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1、it用法的讲解与训练It 用法 知识要点 在英语中，it的使用相当广泛，它既可用作代词，如人称代词（personal it）、指示代词（demonstrative it）及非人称代词（impersonal it）, 也可用作引导词（anticipatory it）和强调结构中的强调词（emphatic it）。例如： 1. Someoneis ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is. 有人在按门铃。去看看是谁。（人称代词） 2.Whats this? 这是什么？ 3. Its a book.这是一本书。（指示代词） 4. What a long w
2、ay it is from Beijing to London! 从北京到伦敦真远。（非人称代词） 5. Its best to plant trees in spring because its warmer.春天是植树的最佳时节，因为天气更暖和。（作引导词） 6. It was I who met him in the park last week. 是我上星期在公园遇到他的。（强调结构中的强调词） 疑难突破1、it作代词（1）用作指示代词（demonstrative it）相当于this或that，it有时不特指某件东西，而代表前面已提到的或将会发生的某件事情。-Who is knock
3、ing at the door? 谁在敲门？-Its me. 是我。I had a talk with the student. It was very helpful to her. 我和那个学生谈了次话，对她非常有帮助。It happened during my stay in the United States. 事情发生在我在美国的时候。-Whose exercise book is that? 谁的作业本？-Its his . 是他的。（2）用作人称代词（personal it）代替前文提到过的事物，it作真实主语或宾语。The frog is not a warm-blooded
4、animal. It is a cold-blooded one.青蛙不是温血动物，它是冷血动物。My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere. 我的笔丢了，我哪儿也找不到它了。I wont be back tonight. Please tell my wife about it .我今晚不回来了，请你向我妻子说一声。I was disappointed with the film. I had expected it to be much better. 我对这部电影很失望，我曾盼望它更好。Toms motherkept telling him th
5、at heshouldwork harder, but it didnt help.汤姆的妈妈不停地告诉他要努力，但这没起作用。（3）用作非人称代词（impersonal it）代词it可用来指除人以外的一切生物和事物，无阴阳性之分。可指时间、距离、度量、价值、自然现象（天气、气体、阴暗等）。-Whats the time? “几点了？”-Its half past ten. “十点半”（指时间）It is late autumn now. 现在是深秋。（指时间）It is rather cold today, isnt it?今天很冷，是不是？（指天气）-How far is it from
6、 here to the station? 从这儿到车站有多远？-Its about two kilometers. -大约两公里。（指距离）It is raining hard. 雨下得很大。（指自然现象）-Whats the cost of the dictionary? 那本词典多少钱？-It is sixty-three. 六十三元（指价值）It did not snow much last winter. 去年冬天雪下得不多。（指自然现象） 2、it作引导词 （1）作形式主语（formal subject） 当主语是动词不定式短语、动词的-ing形式短语和主语从句时，为了避免头重脚轻
7、，往往把主语放在谓语动词之后，习惯上用it作形式主语来指代后面的真实主语。这个it称为引导词（anticipatory）it，作形式主语，放在谓语动词后的主语是真正的主语。 1) 代替不定式短语。例如：Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? 国庆节前完成这个设计有必要么？In fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.事实上，在重要的足球比赛时，警察维持秩序很困难。Its not easy t
8、o finish the work in two days. 两天之内完成这个工作不容易。It is better to build houses on rock than on sand. 把房屋建在岩石上比建在沙地上要好。It is necessary to use a short-wave radio.使用短波收音机很有必要。It is not a good habit to stay up late.开夜车不是个好习惯。 2）代替动词-ing形式短语。例如：It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。It is dangerous walking
9、on thin ice.在薄冰上行走是危险的。It wont be any help my going with you.我跟你去也没什么帮助。Is it any good trying again?再试一次有用吗？ 3）代替主语从句。例如：It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.事实上，英语是公认的国际语言。It is a pity that you didnt go to see the movie.你没去看这个电影， 真是可惜。Has it been decided when we
10、are to hold the sports meet? 我们啥时候开运动会决定了没有？It is known to all that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492.众所周知，克里斯托夫哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。Does it matter if he cant finish the job on time?如果他不能按时完成那工作要紧吗？ （2）作形式宾语(formal object) 当复合宾语中的宾语是动词不定式、动词-ing形式短语、宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语的后面，而把引导词it放在全句谓语动词和宾语补足
11、语的中间。放在宾语补足语后面的宾语叫真正宾语，放在全句谓语动词和宾语补足语中间的引导词it叫形式宾语。 1）it代替不定式短语。例如：I dont think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 我认为不进行大量的记忆学好英语是不可能的。He feels it his duty to help others.他感到帮助别人是他的职责。She found it very difficult to answer the question.她发现很难回答这个问题。People in the west m
12、ake it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.西方国家的人们习惯为他们的亲戚朋友买圣诞礼物。The little boy found it very interesting to study English.那小男孩发现学英语很有趣。 2）it代替动词-ing形式短语。例如：I think it no use telling them.我认为告诉他们没用。Do you consider it necessary sending morepeopleover?你觉得再派一些人去有必要吗？We thi
13、nk it a waste arguing with him.我们认为和他争吵是浪费时间。 3)it代替从句。例如：I hate it when people talk with their mouths full我讨厌人们说话时嘴里吃东西。They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.他们想向公众表明，他们所做的工作既重要又有必要。We think it necessary that we (should) attend the meeting.我们认为我们去参加那个会
14、议很有必要。They found it strange that no onewouldtake the money.他们感到奇怪，谁也不要这笔钱。 3、it用在强调结构中。例如： 当我们要强调句子的某一部分（通常总是主语，宾语或状语）时，常用强调结构。其形式为“it is (was)+被强调的部分+who(that)+句子的其它成分”。在这种结构中，it无实际意义，它只帮助改变一个句子的结构，使某一成分受到强调。如I told her the news at the gate yesterday. 这个句子就可借助it改为下列几种形式，各强调一个不同的成分。（1）强调的成分1）强调主语。例如
15、：It was I that told her the news at the gate yesterday. 昨天在大门口告诉她这个消息的是我。It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.是你的能力很重要，而不是你从哪来或者你是谁。2）强调宾语。例如：It was her that I told the news at the gate yesterday.昨天在大门口我告诉消息的是她。It was a pen that he bought in the shop y
16、esterday.他昨天在哪家商店里买的是一支笔。3)强调地点状语。例如：It was at the gate that I told her the news yesterday. 我昨天是在大门口告诉她这个消息的。It was in the bookstore that I met your brother the other day（上海1990）前几天我是在书店遇到你哥哥的。4)强调时间状语。例如：It was yesterday that I told her the news at the gate. 我是昨天在大门口告诉她这个消息的。It was not until 1920 t
17、hat regular radio broadcasts began.直到1920年才开始正规的收音机广播。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized that she was a famous film star. 直到她拿下墨镜我才认出她是著名的影星。It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 早在600年前第一座带有表面和时针的钟就造出来了。（2）使用“It is/wasthat
18、”强调句型要注意的几点1）被强调部分指人时，其后除了用that之外，也可用who或whom。强调的是主语时，使用who；强调的是宾语时，使用whom。例如：It was Mary who picked up the wallet. 是玛丽拾到了那个钱包。It was one of my old schoolmates whom I visited yesterday. 我昨天去看的是我的一位老校友。It was Jack that I met in the park last week.我上星期在公园遇到的是杰克。It was her that I met in the park yester
19、day.昨天在公园时里我遇到的是她。 2）强调句的时态一般说来，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，则用句型“It is . that(who, whom) . 。”如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用句型“It was .that(who, whom).”It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty.只是在最近我在读他的诗时才开始欣赏到它的美。It is Smith who is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.是史密斯先生明天去北京。 3
20、）在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不能用when、where、why或how，只用that。例如：It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go with us.就是因为她母亲病了，她才没跟我们一起去。It was in Shanghai that the Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1, 1921.中国共产党是在上海于1921年7月1日建立的。注意：可用“It is/was becausethat”结构强调because引导的原因状语从句，如上例所示，但不能用该结构强调由s
21、ince或as引导的原因状语从句，如不能说:It is everybody is here that lets begin our discussion.也不能说: It was as it was raining hard that they had to stay at home.4）强调“not.until”结构 在强调“not.until”结构中由until短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型“It is/was not until . that . 。” 其中that从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。例如：My father did not come until 12 oclo
22、ck last night.It was not until 12 oclock last night that my father came home.昨晚直到十二点我父亲才回家。It was not until his father came in that the boy began to prepare his lessons直到她爸爸进来时，那个男孩才开始复习功课。It was not until she came to see us that we knew her mother was ill in bed直到她来看我们时，我才知道她妈妈卧病在床。5）在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分
23、时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序。例如：Did this happen in Guangzhou?Was it in Guangzhou that this happened? 此事是在广州发生的吗？Was it in 1969 that the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon？是在1969年美国宇航员成功登上月球的吗？6）特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强调结构是：“疑问词+is/was it +that ？”When did you get to know her?When was it that you got to
24、know her?你是在什么时候认识她的？7）可以强调方式状语和以because引导的原因状语从句。例如：It was unwillingly that he did it for me. 他是不情愿地替我做的那件事。It was because he was ill that we had to come back early.正是因为他病了，我们才不得不早归。8）可以强调宾语补足语，当连系动词不是be，表语部分是名词性词组时，也可使用这种结构强调表语，但是，当连系动词是be时，不能强调表语。例如：It is white that they painted the house. 他们把房子漆
25、成的是白色。（强调宾语补足语）It is a chief engineer that he becomes now. 他现在担任的是总工程师。（强调表语）9）强调句的谓语动词除了可采用现在时和过去时的单数形式外，有时根据需要还可采用复杂的形式。例如：Itmusthave been Mary that you saw just now. 你刚才看到的一定是玛丽。 即学即练1.Ive read another book this week.Well, maybe_ is not how much you read but what you read that counts. A. .this B.
26、 that C. there D. it2. Its the first time that he has been to Australia, _ ? A. isnt he B. hasnt he C. isnt it D. hasnt it3._ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. AThis BThat CWhat DIt4. There is still a copy of the book in the library. Wall you go and borrow _? No, Id rather buy_in the bo
27、okstore. A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it5. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. A. this B. that C. it D. these6.-Will you see to _ that all the papers should be handed in after class? -All right. A. this B. it C. me D. them7. He got his first book published. It
28、 turned out to be a bestseller. When was _? _ was in 2000 when he was still in college. A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It8.- He was nearly drowned once. - When was _? - _ was 1998 when he was in middle school. A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This9.- Did everyone pass t
29、he examination? - No, _ only three of them who passed it. A. there was B. it was C. these were D. that was10.-Who is making so much noise in the garden? -_ the children. A. There are B. They are C. That is D. It is直击高考1.（2014全国大纲卷25） Whos that at the door?_ is the milkman. A. He B. It C. This D. Tha
30、t 2.（2014山东卷4） Susan made_ clear to me t hat she wished to make a new life for herself. Athat Bthis Cit Dher 3.（2014陕西卷21） Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you w ill come. A. it B. you C. one D. this4.（2014浙江卷2） An average of just 18 .75 cm of rain fell last year，ma
31、king _ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. Aeach Bit Cthis Done5.（2012全国II9） Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A. herself B. this C. that D. it 6.（2012四川卷2）New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower
32、 cost. A. that B. this C. one D. it 7.（2012陕西卷13） No matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. A. him B this C. that D. it8.（2011北京卷34）The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase . A. them B. those C
33、. it D. that9.（2011天津卷,1）We feel our duty to make our country a better place. A. it B. This C. that D. one 10.（2011山东卷,24）The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.A. it B. them C. her D. that11.（2011福建卷,21）We have various summer camps for your holidays. Y
34、ou can choose _ based on your own interests.A. either B. each C. one D. It12.（2011重庆卷,27）-Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like. -What do you think of over there? A. the one B. this C. it D. that13.（2013四川2）The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than_ on the small ones. A.
35、 one B. this C. that D. itIt 用法 即学即练1.D。考查强调句型it的用法。把“ is”和句中的that省略后，该句话依旧成立，由此可知该题是强调句型的结构，所以答案只能是it。如果不能准确区分句子结构是该题出错的主要原因。2.C。考查反义疑问句中it的用法。按照前肯后否的句式，主句反问，选C符合语法表达习惯。3.D。 这是一道综合性的考题，考查it 充当形式主语这一知识点。句意：他总是改变主意，这一做法很令我担忧。句中It充当形式主语，真正的主语是the way，其后又有定语从句 he keeps changing his mind 修饰。 了解it 在主语从句中
36、的应用，充当形式主语。 It用作形式主语 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 4.A。本题考查的是代词one和it的代替用法。句意： 这本书在图书馆还用一本，你去借吗？不,我宁愿去书店买一本。因为图书馆里只有一本同样的书，用it 表示同类事物。在第二个空中，用one表示某一本书，因为书店中应不只有一本同样的书。代词one和it的代替用法时的区别是，one是表示泛指，是指同类的某一个，it是特指并且是同一个。 5.C。考查it作形式宾语的用法。it在该句中是形式宾语，真正的宾语是when and where the meeting would
37、 be held受选项设计的影响，及it充当形式宾语的用法的不理解有的学生对该题的考查目标不清楚，这样可能会选择A/B 。 It 作形式宾语 用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。6.B。 本题考查it作形式宾语的用法，真正的宾语是that从句，本句意思是“你能不能负责下课后把所有的试卷都收上来？”。7.B。 这是一道综合性的考题，考查this/that指代句子的用法，及it在强调句型中的运用。第一空用that 指代上文。第二空是it引出的强调句型。 It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who) 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句
38、子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。8.【答案与解析】A。that可以用来指代前文的内容，而it在此指代时间。this一般指下文要提到的，而that指上文已经提到过的事情。9.B。先排除A，因此主谓不一致，在排除C，表示“这是三个通过考试的”应该用表示特指these are the three of them，D中用that就更不对了。所以本题只能选B，是个强调句，“通过考试的就他们中的三个人”。10.D。这是一个强调句，后面省略了“that are making so much noise in the garden”。直击高考1.B。考查代词的用法。句意：“谁在门外？”“是送牛奶的。
39、”因为不知道门外是什么人，故用it指代不清楚的人。故选B。2.C。考查代词。句意：苏珊向我清楚地表明她希望为自己开创新的生活。that she wished to make a new life for herself是宾语从句，it为形式宾语，本句为“make itadj. to sbthat从句”结构。故选C。3.A。考查代词。Id appreciate it if/when/that是固定句式，it作形式宾语，故选A。4.B。考查代词辨析。句意：去年这里的平均降水量为18.75厘米，这使得去年成为加利福尼亚自1850年建州以来最干旱的一年。这里用it来指代上文提到的last year。e
40、ach每个，每一个；this意为“这，这个”，常用来指代下文提到的事物；one泛指某一个。故选B项。5.D。考查代词的用法。此处it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式短语。句意：Sarah今天早上成功地及时到达了机场赶上了她的航班。6.D。本题考查代词。题干为固定句型：make + it + adj. + to do。其中it作形式宾语，替代动词不定式to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost。句意为：新兴科技已经使得更快地、以更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。7.D。考查代词。所填词做使役动词make的形式宾语，真正宾语是to go for
41、a walk，选D。8.C。考查代词it的用法。句意为“由于当地政府的努力，大城市里的就业率持续升高。”it代指前面交代过的“the employment rate”，是单数，而them和those是复数。因此选C。9.A。考查代词it的用法。句意为“我们觉得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职责。”it在此句中充当形式宾语，代指“to make our country a better place”。 因此选A。10.A。考查it的用法。句意为“这两个女孩长得很相像，不熟悉的人很难将她俩区分开来。”it在此句中充当形式宾语，代指“to tell one from the other”。 因此选A。
42、11.C。考查不定代词one的用法。句意为“在你们的假期里，我们这儿有各种暑期夏令营，你们可以根据自己的兴趣任选一个。”one代替单数可数名词，表泛指，相当于“a/an + 单数名词”。这里泛指某个summer camp夏令营。因此选C。12. D。句意为“我真傻！想不起来自己的行李是什么样子的。你看 看那边的是不是你的？”指示代词that指时间与空间上较远的事物，over there交代了空间上的远距离。this指时间与空间上较近的事物，the one和it都特指前面曾经交代过的事物。结合语境，选D。13.C。本题考查比较句型中比较对象的替代，通常可以用that替代不可数名词、those替代可数名词复数。比较对象the traffic为不可数名词，故使用that来替代，答案为C。8