主动关系强调动作的整个过程或即将开始see s
11、b.do sth. 看见某人做了某事ask sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事现在分词强调动作正在进行have/keep sb. /sth.doing sth. 让某人物一直做某事过去分词宾语与宾补在逻辑上是被动关系强调动作已经完成have sth.done 让某事被别人做4.动名词与现在分词的区别用法动名词现在分词做定语表示被修饰词的用途、目的，置于所修饰词之前，不存在逻辑上的主谓动宾关系表示正在进行或主动的动作，被修饰词是其逻辑主语，可转化为定语从句Take more than enough water,food,and sleeping bags. 带上充足的水，食物和睡袋。【动
12、名词】Alice Lee is a high school student studying at a private school.=Alice Lee is a high school student who is studying at a private school 爱丽丝李是一名高中生，她在一所私立学校上学。【现在分词】做表语相当于名词，主语和表语可互换位置相当于形容词，主语和表语不可互换位置My hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is myhobby. 我的爱好是集邮。【动名词】I think the courses a
13、re very interesting. 我认为这些课程很有趣。【现在分词】提问方式用what提问用how提问，答语可用 so/very/too等副词修饰-What are the two speakers talking about?两位说话者在谈论什么？Visiting a museum. 参观博物馆。【动名词】-How was Sams school trip?山姆的学校之旅如何？Interesting. 有趣的。【现在分词】拓展：（1） 有冠词、物主代词、指示代词、s/s所有格、some/much/a lot等修饰的“动词原形ing”必是动名词。如：The liule boy fini
14、shed his painting all by himself. 这个小男孩独自完成了他的绘画。（2）祈使句中的“动词原形ing”必是动名词。如：No smoking. 禁止吸烟。（3）介词（短语）后的“动词原形ing”必是动名词。如：Instead of letting people guess,tell them the truth. 告诉人们真相，而不是让他们猜测。（4）可构成复合形容词的“动词原形ing”必是现在分词。如：Lu is a hard-working girl and always comes top at school. 陆是一个勤奋的女孩，在学校总是名列前茅。四非谓语
15、动词的常考固定搭配1.动词不定式的常考固定搭配1)疑问词to do2)try ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事3)be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事4)too+形容词副词to do sth. 太而不能做某事5)形容词副词enough to do sth. 足够 . . . .做某事6)would like to do sth. 想要做某事（简略形式为d like)7)Would you like to do sth. ?你想做某事吗？8)had better(not)do sth. 最好（不）做某事（简略形式为d better)9)let s
16、b. (not)do sth. 让某人（不要）做某事10)Why not do sth. ?为什么不做某事呢？11)would rather do sth. (than do sth. )宁愿做某事（而不做某事）拓展：（1） “疑问词to do”做宾语常可转化为宾语从句，如：Suzy didnt know when to take a boat trip on the lake. = Suzy didnt know when she would take a boat trip on the lake. 苏西不知道什么时候去乘船游湖。（2）省略to的不定式结构8)11)为省略to的不定式结构，
17、而7)10)为提建议的句型，除考查动词不定式外，还会涉及答语的考查。常用的肯定回答：OK!/All right!/Good idea/Sounds great. /Id like to. . .常用的否定回答：Sorry,I. . /Im afraid not./Id like to,but. . . 2.动名词的常考固定搭配feel like doing sth. 想要做某事succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事be worth doing sth. 值得做某事be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事g
18、ive up doing sth. 放弃做某事put off doing sth. 推迟做某事cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事have (no) fun/trouble/difficulty + (in) doing sth. 做某事（没）有乐趣麻烦困难How/What about+doing sth. ?做某事怎么样？stop/keep/prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep on doing sth. 继续做某事make a contribution/contributions to doingsth. 为做某事做出贡献pay
19、 attention to doing sth. 注意做某事thank sb.for doing sth. 为感谢某人3.分词的常考固定搭配现在分词：see/watch sb.doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事notice sb.doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事keep/get sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事过去分词：see/watch sth.done 看到某事被（某人）做notice sth.done 注意到某事被（某人）做have/keep/get sth.done. 让某事被（某人）做4. 动词后
20、接不定式与动名词的区别forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事remember to do sth. 记得去做某事remember doing sth. 记得做过某事regret to do sth. 对将来要做的事感到遗憾regret doing sth. 对已发生的事感到后悔stop to do sth. 停止现在做的事，去做别的事stop doing sth. 停止现在正在做的事continue to do sth. 做完一件事后，继续做别的事continue doing sth. 做一件事中断后，再继续做这件事try to do
21、 sth. 设法做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事need to do sth.需要去做某事need doing sth. 某事需要做拓展：既可接不定式也可接动名词的常考动词：爱（like/love/prefer)憎（hate)分明再开始（begin/start),停止（stop)后悔（regret)莫忘记（forget),继续（continue)努力（try)有打算（mean),需要（need)谨记（remember)这些词精练一完成句子1.我想邀请他参加我们的俱乐部。I want_to joi
22、n our club.2. My parents often tell me not_（eat) too much junk food because its bad for my health.3.The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.(同义句转换）The box is_heavy for me_carry.4.我们应该思考怎么把中国文化介绍给全世界。We should think about_introduce Chinese culture to the world.5. Dont pour the_（pollute) water everyw
23、here or youll be punished.二单项选择1. Its necessary for you_the classroom clean,class.A.keep B.keeping C.to keep2. When you move somewhere new,the first thing for you is to find a place_A.to live B.living in C.to live in3. I cant tell you what she said. Ive promised_it a secret.A.keep B.to keep C.keepin
24、g D.kept4. Leonardo DiCaprio, a famous American actor,was always expecting_an Oscar and finally he made it.A.to win B.winning C.not to win D.not winning5. She said she hoped_her daughter.A.to see B.you to see C.seeing6. -What are you going to do when you grow up?A singer, but my parents wish me _a t
25、eacher.A. am B.to be C.will be D.be7. We only planned_the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours.A.watch B.watches C.to watch D.watched8. -Some children cant afford_necessary stationery.Lets donate our pocket money to them.A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.be bought9. The little boy pre
26、tended _when his mother came in.A.sleeping B.asleep C.to asleep D.to be asleep10. -Do you have any plans for the coming vacations?Sure. We decide_Sansha in July.A.visit B.visiting C.visited D.to visit 11. Vivian refuses_her children to the weekend training centre for extra classes.A.to send B.sendin
27、g C.sent D.sends12. At times,parents find it difficult_with their teenage children.A.talk B.talked C.talking D.to talk13. -Youd better advise him_anything out of the window while driving.I will. He has to know its dangerous.A.not throwing B.no throwing C.not to throw D.dont throw14. Our country enco
28、urages more students_football. Now many football clubs have been set up in schools.A.play B.playing C.to play D.will play15. The headmaster warns us_the school rules, or well be punished.A.to break B. not to break C.breaking D.dont break16. For more than once, our head teacher asks us _the habit of
29、keeping a diary.A.develop B.develops C.developing D.to develop17. Our teacher often tells us_time.A.not waste B.dont waste C.not to waste D.doesnt waste18. The boss asked Tim to go and_out if there was anyone else absent.A.find B.finding C.to find D.found19. My friend invited me_the art club, and I
30、accepted it with pleasure.A.join B.to join C.joined D.joining20. I saw Tom_his key in the lock, turn it and open the door.A.put B.putting C.puts D.to put21. Paul made a nice cage_the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep22. Mom does all the housework so that Sarah can
31、take the time_her words on paper.A.put B.putting C.to put D.puts23. -Were going to see a movie. Would you like to join us?Sorry, I have too much homework_.A. will do B.need do C.do D.to do24. Sleeping is a popular way_among students.A.relax B.relaxed C.relaxing D.to relax25. -I will go to Harbin for
32、 my summer vacation. What about you?I havent decided where_.A. go B.went C.going D.to go26. Students should learn how_problems.A. solve B.solving C.can solve D.to solve27. -_go out for a picnic next Saturday.Good idea.A. Why not B. How about C. Would you like D. Lets28. -Would you like_camping with
33、me?Id like to. But Im busy _ my homework.A. to go; to do B. to go; doing C. going; to do D. going;doing29. You look too tired.Why not_a rest?A.stop to have B. to stop having C.stop having30. -Bob, Im not good at English. What should I do?Why not_an English club to practice_English?A. to joining; spe
34、aking B.join; to speak C. to join; to speak D.join; speaking31. -Are you going swimming this afternoon?Id rather_with you.A. to go shopping B.go shoping C. to go shoping D.go shopping32. The research he devotes himself_the farmers have a better harvest is very important.A.helping B.to help C.help D.
35、helped33. -Would you mind_in the dining hall?-Of course not.A. not to smoke B.not smoking C.smoke D.not smoke34. -Its too hot. Would you mind my_the window?-_. Do it as you like, please.A.to open; OK B.opening; Certainly not C.opening; Of course D. open; Good idea35. The retired couple enjoy _photos
36、. They always go out with their cameras.A.take B.took C.to take D.taking36. -I like the dress, but Im_I havent got enough money.Dont worry. I dont mind _you some if you like.A. afraid;lending B.glad; lending C.afraid; to lend D.glad; to lend37._honest is the first thing people should learn.A. Being
37、B. Look C. Be D. Become38. We feel like_some food and drink because well invite some friends_in a party.A.buying; to join B.to buy;joining C.buying;join39. -Im looking forward to _ my parents soon. What aboutyou?Me too.A. Seeing B.see C.saw40. Last weekend,the Greens had great fun_at Water World.A.s
38、wimming B.cooking C.hiking41. Tina is busy_at school,but she never forgets_her mother every day.A. work; to call B.working; to call C.working; calling42. -What could I get my father for Fathers Day?-_getting him a tie?A. Why not B. How about C. Why dont you43. A nurse_Carolyn will look after the bab
39、y when his mother_away.A. naming; is B.naming;will be C.named; is D.named;will be44. He often drinks two cups of_water when he comes back.A.boiling B.boil C.boiled D.boils45. -I didnt hear you come in just now.Thats good. I tried_the baby up.A.to wake B.not to wake C.waking46. Lisa is a little poor
40、at Chinese. I think she needs_it every day.A.practise to speak B.to practise speaking C.practise speaking47. Dont throw away the waste paper. It needs_so that it can be reused.A. to destroy B.destroying C.to collect D.collecting48. -Jack,remember_off the lights when_the home.OK, I wont forget, mom.A
41、. turning;leaving B. to turn; leave C.turning;left D. to turn;leaving49. Vocabulary is important to language learning. Therefore, youd better try different ways you can think of_words and expressions.A. remember B.to remember C.remembering50. -Have you read the book Jane Eyre?Yes. Its a famous book and really worth_.A.to read B.reading C.to be read D.read 参考答案：一1. to invite him 2.to eat 3.too;to 4.how to 5.polluted二1-5CCBAA 6-10BCCDD 11-15ADCCB 16-20DCABA 21-25DCDDD 26-30DDBAD 31-35DBBBD 36-40AAAAA 41-45BBCCB 46-50BDDBB17