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1、湖南省部分市2019-2020年高一下学期英语期末考试试题精选汇编语法填空专题01【郴州市2019-2020高一下学期】第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。How do people communicate with each other? Words and sentences are_36_importance in communication, but we communicate using not only spoken and_37_(write) words, but also
2、 body language. Body language_38_(differ) from culture to culture.Every culture has developed a formal way_39_(greet) strangers to show welcome, friendliness, enthusiasm and so on._40_(traditional), Europeans and Americans shake hands, _41_means they trust each other.Greetings are different around_4
3、2_world. In China, we put the right hand over the left and bow slightly. Muslims give a “salaam”, where they touch their heart, mouth, and forehead. Hindus (印度教徒) join their hands and bow their heads in respect.Today, people still use their_43_(hand) in formal greetings to mean trust. American youth
4、s often greet each other with the_44_(express) “give me five”Body language can show_45_(much) information than words, so people easily give themselves away by their gestures.【答案】36. of 37. written 38. differs 39. to greet 40. Traditionally 41. which 42. the 43. hands 44. expression 45. more【解析】这是一篇说
5、明文。文章讲述了肢体语言的一些事情，包括其特点、一些国家肢体语言的用法含义以及肢体语言在当今社会中的价值。【36题详解】考查介词。此处是主系表结构，介词短语作表语，of + n.= adj.，此处of importance=important（重要的）。故填of。【37题详解】考查过去分词。名词words 和动词write是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词表被动，作名词words 的定语。故填written。【38题详解】考查主谓一致。本文讲的是事实，全文时态以一般现在时为主，此处也用一般现在时，主语Body language是单数，主谓一致，谓语也用单数形式。故填differs。【39题详解】
6、考查动词不定式。此处用动词不定式（to do）作名词短语a formal way的后置定语，表目的，构成a way to do sth（做某事的方法）。故填to greet。【40题详解】考查副词。此处用副词修饰后面整个句子，首字母大写。故填Traditionally。【41题详解】考查非限制性定语从句关系词。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是句子Europeans and Americans shake hands指的这一件事，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。【42题详解】考查冠词。固定搭配around the world（世界各地）。故填the。【43题详解】考
7、查名词的数。本句意为“今天，人们在正式的问候语中仍然用他们的手来表示信任。”主语people是复数，此处指“他们的手”，不止一只手，此空用名词复数，hand是可数名词，可加s。故填hands。【44题详解】考查名词。空格前为定冠词the，空格后为“give me five”（一种表达），该空作介词with后的宾语，此空用名词单数形式。故填expression。【45题详解】考查比较级。由than可知，此句用比较级，形容词比较级more修饰名词information。故填more。02【怀化市2019-2020高一下学期】第二节 （共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填
8、入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I felt lucky to have won a tip to Loulan, which is known_41_Chinas Pompeii in the desert. I arrived in Loulan on 24 July after several days of travelling. This commercial city was busy and_42_(wealth) about 2,000 years ago. I was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road between t
9、he East and the West. It is believed to have been_43_(gradual) covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400. I am so_44_(excite) to be here!On 25 July, a scholar from the local cultural institute Professor Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin_45_(discover) th
10、e ruins of the Loulan Kingdom. Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand, together with a lot of_46_(treasure), including coins, painted pots, material such as silk, documents and wall paintings. There was_47_ ancient water system_48_ran through the middle of the city The desert wa
11、s once a green land with huge tees, but they_49_(cut) down and that resulted in the city_50_(bury) by sand- what a pity!【答案】41. as 42. wealthy 43. gradually 44. excited 45. discovered 46. treasures 47. an 48. which/that . 49. were cut 50. being buried【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己去楼兰旅行的经历。【41题详解】考查介词。句意：我很幸运地
12、得到了去楼兰的，这里被称为中国的沙漠庞贝。短语be known as 以文明。故填as。【42题详解】考查形容词。句意：大约在2000年前，这个商业城市是繁忙而富有的。由句中and可知，设空处应填的词和busy并列，所以wealth应用其形容词形式。故填wealthy。【43题详解】考查副词。句意：据说，从公元200年到公元400年，它被沙尘暴逐渐覆盖。设空处单词修饰动词covered，应用其副词形式。故填gradually。【44题详解】考查形容词。句意：来到这里我很兴奋。设空处所给词在句中作表语，用其形容词形式，又因此处指的是人很兴奋。故填excited。【45题详解】考查动词时态。句意：
13、7月25日，当地文化研究所的张教授告诉我们，大约在1900年，欧洲探险家斯文赫丁发现了楼兰王国的废墟。根据语境可知设空处所给词在宾语从句中作谓语，且根据时间状语around the year 1900可知应用一般过去时，故填discovered。【46题详解】考查名词。句意：斯文发现了被埋在沙子下面的建筑物残骸，以及许多财宝。设空处应填名词，根据设空处前面的a lot of 可知应用其复数形式，故填 treasures。47题详解】考查冠词。句意：有一个古老的水系统。这里system为可数名词，单数，非特指。前形容词 ancient 发音以元音音素开头。故填 an。【48题详解】考查定语从句。
14、句意：有一个穿越市中心的古老的水系统。定语从的先行词为system,且在从句中做主语。故填关系代词that/which。【49题详解】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：但是他们被砍到了。根据语境可知they指代的是trees且句子的时态是一般过去时；主语和设空处所给词之间是被动关系。故填were cut。【50题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：结果导致了这座城市被沙子掩埋了多可惜啊!这里用非谓语动词作宾语，又因设空处前是介词，需用动名词形式，由后文的by可知此处表示被动。故填being buried。03【娄底市2019-2020高一下学期】语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）
15、或括号内单词的正确形式。Among the few scientists who have had a great effect on science and history, Albert Einstein is perhaps the_61_(great). An American university president once commented that Einstein had created_62_new view of the universe. His theory has completely changed the way scientists understand t
16、ime and space. Now, more and more people agree that the universe is something more complicated than _63_they have ever thought before.Einstein _64_(bear) in Germany in 1879. In 1914, young Einstein, already internationally famous, became a professor at an institute in Berlin. He had few duties, litt
17、le teaching and unlimited opportunities for study. However,_65_peaceful life was soon broken by the First World War.Einstein hated violence. He was deeply affected by the war; he sat _66_(happy) in his office doing nothing and _67_(lose) interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he
18、able to get back to work.In the years _68_(follow) the First World War, people showered honor upon him. He became the head of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Theoretical Physics. In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize _69_Physics and was greatly honored and respected in Germany. However, his life was again
19、disrupted. The Second World War broke out and Einstein had to moved to the US, _70_he lived until his death in 1955.【答案】61. greatest 62. a 63. what 64. was born 65. his 66. unhappily 67. lost 68. following 69. for 70. where【解析】本文是记叙文。讲述了著名科学家爱因斯坦的生平。【61题详解】考查形容词的最高级；由上文信息可知此处表示三者以上的人之间的比较，所以用最高级。句意：
20、在为数不多的对科学和历史有重大影响的科学家中，爱因斯坦是最伟大的。故填greatest。【62题详解】考查冠词。结合语境可知，应用a,因为不定冠词可以表示泛指，表示“一个新的关于宇宙的观点”，故填a。【63题详解】考查名词性从句。此处what相当于the universe that.句意为：现在越来越多的人赞同这个说法：宇宙要比他们以前想象的复杂的多。what作宾语，故填what。【64题详解】考查动词的时态和语态。表示人的出生常用was born。句意：爱因斯坦于1879年生于德国。故填was born。【65题详解】考查代词。名词前设空，答案首选限定词；结合语境可知，此处应填his。句意：
21、然而，很快第一次世界大战把他平静的生活打破了。故填his。【66题详解】考查副词。由文章中的“Einstein hated violence. He was deeply affected by the war”可知此处用happily不合适，应用它的反义词unhappily。故填unhappily。【67题详解】考查动词的时态 。本题易误用losing，认为其与前面的doing nothing并列。实际上doing nothing在此处作动词sat的伴随状语，动词lost表示的动作与前面的sat表示的动作并列，作谓语，用一般过去时，故填lost。【68题详解】考查非谓语动词 。此处意为“在第
22、一次世界大战以后的日子里”。years与动词follow之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词。故填following。【69题详解】考查介词 。表示获得某方面的诺贝尔奖时常用介词for。句意：1921年他荣获诺贝尔物理学奖，深受德国人民的爱戴。故填for。70题详解】考查定语从句； 表示地点的名词后设空时，很多情况下选用where引导定语从句。此处用where指代先行词the US，在定语从句中充当地点状语。故填where。04【永州市2019-2020高一下学期】第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。The
23、 abacus (算盘) _41_ (know) as “calculating board”, was a great invention in ancient China. The abacus _42_ (invent) on the basis of small rods (棒). Later, with the _43_ (develop) of productivity, the amount of calculation was greater. Thus, people invented more _44_ (practice) counter-the abacus. With
24、 the application of the abacus, people summarized many abacus rhymes (珠算口诀). By the time of the Ming Dynasty, people could use the abacus in calculation, _45_ was widely used in calculating weight and amount. Since it was easy to make _46_ abacus and remember abacus rhymes, the abacus was widely use
25、d in ancient China. Later, it was _47_ (gradual) spread around the world. People find _48_ they use can improve thinking and other abilities. Because it _49_ (require) cooperation of mind, eye and hand, it is a good way _50_ (improve) the comprehensive reaction ability.【答案】41. known 42. was invented
26、 43. development 44. practical 45. which 46. an/the 47. gradually 48. what 49. requires 50. to improve/of improving【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了算盘的发展史。【41题详解】考查过去分词。句意：算盘，又名“计算板”，它是中国古代的一项伟大发明。分析句子结构可知，know不作谓语动词使用。固定短语be known as意为“以而闻名”，abacus承受know的动作，因此使用know的过去分词作后置定语。故填known。【42题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：算盘是在小棒的基础上发明
27、的。算盘被发明是过去的事情。主语the abacus在这里为单数意义，它承受invent的动作，因此此处使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was invented 。【43题详解】考查固定短语。句意：后来，随着生产的发展，计算量更大了。固定短语with the development of：随着的发展。故填development。【44题详解】考查形容词。句意：因此，人们发明了更多的实用算盘。由more可知，此处使用形容词在句中作定语修饰counter-the abacus。practice的形容词是practical。故填practical。【45题详解】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：到明代为止
28、，人们可以使用算盘进行计算，它已广泛用于计算重量和数量。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限定性定语从句，abacus是先行词，它在非限制性定语从句中作主语，因此使用which引导定语从句。故填which 。【46题详解】考查冠词。句意：由于很容易制作算盘并记住计算口诀，算盘在中国古代被广泛使用。此处表示泛指意义，指的是一类事物，使用不定冠词和定冠词均可。注意abacus是以元音音素开头的单词，使用不定冠词时要用 an。故填an/the。【47题详解】考查副词。句意：后来，它逐渐传播到世界各地。副词修饰动词was spread。故填gradually。【48题详解】考查从属连词。句意：人们发现他们使
29、用的东西可以改善思维能力和其他能力。分析句子结构可知，空后是that引导的宾语从句，引导词that已经省略。在这个宾语从句中有一个主语从句，即空格处应该填入主语从句的引导词，主语从句中谓语动词use缺宾语，空格处指物，应使用what引导主语从句。故填what。【49题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：因为它需要心，眼和手的配合，所以是提高综合反应能力的好方法。由上下文可知，该句子使用一般现在时，句子的主语是it，谓语动词应使用单数形式。故填requires。【50题详解】考查固定用法。句意：因为它需要心，眼和手的配合，所以是提高综合反应能力的好方法。way后面可接to do也可以接of doin
30、g，表示“做某事的方法”。故填to improve/of improving。05【益阳市桃江县2019-2020高一下学期】第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。As teenagers, you have many _36_(dream). These dreams can be very big, such as winning the Nobel Prize, or they can be very small, for example, you may just want _37_ (become) t
31、he best student in your class. Once you find a dream, what do you do with it? Do you ever try to make your dream come true?Andrew Mathews,_38_ Australian writer, tells us that making our dreams come true is the biggest challenge (挑战) in our life. You may think you are not very good _39_ some school
32、subjects or it is impossible for you to become a _40_(write). These kinds of thoughts stop you _41_ (realize) your dreams. In fact, everyone can realize his dream. Keep telling yourself what you want. Do this step by step _42_ your dream will come true earlier because a big dream _43_ (make) up of m
33、any small dreams.You must also never give up _44_ (you) dream. There will be many difficulties on the road to your dreams. But the biggest one _45_(come) from yourself. You need to decide what is the most important.【答案】36. dreams 37. to become 38. an 39. at 40. writer 41. realizing 42. and 43. is ma
34、de 44. your 45. comes【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作为青少年，每个人都会有自己的梦想，第一件事就是记住你的梦想，不要受到消极思想的影响，告诉自己想要什么，一步一步坚持不懈地实现它。【36题详解】考查名词复数。句意：作为青少年，你们有很多梦想。空前有限定词many，之后接可数名词复数形式。故填dreams。【37题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这些梦想可以很大，比如获得诺贝尔奖，也可以很小，比如你可能只想成为班里最好的学生。want to do sth，固定结构，意为“想要做某事”。故填to become。【38题详解】考查冠词。句意：澳大利亚作家安德鲁马修斯
35、告诉我们，实现梦想是我们生活中最大的挑战。空后writer为可数名词单数，所填空应是不定冠词，根据writer之前的形容词Australian读音为/streln/，元音因素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an作为限定词。故填an。【39题详解】考查介词。句意：你可能认为你在学校的某些科目不是很擅长，或者你不可能成为一名作家。be good at sth，固定结构，意为“在某方面擅长”。故填at。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：你可能认为你在学校的某些科目不是很好，或者你不可能成为一名作家。分析可知，a为不定冠词，之后应用名词单数。故填writer。【41题详解】考查动名词。句意：这些想法会阻止你实现你
36、的梦想。stop sb.(from) doing，固定结构，意为“阻止某人做某事”。故填realizing。【42题详解】考查连词。句意：一步一步来，你的梦想会更早地实现，因为大梦想是由许多小梦想组成的。分析可知，所填空前后句为并列句，且为顺承关系，应用连词and连接，句子结构为“祈使句+and+主语+will do”。故填and。【43题详解】考查时态和被动。句意：一步一步来，你的梦想会更早地实现，因为大梦想是由许多小梦想组成的。分析可知，所填空为句子谓语，与主语之间为被动关系，结合前后文语境可知应是一般现在时被动，且句子主语“a big dream”为第三人称单数形式。be made up
37、 of，“由组成”。故填is made。【44题详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：你永远也不要放弃你的梦想。空后为名词dream，因此所填空应是形容词性物主代词作其定语。故填your。【45题详解】考查时态。句意：但是最大的困难来自于你自己。分析可知，所填空应是句子谓语，结合前后语境确定为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故填comes。【点睛】语法填空冠词方法归纳在名词或“形容词名词”前缺少限定词时，要考虑冠词。不定冠词a/an表示泛指，可译作“一个/本/座/”等；定冠词the表示特指，相当于“这，这些，那，那些”。下列情况很可能填a/an。(1)_+可数名词(单数)；(2)_+形容词+可数名词(单数)。比如文章的第3小题：Andrew Mathews, _3_ Australian writer, tells us that making our dreams come true is the biggest challenge in our life.分析可知，空3的结构符合“(2)_+形容词+可数名词(单数)”应填不定冠词，结合空后形容词Australian为元音音素开头的单词，因此答案为an。13