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1、高一英语 B00K1 UNIT1句子成分练习句子成分(Members of a Sentence)什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：一： （主谓）二： （主系表）三： （主谓宾）四： （主谓间宾直宾）五：
2、（主谓宾宾补）基本句型 一： （主谓） （不及物动词） 1. The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。2. What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 3. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 4. The pen writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。基本句型 二： （主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, se
3、em等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 （是系动词） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。4.The troubl
4、eis that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。There be 结构： There be 表示存在有。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词there那里混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示（存在）有某事物 基本句型 三： （主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格，如：me，him，them等 （及物动词） 1. Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案
5、？ 2. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。3. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。 4. They ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。基本句型 四： （主谓间宾直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如：Giv
6、e a cup of tea to me. 若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me,please. （及物） （多指人） （多指物） 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。基本句型 五： （主谓宾宾补）宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一
7、起构成复合宾语。名词/代词宾格 + 名词/形容词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词1. The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.2. New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松. 3. I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作. 4. The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户. 5. I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.但常用的英语句子并不都象基本
8、句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our
9、 school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yeste
10、rday. (定语从句)二、状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin,
11、you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictiona
12、ry in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）练习一一、划出下列句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I sh
13、all answer your question after class.4. They went hunting together early in the morning.5. His job is to train swimmers.6. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.7. There is going to be an American film tonight.8. His wish is to become a scientist.9. He managed to finish the work in time.10.
14、Tom came to ask me for advice.11. He sat there, reading a newspaper.12. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.13. He found it important to master English.14. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 句子成分练习题( 二 ) 指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whether well go depend on the weather .2. Peoples standards o
15、f living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4.The nursery takes good care of our children .5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow .6.We are sure that we shall succeed .7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8.Anyway I wont stop you from doing it . Seeing this ,some c
16、omrades became very worried . We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .Its strange that she doesnt come today .He likes drawing at times when he isnt working .句子成分练习题( 三 ) (选作)1、 _ six years since I began to study English.A. It is B. I have been C. There are D. It was 2 、_ in t
17、he room at that time.A. Nobody was B. Someone were C. Who is D. He are 3 、ITS very noisy outside. _ is going on? A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where 4、 _ in English in class every day is important.A. Speak B. Talking C. Saying D. To tell5 、There must be_ near the factory.A. a book store B. book store C. books store D. books stores6 、Although its raining hard, _ are still working in the fields.A. but they B. and they C. they D. since they4