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1、交际用语的讲解与训练交际用语 知识要点 情景交际是高考必考内容，主要包括习惯应答类和语言结构类两种交际用语。前者要求考生掌握一些常见的诸如打电话、问路、购物等交际话题的固定套语，以及表示感谢、道歉、请求等的应答用语。对于这类题目，考生要遵循英美人的语言习惯进行选择。后者则要求考生依据对话情景和所掌握的正确的交际用语作出选择。此类交际用语以习惯用法和变异句，如省略句居多，考生要注意积累和识记。 疑难突破1. 感谢、道歉、祝愿和请求。 感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求等都有其固定的应答用语，这些应答用语通常是高考考查的热点。对于这类题目，我们要紧紧遵循英语习惯进行作答。以下是常见的应答交际用语。（1）英语中
2、常用于回答感谢的应答用语有：You are welcome./Dont mention it./It is my pleasure./Not at all./Thats all right.（2）常用于回答别人道歉的用语有：Never mind./It doesnt matter./Not at all./Thats all right.（3）常见的祝愿和祝贺用语有：Good luck！/Best wishes to you./Have a nice time./Wish you a success (pleasant) journey./Congratulations！/Merry Chri
3、stmas！/Happy birthday to you!而常用的应答用语有：Thank you./The same to you./You too.（4）接受请求或邀请的应答用语有：With pleasure./Im happy (glad) to./No problem./Good idea./Why not？拒绝请求或邀请的应答用语有：Sorry，but./Im afraid，but./Id rather you./Thank you，but.2. 提供帮助和应答类交际用语。 例如：（1）What can I do for you？/Can (Could) I help you (wit
4、h the box)？/Would you like me to./Is there anything else I can do for you？/Do you want me to./Anything else I can do for you？/What else can I do for you？/Would you like some help？/Let me carry it for you，OK?（2）That is very kind.太谢谢了。（3）Thanks，that would be nice(fine). /Its very kind of you./Thank yo
5、u for your help.注意：接受帮助时不能说Yes, you can/may.（4）No, thanks (thank you). I can manage it myself./Thank you all the same./Its very kind of you, but I can manage it myself./Its all right. Thank you./No, its OK. Thank you.注意：拒绝帮助时不能说No，you cant. 以免显得十分无礼。3. 劝告和建议类交际用语。 例如：Youd better (not).Shall we./Why
6、not.What about/How about.肯定回答常用Thats OK/all right；否定回答常用No，thanks或Sorry.4. 告别类交际用语。 例如： See you. 道别时用语，Good-bye; Take care也是道别是用语，但表示“多保重” 。5. 介绍类交际用语。 例如： Nice/Pleased/Glad to meet you.为初次见面时的礼貌用语； Nice meeting you.为初次见面后的告别语。6. 打电话类交际用语。 例如： “Is thatspeaking?” 请问您是谁？ “Hold on, please”请稍等；“Just a m
7、inute, please.”请稍等；“Hello, who is it /that（speaking）?”喂，请问您是谁？ Hello, this is speaking我是-；Theres no Pippa here Speaking.这里没有叫Pippa的。 注意： 熟练掌握打电话用语指对方时用指示代词that/it.指说话者本人时用指示代词this.打电话用语还有:Are you there? 你还在接听吗? 7. 就餐类交际用语。 例如： Help yourself to some; Im full, thank you; Just a little, please; yes, si
8、r?8 . 提醒注意类交际用语。 例如： Mind your step/ head! Wet floor!; Look out!; Be careful!; Take care!注意：Look out!警告对方有危险；Take care 警告对方做事要小心，还可作道别时用语，译为“请多保重”；与look 相关的交际用语还有： Just have a look.随便看看.Look what youve done! 看看你干了些什么!9. 同意和不同意类交际用语。 例如： No way.没门儿；No chance.决不可能，即说话者确信某事不可能发生；I couldnt agree more .我
9、非常赞成或我再同意不过了。比较级用于否定句中表最高级。又如：It cant be better/worse; Far from it. 远不是，差得远呢，表远非达到某种程度，视具体语境，译法灵活。如：Do you think he is a good worker ?Far from it. “I will.表允诺、同意，译作”我会的；I should think so.表强烈赞成,译作“当然.I should think not. 与之相反，译作”当然不10. 肯定和不肯定类交际用语。 例如： It depends视情况而定；I have no idea 不清楚、不知道；Its up to
10、you你看着办吧。 11. 意愿和预见类交际用语。 例如：I hope so /not.I would rather not tell you ; I believe so /not. I guess so/ not.注意: I（dont）guess/ believe/think /suppose so /not.但不可说I dont hope so. 12. 表扬和鼓励类交际用语。 例如：Well done/Good work !干得漂亮！ Come on ! 加油！You can do it !你会做得好的！Youre doing fine!你做得很好啊！难点：Come on!有多种意义：
11、表敦促，译作“快点”。表鼓励、煽动，译作“加油，打呀，高兴点”等。了解对方所说的不是事实，译作“别逗了，算了吧”。13. 高兴类交际用语。 例如：Thats nice /wonderful/great/lovely! How nice/wonderful! Im glad/pleased /happy to注意：Im glad to hear that.此句是考查热点，表高兴或喜悦。14. 惊奇类交际用语。 例如： Guess what!“你猜猜发生了什么事！”用于说出令人感到惊讶的事情前。What?则表对方介绍一种情况，说话者觉得难以置信，希望对方重复部分内容。No wonder.表因果，前
12、一原因导致后来结果，译作“难怪，不足为奇”。How come ?“怎么会呢？ 15. 高考高频交际用语。 例如：（1）No way 没门，决不可能;No problem (回答请求)没问题；No comment. 无可奉告；No wonder. 难怪（2）Forget it（应答道歉）忘掉它吧,算了吧；Got it懂了，知道了；I mean it我是认真的Thats it.正是这样。（3）Not likely!不可能,不行;Not in the least一点也不；Far from it一点也不；Not really不全是,不会吧；Not exactly!不完全如此；Come on.快点；加油
13、；得了吧；Why not?好哇，干嘛不（同意建议）；Help yourself.随便吃，自己拿。（4）How come?怎么会呢?（惊讶）；So what?那又怎样？What for?为了什么；What if? 如果将会怎样？（5）Its a deal.成交；Its a bargain.便宜货；Lets go Dutch. AA制；Its my treat.我请客。（6）I cant agree more.完全同意；It depends.看情况，视而定；(Its) up to you.由你决定；Absolutely.完全可以。By all means当然可以,尽一切办法，务必；Go ahead
14、.开始吧，请吧，用吧，继续（7）Take it easy.别急，别烦恼;Take your time.慢慢来；Its nothing./Think nothing of it.没什么（回答感谢）；Never mind.不要紧，没关系，不用担心；It doesnt matter.没关系，不生气，不介意。（8） Me too.我也是;Me neither.我也不是；Its a piece of cake.小菜一碟；Cheer up.振作些；Cheers./Drink to ones health.（为健康）干杯;Better play it safe慎重，别冒险；You cant be serio
15、us! Are you kidding? 开玩笑。（9）Pardon me.对不起;Just in case.以防万一；Yes?我在这儿，有什么事？(A : Waiter! B: Yes, sir?)（10） So far so good.目前为止，一切都好；Thats not like him.那不像是他的风格；Its better than nothing.总比什么都没有好；Good luck.祝你好运；Just my luck.真倒霉，真不走运；You bet!当然；Drop me a line.写信给我（11）Ill keep my ears open.我会留意的；Youre the
16、boss.听你的；If I were in your shoes如果我是你的话。（12）Thats all right = Thats OK不用谢；没关系;Thats great /Good idea太好了；It couldnt be better 这再好不过了；Id rather you didnt 我宁愿不要；Hold the line,please别挂电话；Dont mention it/youre welcome不用谢。（13）Please remember me to your mum 请代我向你的妈妈问好。（14）A pleasure.=My pleasure=Its a plea
17、sure. 意为“不用谢”，当别人表示感谢时用它来回答；With pleasure. 意为“非常乐意”，当别人请自己帮忙时，自己爽快的接受（伴随着快乐）（15）Never mind用于当别人为某事烦恼或向你道歉时；Help yourself 随便拿/吃;you guessed it 你猜对了；Great,/exactly,/definitely/absolutely表示同意和赞成 20.Thats very nice of you 你真好；Thats for sure 当然;Thanks anyway不过，还是得谢谢你；It depends视情况而定；Not really不全是,并不是真的/真
18、的不行（礼貌的拒绝）；Im glad that you like it so much (别人夸奖你的服务等你表示感谢的用语)。注意： 对情景交际的考查是英语高考中的一种潮流和趋势。它的目的主要在于考查考生对英语知识的理解及应用，从而检测出考生的英语驾驭能力。这类题内容丰富，范围广，并无一定的模式。每一个人对于交际中所出现的情形都无法预料，因此，考生在复习中应从以下几方面着手：1熟悉句型结构，增强理解能力。2进行广泛阅读，积累各种情景中交际应酬的用语从而提高交际能力。3熟悉中、英两种文化差异，掌握两个不同民族的交际习惯方式。4多看英文电视、电影，多跟外国人交谈，从而提高英语实际运用能力。 这类
19、题虽然没有固定规律可寻，但只要交际能力提高了，解答这类题目就非常容易了。近几年来的考试结果，也说明了这一点。因此同学们不必担心害怕。只要我们在平时的学习中注意这些问题，考试是不难的。 即学即练1.-Could I ask you a rather personal question?-_ A. Yes, dont worry B. Of course, go ahead C. Yes, help yourself D. Of course. why not2.-Lets go and have a good drink tonight.-_ Have you got the first pri
20、ze in the competition? A. What for? B. Thanks a lot. C. Yes. Id like to D. Why not? 3.-No. Im afraid he isnt inThis is his secretary speakingCan I help you?-_ A. Oh you will. B. Oh, thats a pity. C. I should think so. D. Well. I look forward to heating from you.4. -Do you mind if I open the window?
21、-_I feel a bit cold. A. Of course not. B. Id rather you didnt. C. Go ahead. D. Why not?5.-Go for a picnic this weekend. OK? -_. I love getting close to nature. A. I couldnt agree more. BIm afraid not. C. I believe not. DI dont think so.6.-Will $200 _?-Im afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.
22、 A. count B. satisfy. C. fit. D. do.6. -Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night.-_ Im sure you had a wonderful time. A. Sounds good! B. Very well. C. How nice! D. All right!8.-Mum，Ive been studying English since 8 oclock_I go out and play with Tom for a while? -No, Im afraid
23、not. Besides, its raining outside now.A. Cant B. Wouldnt C. May not D. Wont9.-Im sorry Im calling you so late. -_ okay. A. This is B. Youre C. Thats D. Im10.-Thanks for the lovely party and the delicious food. -_. A. No thanks B. Never mind C. All right D. My pleasure 直击高考1.(2012江苏卷)There is little
24、doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _? A. is thereB. isnt there C. is he D. isnt he2.（2013福建卷）Not until he went through real hardship _ the love we have for our families is important. A. had he realized B. did he realize C. he realized D. he had realized 3.（2013湖南卷）Not once _ to Michael that he
25、could one day become a top student in his class. A. occurred it B. it did occur C. it occurred D. did it occur 4.（2013江苏卷） “Never for a second ,”the boy says, _“that my father would come to my rescue.” A. I doubted B. do I doubt C. I have doubted D. did I doubt 5.（2013江西卷）Only when he apologizes for
26、 his rudeness _to him again. A. I will speak B. will I speak C. do I speak D. I speak 6.（2013辽宁卷）At no time_ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. A. they actually broke B. do they actually break C. did they actually break D. they had actually broken 7.（2013新课标II卷）Only by increasing t
27、he number of doctors by 50 percent _properly in this hospital. A. can be the patients B. can the patients be treated C. the patients can be treated D. treated can be the patients 8.（2013天津卷）It was not until near the end of the letter _she mentioned her own plan. A. that B. where C. why D. when 9.（20
28、13新课标II卷） It was only after he had read the papers _Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. A. when B. that C. which D. what 10. (2013重庆卷）It was with the help of the local guide the mountain climber was rescued. A. who B. that C. when D. how 11.（2013新课标I卷）The driv
29、er wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked _by the police. A .not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not 12.（2013福建卷） -Would you mind answering some questions on shopping habits? -_.A. Yes, with great pleasure. B. No, I am afraid I cant make it C. Yes, it is worth the time D. No, as long
30、 as it doesnt take long 13.（2013江苏卷）The T-shirt I received is not the same as is shown online. _? But I promise you well look into it right away.A. Who says B. How come C. What for D. Why worry 14.（2013江苏卷） Thank you for the flowers. _. I thought they might cheer you up. A. Thats right B. All right
31、C. Im all right D. Its all right 15.（2013江西卷）-Thanks a lot for your book. I found it very interesting.-_. Im glad you enjoyed it. A. All the best B. It is nothing C. No thanks D. Very well. 16.（2014 浙江卷）- I am going to Spain for a holiday soon. -_. A. Its my pleasure. B. Never mind C. Leave it alone
32、 D. Good for you 17.（2014江苏卷）_! Somebody has left the lab door open. Dont look at me. A. Dear me B. Hi, thereC. Thank goodness D. Come on18.（2014浙江卷） Id like a wake-up call at 7:00 a.m., please? OK, _. A. help yourself B. youll certainly make it C. just do what you like D. Ill make sure you get one.
33、19.（2014安徽卷）Reading is the best way to pass time on the train. , I never go traveling without a book.AYou are joking BThats trueCI dont think so DIt sounds like fun20.（2014安徽卷） I get at least half an hour of exercise almost every day. Oh great! .A. Good luck B. Cheer upC. Same to you D. Keep it up21
34、（2013辽宁卷）What do you think of the house? _ Its everything weve been looking for. A. Perfect! B. Good idea! C. Not bad. D. So-so.交际句型 即学即练1. B选项A表示对对方的安慰；B表示许可、同意；C表示随便；D表示反问或责问。根据语境，答案选B。2. A。选项A用来询问目的；B是对人所提供的帮助表示感谢；c、D都是对问题的回答。而从第二个人答语可知，他不知对方为何请他喝酒，故答案选A。3. C。根据语境，选项A太直接，不符合习惯；B是对他人或自己不能怎样的遗憾；D是书
35、信用语；故答案应该选C，表示愿意要“你”帮忙。4. B。选项A表示不介意；B表示希望对方不要打开窗户；C表示要对方去打开窗户；D表示责问对方为什么不干某事的原因。根据I feel a bit cold，答案选B。5. A。根据句意，说话人同意周末去野炊，B、C、D三项表示不同意。cant/ couldnt agree more意为“非常赞成、完全同意”。cant/ couldnt+比较级意为“再不过，不可能更”。故答案选A。6. D。句意：-200美元够吗？-恐怕不够，我们至少还需要50美元。选项A.算数，被算入；B.使满意满足；c.合适，合身；D.行；够；据句意选D。7. C。句意：-你猜！
36、我在昨晚的晚会上遇到了一个老朋友。-那多好啊！你一定玩得很高兴。选项A是对他人的言语的评价；B表示事情做得好；C表示情况的好；D表示同意，许可。根据语境，答案选C。8. A。选项A表示请求允许，意思是：难道不可以；B一般不用于第一人称的疑问旬；C意思是：难道可以不，一般是对对方要求你做某事而你不去做时的请求；D的意思是：难道不行，一般用于对方不要你去做某事时的反问。答案选A。9. C。 本题在语境中考查了代词的用法。This指代下文，That指代上文，从文中可以看出that指代上句“calling SO late”没有关系。Thats okay =Thats all fight“没关系”是道歉
37、的应答语。10. D。 本题考查回答感谢的交际用语。No thanks是中国式英语；Never mind是“没关系”；All fight是“好吧”的意思，正确的应为Thats all right，可以排除A、B、c，故答案选D。直击高考1. A。特殊句式反义问句。根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。2. B。考查倒装句型。此题考查notuntil句型的倒装句，其句型为：Not until +从句+ 助动词+主语 +谓语，据此排除CD项;until的主从句均使用一般过去时态，故答案为B。3. D。考查倒
38、装。否定词(短语)放于句首，句子要部分倒装，此处即将助动词did放于主语it之前。故答案选D。4. D。考查倒装句型。否定词或否定短语位于句首，句子要不完全倒装，此处never for a second为否定短语，句子描述的为过去的事情，故答案选D。5. B。考查倒装。Only+ 状语(从句)放于句首，句子要进行部分倒装，即将助动词放于主语之前，故排除AD项;根据句意可以判断应该是对于将来事情的叙述，故使用将来时态，因此答案选B。6. C。考查倒装句型。否定词或否定短语放于句首，句子要不完全倒装，此处at no time(在任何时候都不，决不)引起句子不完全倒装，即将助动词放于主语之前。根据题
39、干时态标志词was可知选C。7. B。考查倒装句。Only+状语(从句)提前放于句首，句子应用不完全倒装，即将助动词can放于主语the patients之前，故答案选B。8. A。考查强调句。此处考查固定句型notuntil的强调句，其句型结构为：It was not untilthat+句子。故答案选A。9. B。考查强调句。题干可还原为：Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete only after he had read the papers，即可判断为强调句，因此填that。1
40、0. B。考查强调句。该句可还原为the mountain climber was rescued with the help of the local guide，故可知为强调句，答案选B。11. B 。考查不定式的省略。根据句意：这个司机想把车停靠在路边，但警察叫他别那样做。短语ask sb not to do sth，其被动式be asked not to do。其中do即为前文的park，故省略，仅保留不定式符号to。故选B。12. D。考查交际用语。Would you mind?的回答分两个部分来判断，A项“介意;非常乐意”，B项“不介意;恐怕我做不到”，C项“介意;值得花时间”，D
41、项“不介意;只要不会花很长时间”，可知只D项回答不矛盾，故选D。13. B。考查交际用语。A项“谁说的”，B项“怎么会呢”，C项“为何”，D项“何苦呢”。根据句意，选B。14. D。考查交际用语。句意：-谢谢你的花。-不用谢；我认为这些花一定会让你高兴。A项“那是正确的”，B项“行;好的”，C项“我很好”，D项“没事，不要紧，没关系”；不用谢。根据句意选D。15. B。考查交际用语。根据语境：-非常感谢你的书。我发现这书非常有趣。-没什么。非常高兴你喜欢。可知考查对感谢的回答，故选B(没什么)。16. D。本题考点为情景交际。 前文意思为“我马上要去西班牙度假了”，后文回答“真不错啊”。本题比
42、较简单。A、B、C选项的干扰度比较小。A选项意为“我的荣幸”；B选项以为“不要紧；没关系”，常用于回答“对不起”；C选项意为“离我远点”。D.“真不错啊！”合题意。17. A。考察交际用语。Dear me天哪！（表示惊讶）Hi，there嗨，你好；Thank goodness谢天谢地；Come on加油；得了吧！句意：天哪！有人让实验室的门开着。不要看着我！不是我干的。根据句意可知前者对于实验室的门还开着很惊讶。故选择A项。18. D。考查情景交际。前文在做出一个请求，请求早上7点的一个叫醒电话服务，下文回答ok, 答应了，因此选D（我会确保你能接到这个叫醒电话的）。A选项“请自便”，B选项“你肯定能做到的”；C选项“做你喜欢做的”都不符合语境。19. B。本题主要考察交际用语。A你在开玩笑吧！B那是真的；C我不这么认为；D听起来很有趣。句义：看书是在火车上消磨时间的最好的方法。这是真的，我从来都没有不带书就去旅游。根据句义可知后者同意前者的观点。故B正确。20. D。考察交际用语。句意：物品每天至少锻炼半个小时。真是太棒了！坚持下去！A祝你好运；B振作起来；C和你一样；D坚持下去；根据句义可知后者鼓励前者坚持下去。故D正确。21. A。考查交际用语。根据后句“它正是我们在寻找的东西”，故选A(太完美了)。8