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1、高中英语名词性从句知识点（含练习）基础回顾1.表语：表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的-ing、不定式、从句来充当，它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。如：Her job is selling computers. 此句表语为selling computers如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的，那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。2.同位语：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。如Mr.
2、 Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us. 我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。Mr.Smith是主语our new teacher的同位语，指同一人。 同位语从句 I heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 that our team had won 解释news的具体内容，是同位语3.主句及从句： 主句就是整个句子中的主干部分，引导整个句子 从句是修饰主句的4. 副词：是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。正文一、定义在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、
3、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶 (主语从句)The trouble is that she has lost his address. 麻烦的是她把他的地址搞丢了。（表语从句）They have no idea at all where he has gone. 他们不知道他去什么地方了。（同位语从句）Do you rem
4、ember how he came? 你记得他怎么来的么？（宾语从句）二、语序名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时，必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头。 What we cant get seems better than what we have. 我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。The photographs will show you what our village looks like. 这些照片将向你展示我们村庄的面貌。三、 时态的呼应名词性从句特别是宾语从句中谓语动词的时态要及主句中谓语动词时态要相呼应，主要有下列几种情况：（1）如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现
5、在时态，从句的谓语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的制约。I wonder why Jenny hasnt written us recently. We should have heard from her by now.我不知道为什么珍妮最近没有给我们写信。我们现在应当收到他的来信了。Im sorry (that)I didnt say anything about it sooner. I certainly think （that）its pretty on you. 对不起，我还没来得及。我认为你穿上当然好看。（2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的谓语动词动作发生在主句的动作之前，
6、则从句的动词用过去完成时、过去完成进行时或一般过去时。The police found that the house had been broken into and a lot of things stolen.警察发现有人闯入房子并且很多东西被偷（3）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生，则从句的动词用一般过去时或过去进行时。I was told that they were designing a new machine.有人告诉我他们在设计一种新机器。（4）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后，则从句的动词用过去将来时、过去将来进行时或过
7、去将来完成时。We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon.当他宣布他不久就要离职时，我们都很吃惊。四、引导名词性从句的关联词引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同，它们分别是：连词：that, whether, if；关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever。引导从句时一般不用
8、逗号和主句分开。详细见下表：类 别词 义在从句中的作用that无任何词义仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分if和whether意为“是否”，表明从句意义的不确定性起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等关系副词when,where,why,how, however, whenever, wherever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语1、that从句及wh-关系代词和关系副
9、词引导名词性从句的区别 连词that在从句中不作成分，不含疑问意义；而wh-连词在从句中作成分，且含有疑问意义；或what/where从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句。It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。（that在从句中只起引导词作用，不作成分）What caused the accident is still a complete mystery. 事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。（What在从句中作主语） 2、that及whether引导名词性从句的区别。 that及whether都是连词
10、，引导名词性从句时，在句中只起连接作用，都不担任句子成分，使用时有下列区别：（1）动词doubt表示“怀疑、不知道” 解时，肯定句接whether引导的宾语从句；否定句dont doubt和疑问句Do you doubt要接that引导的从句。 I dont doubt that he will come soon.我不怀疑他不久会来。（此处不用whether） Can you doubt that he will win?你怀疑他会赢吗？（此处不用whether）I doubt whether it is true.我怀疑那不是真的。 比较：doubt表示“不信”解时，表示强烈的不相信时，在
11、陈述句中可接that从句。 I doubt that he will stay there.我不信他会留在那里。（2）that本身无意义，有时可以省略；whether本身有意义，在句中均不可省略。 He said (that) he was from New York.他说他是从纽约来的。（that无意义，可以省略） Whether he will go there is not decided yet.他去不去没定下来。（whether 有意义，不可以省略）（3）如果宾语从句表示两种可能性据其一时，只能用whether(or not)，不可用that。 I wonder whether he
12、 knew the manager(or not).我不知道他是否认识经理。（不能用that）I am not sure whether he will come.他来不来我没把握。（不能用that）（4）whether引导的从句能几乎作所有介词的宾语；that引导的从句只能作except, but, besides的介词宾语。I have no interest in whether he will come.我对他来及否不感兴趣。（不能用that）He is a good boy except that he is careless sometimes.他是个好孩子，只是有时有点粗心。3、
13、whether和if的区别 （1）whether可以引导discuss和介词宾语从句，而if不能。 I havent settled the question of whether Ill lend him the money. 我还没决定是否把钱借给她。（不能用if） They are talking about whether they will go there.他们正在讨论是否去那里。（不能用if）（2）在引起主语从句时，不能用ifWhether the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 2000年
14、奥运会是否在北京举行还不知道。（不能用if）Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing.问题是这值不值得做。我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。（不能用if）The question whether we need it has not been decided.我们需不需要它还没定。（不能用if）（3）whether后可以直接跟or not或or no，构成whether or not或whether or no，if则不能。但可以说wheth
15、er/if or not, whether/if or。I dont know whether or not hell come. 我不知道他是否会来。（不能用if）He will leave for Paris tomorrow, whether or no.他明天无论如何要动身去巴黎了。（不能用if）I dont care whether/ if you come or not.我不关心你来及否。（4）if 引导的从句可用于否定的谓语，whether引导的从句不用于否定的谓语。 I dont care if you wont come.我才不在乎他来不来呢。 He doesnt care
16、if you dont pay the money.你付不付钱他不在乎。（5）whether可以和不定式（to）连用，而if不能。 He didnt know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是现在结婚还是等等再说。They havent decided whether to go there or not.他们还没决定去不去。4、关系代词及关系副词引起的名词性从句的应当注意的问题（1）wh-ever引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义，相当于不定代词后加一个定语从句：whatever = anything that，whoever=anyone who,
17、wherever=any place where, whenever=any time when表示泛指（意为任何）；而what，which，who，when，where，how等词都有时含有疑问意义，表示特指。A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do. 计算机只能按人们的指令去做事。(特指人们的指令) It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 普遍认为，孩子要什么就给他什么不是聪明之举。(泛指无论什么)Whoev
18、er has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.不论谁救了这个溺水孩子都值得表扬。(泛指不论是谁)（2）介词后的who/whom，whoever/whomever的选择问题，则要看连接词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定，如在从句中作主语则只能选用who/whoever。Give them to whoever is likely to be interested.把他们送给感兴趣的人。（不能用whomever）五、主语从句(subject clauses)1、概述在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、
19、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。What he said is true. 他说的是真的。2、从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。从属连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不担任成分，不能省略。Whether she will come
20、or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。That they will go is certain.他们去是肯定的。3、it作形式主语引导主语从句。如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替，that 不可省略。 用作it作形式主语的结构：（1）It is/was +形容词+that 从句 Its natural that 很自然 Its unlikely that 不可能 Its strange that奇怪的是（2）It is/was +名词+that 从句 I
21、ts a pity that 遗憾的是 Its a fact that 事实是（3）It +不及物动词（后面不能直接跟宾语的动词）+that 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that碰巧 It appears that看来 It turns out that结果（4）It is/was +过去分词+that 从句 Its not known that 不得而知 Its said that 据说3、由关系代词引导的主语从句。（1）关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whic
22、hever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.走得最晚的应当关灯。What you have done might do harm to other people. 你的行为可能伤害别人。（2）what引导主语从句“的东西/事情”时，可用来表示the thing(s)which这种意思，引导从句，表示一样东西及一件事情，这种用法的what称为关系代词型what，who，whom，which，what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，
23、ever起强调作用。这些关系词在句子中充当成分，所以不能省略。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导。What I need (=The thing which I need) is a mobile phone.我所需要的是一部移动 。Whoever leaves the office (=Any one who leaves the office)should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。4、关系副词引导的主语从句。连接副词有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。
24、此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。Why he didnt come here is not clear to anyone.他为什么没来谁也不清楚。How a telephone works is a question which not everyone can answer. 是怎样工作的，这个问题并不是每个人都能回答。六、表语从句1、概述用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever
25、, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。2、由从属连词that，whet
26、her引导的表语从句。that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。 The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需
27、要一些冰淇淋。3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。Thats what we should do.那是我们应该做的。4、由关系副词引导的表语从句。Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。That is what he
28、 is worried about.那就是他所担心的。5、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。Thats because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。It seems as if he didnt know the answer.好像他不知道答案。七、同位语从句1、概述用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, que
29、stion等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康，这是事实。He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去。2、由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。Information has been put forward that more middle school gr
30、aduates will be admitted into universities.有消息透露，大学将招收更多的中学毕业生。3、由关系代词引导的同位语从句。The question who should be the first has not been settled. 谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来。4、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。5、定语从句及同位语从句的区别。同位语从句相当于名词，它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用；而定语从句的功能相当于形容词，它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限
31、制作用。八、宾语从句(object clauses)1、概述用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置及陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。He said he wanted to go to town. 他说他想去城里。2、作动词宾语 （1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，只起引导词作用，在句中不做成分，在口语和非正
32、式文体中常省去。I think (that) hell be right in a few days.我认为他几天后就会好的。（2）由关系代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句，在句中作成分 A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do计算机只能按人的指令去做。（3）关系副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句。关系副词 when，where，how，why 既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。I dont know where we
33、are going to have the meeting.我不知道我们将在哪里开会。Do you know why he said that?你知道他为什么说那件事吗？ （5）动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。动词如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语（一般指人me him her等）He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已经通知我们将什么时候讨论我的建议。(me不可省略)She pro
34、mised (us) that she would give us more help later on.她答应以后给我们更多的帮助。(us可省略)3、作介词宾语It depends on whether he is coming or not.这要看他是否会来。注意：that引导的宾语从句只在in, but, except, besides等少数介词后作宾语，形成固定搭配，in that在于（因为），but that要不是(只是)，except that除了。The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people f
35、rom trying to earn more.所得税过高是有害的，因为它可能使人不愿多赚钱。His paper is perfect except that there were some misprints. 除了一些印刷错误之外，这篇论文很好。4、作形容词宾语。Im sorry (that) youre ill.你病了，我很难过。5、it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语-宾语从句后置。正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样，我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置。特别是带复合宾语的句子中。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况：（1）在believe, cons
36、ider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess,hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等动词接复合宾语（宾语宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time我发现我们按时完成工作有困难。 She thinks it wrong that he didnt answer the phone她认为他不接 是不对的。 （2）在like，enjoy，love,hate,t
37、ake 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语 it。I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我不喜欢人们满口饭说话。 I like it that everyone passed the exam都通过了考试我很喜欢。 （3）由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接 that 宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。 We are thinking of it that well lend you some money我正在考虑借给你钱的事。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of w
38、hen you are absent. 你不在的时候我负责把他照顾好。（4）用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten oclock.要记住你得十点钟之前回家。6、否定转移及省略（1）如果主句的谓语动词是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，主语是第一人称的一般现在时态，其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义，一定要把否定词一道主句谓语上，从句谓语动词用肯定形式。I dont think he can d
39、o it better than me.我想他不会比我干得好。I dont believe he treated the child like that.我相信他不会那样对待孩子的。（2）如果think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等前有副词或表示强调的do, does, did；或者同其它词构成并列谓语；或者不以现在时出现；或者用作插入语中。这时候不用否定转移。 I really expect she didnt say that to him.我确实希望她不和他说那件事。 (有副词rea
40、lly) I think and hope that he wont be deceived by the man.我认为也希望他不会被那个人欺骗。 （有并列谓语)7、时态的呼应及语序。 在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则：（1）如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。They have no idea at all where he has gone他们一点也不知道他去了哪。Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night？你知道他昨晚和谁一起说话吗？ （2）如果主
41、句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态（一般过去、过去完成、过去进行）。 He said he would come to see us the next day.他说他明天将来看我们。I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing.我想知道他是否去过北京。 （3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。Dick asked Lucy how old she is迪克问露斯她多大了。 The teacher said the sun rises in the east老师说太阳从东方升起。练习
42、题1. _ makes his shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. WhateverD. Whoever2. Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. when3. See the flags on top of the buildi
43、ng? That was _ we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. What4. Could you do me a favor?It depends on _ it is. A. which B. whicheverC. what D. whatever5. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?A. thatB. whatC. asD. whichABDCB1. A warm thought suddenly came to me _I might
44、 use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which2. Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.A. where B. when C. how D. what3. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. N
45、o matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever4. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger , more prosperous economy. A. As B. That C. This D. It5. Id like to work with _ is honest and easy to get on with.A. whoB. whoeverC. whomeverD. no matter whoCBDDB答案解析1.C 主句完整,同时从句也不缺成分。
46、根据句意可看出that引导的从句构成及a warm thought的同位语。2.B 句意：请提醒我他说他将什么时候走。3.D No matter what/which只能引导让步状语从句，排除A和B。C和D的区别在于一个无范围，一个有范围。4.D 本题考查it 作形式主语, 后面的that 引导真正的主句从句.5.B 本题考查名词性从句中的介词宾语从句, 根据下文意思以及在宾语从句中作主语, D 不能引导名词性从句, who 表达的意思不对.第三部分 综合题 CBCBD1. _ we need more practice is quite clear.A. When B. What C. That D. /2. _ that there is another good harvest this year.A. It says B. It is said C. It was said D. He was said3. _ that she has received a doctors degre