《非谓语动词考点精讲精练（含答案） 讲义--2023届高考英语一轮复习.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《非谓语动词考点精讲精练（含答案） 讲义--2023届高考英语一轮复习.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、胆置黑词考，牖讲含蜜g)讲义非谓语动词是高考语法填空和短文改错必考热点语法工程之一。现结合典型考题对非 谓语动词的考点进行梳理和总结，帮助大家明确考点，找出解题规律和方法。一、考查非谓语动词作主语能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。两者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时、 多用不定式；表示比拟抽象的一般的行为倾向时，多用动名词。当动名词或不定式短语较 长时，常用it作形式主语放在句首而把动名词或不定式短语放于句末。(典例】(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mista
2、kes you make.解析：Ignoring。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是will be,因此前面局部是主语， 应该使用动名词短语作主语。二、考查非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如want, wish, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, ex
3、cuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, deny, stand 等。有些动词或动词短语后 既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，如forget, remember, regret, mean, try, go on等，但意义上有区别。典例 1 I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.解析：wear改为wearing”介词by后应接动名词作宾语。典例 2After receiving the Osca
4、r for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.解析：to thank。go on后接to do或doing作宾语均可，但是go on doing sth.表示“继 续不停地做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”；而go on to do sth.表示“接着做另一 件事”，即接下去做与原来不同的一件事。山语境可知，Anne Benedict在拿奖后又继续做 另一件事，即“感谢所有帮助过她的人，故用go on to do sth.。16
5、. Absorbedo此处在句中作状语，根据短语be absorbed in （全神贯注于）可知,需填过去分词形式。17. being recognizedo介词w让hout后应该使用动词的动名词形式。根据句意“不被人 认出”可知，本空应该用动名词的被动形式。18. to find。only典不定式连用表示出乎意料的结果。19. speakingo “When it comes to.”是固定句式，意思是“当谈到其中的to是介词，后跟动词时应使用动名词形式。20. Having spentcspend与其逻辑主语“Linda”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。 且spend的动作明显早于“看
6、起来成熟”这个动作。表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，用现 在分词的完成时。21. going。feel like后跟动名词作宾语,故填going。22. accompaniedo考查“连词十分词”的省略用法。when引导的状语从句中省略的主语 为children,其与accompany （陪伴）之间含有被动意义，故本空填过去分词形式。23. Understanding =分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语动词是is, is前面的局部作主语， 故应使用动名词短语作主语。24. carriedo分析句子结构可知，前半句的句子结构完整，后半句为独立主格结构，them 指代plans, carry out与p
7、lans之间是动宾关系，故填carry的过去分词形式。25. Being exposedo分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语动词是is, whether for an adult or for a teenage”是插入语，插入语的前面局部是主语，应使用动名词作主语，再根据短语 be exposed to （接触）可知，应填 Being exposed。26. Having waitedo wait与其逻辑主语the old man构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词 在句中作状语。而且这是一个已经发生的动作，所以使用现在分词的完成式。27. shiningo考查独立主格结构。逻辑主语her face与s
8、hine之间是主动关系，故填现 在分词形式。28. Tastingo taste“品尝”，是连系动词，无被动语态，此处用现在分词tasting作原因 状语。29. solvedo根据句意可知，老师看起来很轻松愉快，应该是问题已经被解决了。表示被动完成，应使用过去分词。30. caughto此处应使用非谓语动词作定语。根据people和catch之间的被动关系可 知，应填过去分词。31. to carryo 根据短语 permit sb. to do sth.可知，此处应填 to carryo32. to have missedo be unlucky to do sth.是固定短语，“错过火车
9、”这一动作明显发生 在谓语动词之前，所以用动词不定式的完成式。33. being builto The Silk Road Economic Belt”与后面的动词 build 构成逻辑上的被动 关系，且这一动作目前正在进行，故用being done形式作后置定语。34. endangeringo根据句意可知，前面的原因导致了后面的结果，故使用现在分词作 结果状语。35. to provide。everything后面跟了一个定语从句they can (do)；根据句意可知, 定语从句后面接了一个目的状语，也就是“do. tod。，故填t。provide。36. studyingo he和st
10、udy之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词studying表伴随。37. rolling。动词roll与逻辑主语tears之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。38. Attractedo句子的主语the little boy与attract构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分 词。39. repairedo bicycle和repair之间为被动关系，故填过去分词。40. to contacto decide to do sth决定做某事，decide后面接不定式作宾语。(二)语篇填空【文章大意】用英语写日记是一种提高我们英语写作能力的有效方法。可以帮助我们 养成用英语思考的习惯，在用英语记日记的过程中，
11、我们肯定会遇到许多困难，文中告诉 我们应该怎样去做。1. Keepingo考查动名词作主语。从句子结构可以看出此处缺少主语。2. Comparedo考查分词作状语。compare与其逻辑主语it之间为被动关系，故填过去 分词。3. (to) developo考查不定式作宾补。在help sb (to) do sth结构中to可省略。4. IL考查状语从句的连接词。根据句式结构可知此处填连词，结合句意可知填If。5. difficultieso考查名词的数。由空前面的many可知答案为名词的复数形式。6. findingo 考查固定短语 have trouble (in) doing sth.的
12、用法。7. to puto考查不定式短语作主语，it为形式主语。8. am concerned,考查固定短语。as far as sb be concerned意思是“就某人而言”。9. of。考查介词的用法。“of+n.”相当于名词对应的形容词。10. the。考查冠词的用法。在名词前的空格处通常填限定词，结合语境可知填the。【典例 3】I cant stand(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses (stop) talking while she works.解析：working； to stop。cant stand后
13、接动名词作宾语，意思是“不能忍受做某事”； refuse后接不定式作宾语，意思是“拒绝做某事”。三、考查非谓语动词作宾补和主补能作宾补和主补的非谓语动词有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。用哪种非谓语动词形 式往往取决于句中动词所使用的句型和不同的非谓语动词所表示的时态和语态意义。一般来说，不定式的一般式表示将来意义，不定式的完成式表示过去意义；现在分词 表示主动或进行意义；过去分词表示被动或完成意义。解题时可根据句中非谓语动词所表 示的时间意义和与其逻辑主语的主被动关系选择合适的非谓语动词。典例 1 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,
14、 Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother (take) good care of at home.解析：taken。分析句子结构可知,此处是“see+宾语+宾补”结构。此处his mother和 take good care of之间是被动关系，故填表示被动意义的过去分词。典例 2To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English(speak) as much as we can.解析：spokeno作宾补的非谓语动词speak与其逻辑主语English之间含有逻辑上的
15、 动宾关系，故应使用表示被动意义的过去分词。四、考查非谓语动词作定语不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意 义不同。一般来说，不定式表示将来意义，用于表示尚未发生的动作；现在分词表示其逻 辑主语主动发出的动作，并含有进行意义；而过去分词表示的是其逻辑主语的被动和完成 的动作。典例 1 To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study (conduct) in Australia in 2012.解析：conducted。分析句子结构可知，括号中的动词在句中作
16、定语，修饰study,应 使用非谓语形式。study与conduct之间是被动关系，故填过去分词。典例 2 In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message(hide) within the work.解析：hiddeno考查非谓语动词作定语。本句中名词短语a secret message与动词hide 构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词hidden作定语，相当于定语从句“that is hidden.”。【典例 3 The park was full of people(enjoy) themselves in t
17、he sunshine.解析：enjoyingo此题考查非谓语动词作定语。enjoy的逻辑主语是people,人们玩得 开心是主动的，因此填表示主动意义的现在分词enjoying作定语，相当于定语从句“who were enjoying.”。【典例 4 There are still many problems (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.解析：tobesoh/ed.根据句意可知，还有很多问题要解决。表示将来，应使用不定式， 再根据solve与其逻辑主语之间的被动关系可知，应使用不定式的被动形式，故填to be
18、 solved o五、考查非谓语动词作状语不定式、现在分词和过去分词都能作状语飞作什么样的状语往往取决于他们的位置和 在句中的意义。不定式短语放在句首多作目的状语，在句末可作目的或结果状语。现在分 词短语放在句首多作原因、条件、时间、让步等状语，在句末多作方式、伴随状语，也可 作结果状语。过去分词短语放在句首多表示时间、条件、原因等，放在句末表示对前面的 情况起补充说明作用，同时与句子主语具有被动关系。典例 1 (make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.解析：To makeo根据句意
19、可知，前半局部作目的状语，表目的用动词不定式，故填 To makeo【典例 2 Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, (turn) the old town into a dreamland.解析：turning0句中已经有谓语动词且前后句间没有连词连接，故使用非谓语动词。根据逻辑关系可知表示主动意义，故用现在分词。典例 3 (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.解析：Orderedo分析句子结构可知，空格处应使用非谓语动词短语作状语。or
20、der的 逻辑主语是句子的主语the books,两者之间含有被动意义，故填过去分词形式。六、考查非谓语动词作表语分词作表语时，看分词与主语的关系。假设是主谓关系，用现在分词：假设是被动关系， 用过去分词。另外，要注意一组动词(amuse, bore, disappoint, excite, fascinate, freeze, frighten, horrify, inspire, interest, move, surprise, touch 等)的用法。 其同根形容词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。现在分词表示主语所具有的特征，意思是 “令人的”；过去分词表示主语所处的状态，意思是“(某人
21、)感到的”。典例 1 At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mothers Day! ” Mom was grateful and moving.解析：moving改为movedo was后接形容词作表语。此处用and连接两个形容词并列 作表语。moving虽然也是形容词，但是通常用于形容或修饰物，意思是“令人感动的”。此 处表示妈妈自己“感动”，应使用moved。典例 2 While waiting for the opportunity to get(promote) , Henry did his best to perform his duty.解析：pr
22、omotedo get是连系动词，后接形容词作表语，根据句意可知，此处表示“被 提拔”的意思，故填表示被动意义的过去分词。七、考查“连词+分词”的省略用法分词短语常常可以用在某些连词如since, when, while, whenever, no matter how, once, until, if等之后，形成状语从句中的省略现象。使用现在分词还是过去分词取决 于其与省略的逻辑主语的主被动关系。主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。【典例 1 Video games can be a poor influence if(leave) in the wrong hands.解析：lefto考查“连
23、词十分词”的省略用法。此题中从句省略了与主句相同的主语Video games,其与动词leave含有逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词。补充完整为“.if they are left.”。【典例 2 If (accept) for the job, youll be informed soon.解析：acceptedo本句中的if I条件状语从句中省略了主语you,与accept构成被动关 系，应用过去分词accepted。补充完整为“If you are accepted.”。八、考查独立主格结构独立主格结构在形式上与主句没有任何关系，但是在意思上却与主句密切联系在一起, 共同构筑成一个完整的语
24、义环境。独立主格结构只有逻辑上的主语，没有真正的主语和谓 语，所以在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的特殊结构。独立主格结构中 选用分词时也是看其与前面逻辑主语的关系来决定的，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。【典例】Much time(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.解析：spent。该题中没有连词，中间是逗号，后面是一个完整的句子，因此前面不能 是句子，故使用独立主格结构。逻辑主语time与动词spend含有逻辑上的被动关系，故使 用表示被动意义的过
25、去分词spento九、巩固练习(一)单句填空1. The next thing he saw was smoke(rise) from behind the house.2. The island, (join) to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.3. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, (say) nothing about the argument.4. Ifs important for the figures(update) regularly.5. (translate) into English,
26、 the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.6. Look over there theres a very long, winding path (lead) up to the house.7. Recently a survey(compare) prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.8. Tsinghua University, (found) in
27、1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.9. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable(hold).10. Simon made a big bamboo box(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.11. The footballer didnt succeed in scoring, though( give) se
28、veral chances by his teammates.12. Micro blogs experienced rapid growth in 2010 in China, with the number of micro blog operators, users and visitors( increase) several times.13. Now that we*ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions (take) ?14. (catch) the early flight, we ordere
29、d a taxi in advance and got up very early.15. (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.16. (absorb) in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.17. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without (recognize).18. Anxious
30、ly, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only (find) it didnt fit.19. When it comes to (speak) in public, no one can match him.20. (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.21. Its quite hot today. Do you feel like (g
31、o) for a swim?22. Children, when(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.23. (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.24. They came up with a lot of plans at the meeting, none of them(carry) out in
32、 their work.25. (expose) to alcohol, whether for an adult or for a teenager, is definitely harmful from all aspects.26. (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the money in the car.27. She would move quietly up to the sparrow on a small tree just to get a bett
33、er look, her face(shine) with childlike expressions at one of Gods simple wonders.28. (taste) nice, the food was all eaten up soon.29. With lots of problems(solve) in the class, our teacher looks very relaxed and happy.30. In Singapore, people(catch) eating or drinking on the subway can be fined up
34、to 500 Singapore dollars.31. Passengers are permitted(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.32. She said she was unlucky(miss) the train, and had to spend another day here.33. The Silk Road Economic Belt(build) aims to enhance economic cooperation, traffic connectivity, as well as peo
35、ple-to-people and cultural exchanges.34. Environmentalists observe that there is less fresh water for drinking and irrigation, thus(endanger) agriculture downstream.35. The parents do everything they can (provide) their daughter with good education, so that she will get a good job in the future.36.
36、I learned that he was 21 years old, (study) Asian literature and history at Sydney University.37. The little girl, with tears(roll) down her cheeks, stopped crying suddenly when given an apple.38. (attract) by the latest electronic toys, the little boy stood in front of the windows, without moving.3
37、9. When he was ready to leave he found his bicycles front tyro flat. He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle (repair).40. Eventually, I decided(contact) University Student Legal Services for help about this matter.(二)语篇填空1 (keep) a diary in English is one of the effective ways
38、 to improve our English writing ability.2 (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes less time. It can help us 3_ (develop) the habit of thinking in English. _4_ we persist in this practice, gradually well learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English,
39、we certainly run up against many _5_ (difficult) . In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble 6_ (find) appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us7 (put) them into E
40、nglish properly.As far as I 8(concern), my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help,
41、if necessary. In short, I believe that it is 9 great use to keep a diary in English for 10 development of our writing skills.答案（）单句填空1. rising。rise与其逻辑主语smoke是主动关系，而且他所看到的是正在升起的烟，所 以用rise的现在分词形式。2. joinedo island和join之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词。joined to the mainland by a bridge”相当于定语从句“which is joined to the m
42、ainland by a bridge”。3. saying。该句中已有谓语动词pretended,逗号后再出现动词应使用非谓语动词形式。 根据其与逻辑主语Sarah的主动关系可知，本空应使用表示主动意义的现在分词形式。4. to be updatedo Its important for.to do.”是固定句式,再根据 figures 和 update （更新）之间的被动关系可知，本空应使用不定式的被动形式。5. Translated translate和句子主语the sentence之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作 状语。6. leading。lead与path之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因
43、此要用现在分词作定语。7. comparingo分析句子结构可知，主语是a survey,谓语是has caused。故所填成 分是充当survey的后置定语。根据survey和compare之间的主动关系可知，本空应填现 在分词形式。8. foundedo该句中已有谓语动词is,此处的found （创办，成立）应使用非谓语动词 形式。Tsinghua University和found之间是被动关系，故本空应填过去分词形式。9. to hold。形容词 easy, hard,difficult,comfortable 等后面通常接不定式，故填to hold。10. to keepo根据句意可知
44、，此处应使用动词不定式to keep作目的状语。11. giverio该句though后面是省略用法,动词give与the footballer构成逻辑上的动 宾关系，故本空用过去分词 given,相当于“though the footballer was given several chances by his teammates”。12. increasingo后半句是介词而th的复合结构，the number与increase之间是主动 关系，表示状态的持续，故本空用现在分词形式。13. takeno take与decisions之间是动宾关系,具有被动意义,因此用take的过去分 词形式作后置定语。14. To catcho根据句意，此处表示目的，故填To catch。15. Raisedo raise的逻辑主语是he,两者之间是被动关系，故填过去分词形式。