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1、中考一轮复习语法必考点-简单句精讲一句子成分1. 句子成分的概念主语：表示所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”【句子的主体】谓语：说明主语的动作、行为或状态表语：说明主语的身份、特征、性质或状态宾语：表示动作、行为的对象【置于动词或介词之后】宾补：用来补充说明宾语【一般置于宾语之后】定语：用来修饰名词或代词状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等2.充当词主语：名词性谓语：动词性表语：名词性、形容词性宾语：名词性宾补：词性不定定语：形容词性状语：副词性拓展： 如何划分句子成分Sam finds sweeping robots useful. 山姆
2、发现扫地机器人非常有用。主语 谓语 宾语 宾补This kind of positive altitude is supposed （to change your whole day）.定语 主语 谓语 状语修饰 这种积极的态度应该会改变你的一整天。二五大基本句型1.五大基本句型的构成1）主S+谓V(不及物动词）： I agree. 我同意。2） 主S+谓V(及物动词）宾O： I love classroom discussions. 我喜欢课堂讨论。3）主S+谓V(及物动词）间宾IO+直宾DO：They may give you some advice. 他们可能会给你一些建议。4）主S+谓
3、V(及物动词）宾O+宾补OC：Eric made his T-shirt dirty. 艾瑞克把他的T恤弄脏了。5）主S+系LV+表P：They are traditional Chinese food. 它们是中国传统食物。拓展：讲解五大基本句型时，通常以陈述句的形式为例。陈述句是用于陈述事实或看法的句子若肯定句中含有some,someone,somebody,something,somewhere,already等词，变疑问句或否定句时，须将这些词依次转换为 any,anyone,anybody,anything,anywhere,yet等三疑问句1.一般疑问句一般疑问句是用于询问事物或某
4、种情况是否属实的句子。1） Be动词主语表语. . .?Is it OK if I take this seat?我可以坐这个座位吗？2） 助动词主语动词原形分词. . . ?Do they want to go fishing?他们想去钓鱼吗？3）情态动词主语动词原形. . . ?Can you give me a ride?你能载我一程吗？拓展：(1)一般疑问句的回答有两种特殊情况：用其他语句回答，加强语气，如：Could you please clean the room?请你打扫一下房间好吗？No problem!没问题！用be动词助动词情态动词的否定式提问的句子，常表示惊讶、怀疑、赞
5、叹等语气，其肯定回答用“Yes+肯定简略句”，译作“不，. . . . . ”；否定回答用“No+否定简略句”，译作“是，. . . . . ”如：Dont you go to school by bike?你不骑车去上学吗？No,I dont. I walk to school every day. 是的，我不骑车，我每天步行上学。(2) 陈述句变一般疑问句的一般步骤:一看：看主句的谓语动词二定：谓语动词为实义动词，根据不同时态、人称借助助动词（do/does/did),实义动词要还原谓语动词为系动词be,根据不同的人称变其适当形式（am/are/were. . . )谓语动词为情态动词，无
6、须变化三提：将既定的系动词be、助动词或情态动词提到主语前，且首字母须大写四变：第一人称变第二人称（如：my变成your):some常常变any:原句首字母变小写：切记句号变问号2. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是用特殊疑问词引导，以寻求信息为目的的疑问句：回答既可用完整答语（其中名词多用代词替代），也可只回答提问部分。1） 特殊疑问词be动词主语. . . ?What is your birthday gift?你的生日礼物是什么？2）特殊疑问词助动词主语动词原形分词 . . ?What does Li Hua usually do after school? 李华放学后通常做什么？3）特殊疑问词情
7、态动词主语动词原形 . . ?What can I do for you?我能帮你做什么？I want to buy a pair of sports shoes.我想买一双运动鞋。4）What+可数名词单数be动词助动词情态动词 . . ?What color is Sallys skirt?萨莉的裙子是什么颜色？5）How many+可数名词复数be动词助动词情态动词 . . ?How many tomatoes are there in the basket?篮子里有多少西红柿？Theres only one. 只有一个。拓展：陈述句变特殊疑问句（对画线部分提问）的一般步骤：一加：判断画
8、线部分确定缺少什么成分，选定相应的特殊疑问词置于句首，且首字母须大写二接：疑问词后接be动词、助动词的适当形式或情态动词，但how many先接可数名词复数，再接be动词、助动词的适当形式或情态动词等三抄：照抄除画线部分外的内容四变：第一人称变第二人称（如：my变成your);some常常变any:原句首字母变小写；切记句号变问号：实义动词须还原3. 选择疑问句选择疑问句是指说话人提出两种或两种以上的情况，供对方选择的句子。1） 一般选择疑问句： 一般疑问句+or+被选择的成分？Is the mobile phone new or old?这部手机是新的还是旧的？2） 特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问
9、句+被选择的成分（A）+or+被选择的成分（B）？Which do you prefer,traditional Western music or pop music?你更喜欢哪个，西方传统音乐还是流行音乐？4. 反意疑问句反意疑问句是在陈述部分后附加一个问句，对陈述部分所述内容或观点提出疑问，附加问句的谓语动词及主语的形式均须与陈述部分保持一致，且主语必须用人称代词，反意疑问句通常遵循“前肯后否、前否后肯”的原则。陈述部分 问句部分There be 句型be的适当形式there?否定意义句中含有 no/few/little/never/seldom/hardly/neither等否定词肯定形
10、式句中含有如disagree/unable/useless等带有否定词缀的词否定形式谓语动词为used to+动词原形（曾经）didnt/usednt+主语？谓语动词为ought to+动词原形（应该）ought(nt)/should(nt)+主语？谓语动词为have/has (+动词的适当形式）表示“有”do或have的适当形式主语？不表示“有”do的适当形式主语？作助动词have的适当形式主语谓语动词为need/dare作情态动词need(nt)/dare(nt)+主语？作实义动词do的适当形式主语？谓语动词为must+动词原形表示“必须”must(nt)+主语？表示“有必要”need(n
11、t)+主语？表示“必定”（含推测）must后动词的适当形式主语？祈使句Let us/me. . .will you?Lets. . .shall we?复合句视主句主谓情况而定陈述部分为复合句，且主句主语是第一人称I/we,谓语是 think/believe/suppose/am sure/am afraid. . .视从句主谓情况而定，注意否定前移主语是不定式动名词从句主语多用itI am+表语arent I?主语是指人的不定代词，如everyone/anyone/someone/no one等强调整体，主语用they强调个体，主语用he主语是指物的不定代词，如everything/anyt
12、hing/something/nothing等主语用it主语是指示代词this/that主语用itthese/those主语用 they 拓展：中考英语对于反意疑问句的考查主要涉及其附加问句以及答语，附加问句通常遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”这一原则：无论陈述部分是肯定还是否定，答语均须遵循“一致性”原则，即“Yes+肯定内容；No+否定内容”。如：You arent a student now,are you?你现在不是学生了，是吗？如果你是一名学生，就回答“Yes,I am. ”；如果不是，就回答“No, Im not. ”（即按真实情况回答，“是”就用“Yes”，“不是”就用“No”；但若反
13、意疑问句的陈述部分为否定形式，在翻译答语时，“Yes”要翻译为“不”，而“No”要翻译为“是”。）四感叹句1.感叹句的引导词及构成引导词功能结构What做定语，修饰名词（短语）What+a/an+形容词可数名词单数（主语谓语）！What+形容词可数名词复数不可数名词（主语谓语）！How做状语，修饰形容词、副词等How+形容词副词（主语谓语）！How+形容词a/an+可数名词单数（主语谓语）！How+主语谓语！拓展：（1）感叹词what或how如何选？先找感叹句主谓，分隔线划主语前。线前名词用what,如是形副就填how;冠词a/an直接名，那就只能把how填：形后直接名单数，切记what a/
14、an跟（2）what或how引导的感叹句本身表达一种强烈的感情，一般不与程度副词very、really、even、rather、quite、extremely 等连用，以避免语义重复。五祈使句1. 祈使句的构成祈使句是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子，其主语常为第二人称you,通常省略，多以动词原形开始。肯定式：1） 动词原形（宾语. . ). Go and wash your socks. 去把你的袜子洗了吧。2） Be+表语（名词形容词. ). Be quiet,please 请安静。3） Let+宾语（通常为第一或第三人称宾格）动词原形. Lets go home！ Its
15、late now. 咱们回家吧！现在已经很晚了。4） Please+动词（短语）.【please也可放在句末，其前加逗号】Please go over your exam papers once again before handing them in. 交试卷前，请再仔细检查一遍。否定式:1）Dont+动词原用.Dont touch the photos in the museum. 不要触摸博物馆里的照片。2）No+名词或动名词【常见于日常生活中的警示语中】No entry. 禁止入内！3） Dont+let+宾语动词原形.Let+宾语not+动词原形.Dont let the Inter
16、net control your life. 不要让网络控制你的生活。Lets not worry about our problems. 让我们不要担心我们的问题。拓展：（1） lets 和let us的区别：lets包括听话者，let us不包括听话者（2） 祈使句中若有称呼语；置于句首或句末，须用逗号（，）隔开，且动词仍用原形，即动词的形式不因称呼语而变，如：David,dont make trouble at school. 戴维，在学校别惹麻烦。（3） “祈使句逗号（，）and/or+陈述句”结构的3种考查形式祈使句中的谓语动词须用动词原形并列连词and/or的选择and:表顺承，可
17、不译，其中祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句，如：Try your best,and youll make progress sooner or later.尽自己最大的努力，你迟早会取得进步。or:表以祈使句为条件的相反假设，意为“否则，要不然”，如：Hurry up, or youll be late for school.快一点，不然你上学要迟到了。陈述句中的常见时态为一般将来时或一般现在时(4)祈使句的答语常用的肯定回答：OK!/Good idea. /Sounds great!/Ill do it!等常用的否定回答：Sorry,I wont. /Sorry,I. . . 等精练1 完
18、成句子1. Li Lei does the housework every day.(改为否定句）Li Lei_the housework every day.2. The invention of smart phones changed the world in many ways.（改为一般疑问句）_the invention of smart phones_the world in many ways?3. She has some good news.(改为一般疑问句）_she have_good news?4. That amusement park has lots of tou
19、rists during the holiday.(对画线部分提问）_that amusement park have lots of tourists?5. The English dictionary is 25 dollars.(对画线部分提问）_is the English dictionary?6. I was studying for the test when the rainstorm came.(对画线部分提问）_were you_when the rainstorm came?？7. Let us go to school on foot,_?（完成反意疑问句）8. Let
20、s make a model plane for Kangkangs birthday,_（完成反意疑问句）9.有您这样的老师，我是多么的幸运啊！_I am to have a teacher like you!10. _ (close) your eyes and do eye exercises,kids.11.People will use robots more and more in the future life.(改为一般疑问句）_people_robots more and more in the future life?12. China has a population o
21、f 1. 37 billion.(对画线部分提问）_the population of China ?13.You cant play the guitar in the classroom.(改为祈使句）_the guitar in the classroom.14. Susan has little time to play,_？（完成反意疑问句）15. The sightseeing in Kalajun Grassland is beautiful.(改为感叹句)_the sightseeing in Kalajun Grassland is!二单项选择1. Which of the
22、following sentences is correct?A. He came in and sat down.B. We all like Harry Potter.C. When we met. He didnt say hello.D. He went out, headed for the bus stop.2. Which of the following is the same as “I saw him reading a book.”in pattern(结构）？A. You have a very nice sister.B. He likes playing the p
23、iano.C. They are good at math.D. We call her Ms. Liu.3. Helen was so excited at the news that she could_say a word.A.ever B.almost C.hardly D.always4. I think coffee tastes good, but not_likes drinking it.A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody5. The 3D Titanic is a moving film. My parents have se
24、en it twice_.A.yet B.already C.never D.almost6. I was looking for a birthday gift for my mother, but I couldnt find_suitable.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything7. -Do you think I could borrow your pencil?-_.A. Yes,you may borrow B. Yes,you couldC. Yes,go on D. Yes,help yourself8. -Hello, H
25、elen! Can I see Mr. Smith?_. Ill tell him you are here.A. Never mind B. It sounds like fun C. Just a minute D. Sorry to hear that9. -_did you stop playing?Because I was tired.A. How B. Why C. When D. Where10. -_is it from your home to your school?Its about 10 minutesride.A. How long B. How soon C. H
26、ow far D. How often11. -_?She is of medium height with blue eyes.A. How is Rita B. What does Rita like C. What does Rita look like D. How do you like Rita12. -What does your mother do?-_A. She is a teacher. B. She is fifty. C. She likes reading. D. She works in a hospital.13. -Whats the time?-_.A. I
27、ts Friday B. Its 10th September C. Its ten D. Its cloudy14. -Whats the date today?-_.A.Its Monday B. Its June 26th C. Its cloudy D. Its half past eleven15. -Hi,Diana, how was your summer holiday?-_！I enjoyed myself in the sea very much.A. Good idea B. Wait a minute C. Thats too bad D. Pretty good16.
28、 -Exeuse me,wheres the meeting room?-_. I will show you there.A. This way,please B. Thats right C. I can manage D. In your dreams17. -Did Jeff go to the zoo by subway or by taxi yesterday?-_A. Yes, he went there by subway.B. No, he went there by bus.C. He went there by taxi.D. He went there to see a
29、nimals.18. -Its Fathers Day today, _?Yes, lets buy a gift for Dad.A. isnt he B.doesntit C.isnt it19. -There is a beautiful park near your school,_？Yes. I often go walking there.A. is there B.isnt there C.are there D.arent there20. -He doesnt speak English or Japanese, _?_. He speaks Chinese.A. does
30、he; Yes, he doesnt B. doesnt he; No, he doesC. does he; No, he doesnt D. does he; Yes, he does21. -You can hardly swim, _you?_. But my mother says shell teach me during my summer holiday.A. cant; No B.can; No C.cant; Yes D.can; Yes22. Professor Tu Youyou never stops doing research on Chinese medicin
31、e,_？A.is she B.does she C.isnt she D.doesnt she23. -You have joined the Singing Club, havent you?_. I like singing, but I dont have any time.A. Yes.I do B. No. I dont C. Yes, I have D. No, I havent24. -Dont be late for school next time,_?No, I wont.A.are you B.will you C.do you D.did you25. -Nicks p
32、arents often talk to him about his social behavior,_？Yes, they do. They think Nick should be more polite.A. do they B.doesnt he C.dont they26. People who eat a balanced diet should be healthier than those who only eat biscuits and hamburgers, _?A.dont they B.do they C.shouldnt they D.should they27._
33、bad day！ Its raining hard. We have to stay at home.A. How a B. What a C. How D. What28._amazing concert Li Yundi gave in Linyi!A. How an B. How C. What an D. What29. -_excellent work you have done!Its very kind of you to say so.A. What B. How C. What an D. How an30. -Look! The students are learning
34、Hainan Opera in the music class._special the class is!A. What B. What a C. How31. -_pale you look! Are you feeling all right?Im not feeling well. Ive got toothache.A. How a B. How C. What a D. What32. -Volunteers from Lantian Saving Team have saved many travelers in the mountains.-_!A.How great a ma
35、n B. How great men C. What a great man D. What great men33._carefully,please! Look at the road sign. There is a school ahead.A. Drive B. To drive C. Driving34._kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in.A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been35. Tom,_afraid
36、 of speaking in front of people. You are the best one.A.dont B.not C.not be D.dont be36. -Look at the sign,what does it mean?It means“_”.A.Dont talking B. No talking C. Not talk37. Sandy,_for some information about the topic.Then share it with us, please.A. is searching B.searches C.search D.will se
37、arch38._on the grass, or it will “cry.A. To walk B. Not to walk C. Walk D. Dont walk39._hard and youll succeed sooner or later.A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Studied40. -Dont talk in class again, Albert.-_.A. Dont worry B. No, I dont C. I dont know D. Sorry, I wont参考答案：一1.doesnt do 2.Did;change 3.Does;any 4.When does 5.How much 6.What;doing 7.will you 8.shall we 9.How lucky 10.Close 11.Will;use 12.What is 13.Dont play 14.does/has she 15.How beautiful二1-5ADCDB 6-10BDCBC 11-15CACBD 16-20ACCBC 21-25BBDBC 26-30CBCAC 31-35BDAAD 36-40BCDAD18