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1、Unit 4 Earthquake Grammar: The Attributive Clause【learning aims】Grasp the Attributive Clause.【learning important points】Grasp the Attributive Clause【Warming up】请同学们课前做好如下预习准备吧Look at the sentences below and read the introduction of the attributive clause on Page 90 to discover useful structures or t
2、he attributive clause. 我们把两个句子的意思用一个句子表达，如下，便成了一个复合句-定语从句。1) The man has been caught. He did the robbery. The man who/that did the robbery has been caught.2) The chair was a broken one. I sat in the chair just now.- The chair(which/that)I sat in just now was a broken one.3) A plane is a machine. It
3、can fly. - A plane is a machine which/that can fly.我也来试试吧6) I wanted to see the woman. She had already left. -_7) The one million people of the city went to bed as usual that night.They thought little of these events.-_8)Workers built shelters for survivors. Their homes had been destroyed.-_The Attr
4、ibutive Clause (1)用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词（或代词）之后，这种名词（或代词）被称作先行词，引导定语从句的关联词被称为关系代词或关系副词。兹将关系代词that, which, who, whose的用法简述如下。一、基本用法关系代词的一般用法列表如下：关 系代 词指 代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语表语whowhomwhichthatwhose从表中可以看出，who，that，whose指人，which，that，whose指物，只有which可代指句子内容。who为主格， 作主语；whom为宾格，作宾语；that指人亦可指物，作主
5、语或宾语；whose是属格，指人或指物，作定语；which的用法则更复杂。The man who was here yesterday is a painter.昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。（who作主语）The man who I saw is called Smith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。（who作宾语，亦可省略）A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read.用铅笔写的信很难读。（that作主语，指物）Is he the man that sells eggs?他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗？（that作主语，指人）I rece
6、ive the book which you gave me.我收到了你给我的书。（which作宾语）This is the book which has been translated into many languages.这就是那本有多种译本的书。（which作主语）二、主要区别(1) who/that区别：指人时，在下列情况下一般选用who：当先行词为those, one, anyone, nobody等不定代词时。例如：The one who knows me well is Tom.非常了解我的那个人是汤姆。在分隔型定语从句中，若先行词代指人。如：A new master will
7、 come tomorrow who will teach you German.有位新老师明天来教你们德语。先行词为there be 结构的主语时。例如：There is a man who wants to see you.有个人想见你。(2) which/that区别：代指物时，一般可以互换，注意：that和which可以互换，但在下列情况下只用that:当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。Is there anything(that) I can do for you? 我能帮你忙
8、吗？当先行词被不定代词all, only, little, much, some, any, no, every等修饰时The only thing(that) I can do is(to) wait. 我唯一能做的是等待。当先行词被最高级，序数词以及the very, the only，the same, the last 修饰时。This is the best film(that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。当先行词指人又指物时He talked about the teachers and school that he had visited.他谈到
9、了他参观的学校和拜访的老师。在who或which 引导的疑问句中Who is the man that is talking to Mark? 与Mark谈话的那个人是谁？在way后的定语从句中用that；也可用in which,或者省略引导词I dont know the way(that/ in which) he worked out the problem.我不知道他解那道题的方法。当关系词在从句中作表语时，用that，而且常省略。He is no longer the man（that）he used to be. 他不再是过去的那个样子了。以下情况用which，不用that：引导非
10、限制性定语从句。例如：Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。放在介词后作宾语时。例如：This is the hotel in which you will stay.这就是你将要住的旅馆。典例解析1. Do you still remember the chicken farm_ we visited three months ago?A. where B. when C. that D. what答案：C。由句意判断“we visited three mo
11、nths ago”为定语从句，修饰the chicken farm,关联词使用关系代词或关系副词主要取决于从句的句子结构，这里visited后需要的是定语，所以选用C.如果此项是which也可以。2. I have many friends,_ some are businessmen.A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom答案：D。本题考查定语从句，句意：我有很多朋友，其中有几个是商人。下面三个句子都是正确的：I have many friends, some of whom are businessmen.I have many frie
12、nds; some of them are businessmen.I have many friends, and some of them are businessmen.3.Why does she always ask you for help?There is no one else_, is there?A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn答案：B。本题考查定语从句和turn to sb.，由于所填的答案为no one else的定语从句，因此淘汰A、D两项。又因为tu
13、rn to sb. 为固定习语，意为“求助于某人，”由此淘汰C项选出B项。B项省略了作宾语的关系代词whom/ that。4. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_ people were eaten by the tiger.A. in which B. by which C. which D. that答案：A。本题句意是“很多看过这部电影的人，当回想到人被老虎吃掉的情景时，他们就不能去森林里了。”“people were eate
14、n by the tiger” 是定语从句，先行词the scenes 在定语从句中作地点状语，此时“in which= where”【Homework】下面的是课后完成的哦.用适当的关系代词填空1The boy_was here a minute ago is my brother.2The watch_is made in this factory is the best in our country.3Over there is the man，_brother is one of my classmates.4The letter_I received yesterday is fro
15、m my sister.5The train_was going to Nanning was late.完成句子(用定语从句)1He showed me the place_(他丢钱包的地方)2I dont know_(和你说话的女孩)3Wang Wei and Wang Kun were cycling along the river_(被称为澜沧江)in China.4Those boys_(正在打网球的)are my friends.5The day_(他将永远不会忘记的)is special for him.6The earthquake_(发生在1976年的唐山地震)shocked
16、 the people all over the world.7I looked up at my friend_(她的脸上的表情是坚决的)8The water in the village wells_(水井的墙壁有很深的裂缝)rose and fell.9The earthquake did great damage to the bridges，_(这些桥通行不安全)10Many shelters were set up for those_(他们的家园被毁)in the disaster.单项填空1I was born in New Orleans，Louisiana，a city _
17、 name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.Awhich Bof which Cthat Dwhose2Many children，_ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.Atheir Bwhose Cof them Dwith whom3Look out！Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair.Awho
18、se Bwhich Cof which Dthat4Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，_ of course made the others unhappy.Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat5His parents wouldnt let him marry anybody _ family was poor.Aof whom Bof whose Cwhose Dwhich6He told us the stories and the writers _ interested him.Athat
19、Bwhich Cwhat Dwho7Who is the woman _ talked with you just now?Awhose Bwhom Cthat Dwhich8She was so angry at all _ he was doing _ she walked out，and closed the door behind her.Awhat；what Bthat；thatCwhat；that Dthat；what9Do you know the boy _ father died in the fire?Awho Bwhich Cwhose Dwhom10Do you sti
20、ll remember the days _ we spent in the countryside ten years ago?Yes，Ill never forget the experience.Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhat11Last month，part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods，from _ effects the people are still suffering.Athat Bwhose Cthose Dwhat12I hope the little _ I have been able to do wi
21、ll do good to the partnership between us two schools.Awhich Bthat Cwhat Das13Pointing to the house on _ roof grew lots of bush，the old man told me that was _ I would stay.Aits；what Bwhose；whatCwhose；where Dits；where14The man makes full use of the time _ he can spare.Awith which Bwhen Cit Dthat15Its the most interesting film _ I have ever seen.Awhich Bthat Cwhom Dwho4