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1、高考英语名词性从句知识点一、that 从句1、主语从句(1)that 从句作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,常见的句型有:It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+ that从句It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+ that 从句It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, exp
2、ected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+ that 从句(2)that可以省略,但 that 从句位于句首时,that不能省略。2、宾语从句(1)常见的可以接 that 从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如 think, make, consider等,可以用 it 作形式宾语。(2)That 从句一般不能充当介词宾语,偶尔可作except, in 的宾
3、语。3、表语从句(that不可省略)4、同位语从句连词that引导同位语从句时,应在某些抽象名词之后,如:fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility 等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,that在从句中不担当任何成分,不能省略。二、whether/if从句1、在表语从句和同位语从句中,只能用 whether 不能用 if;当主语从句放于句首时,只能用 whether 不用 if;当 it 作形式主语,主语从句放在句末时用 whether或if均可;discuss 后引导宾语从句时,必须用whe
4、ther。2、在宾语从句中(1)及物动词后:whether从句中不能有否定式,宾语从句为否定句时用if;if不能与or not连用,但可以用whether or not;whether后可以加不定式。(2)介词后:只能用whether, 不用if。三、特殊疑问词引导的从句1、主语从句:特殊疑问词引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语。2、宾语从句(1)常见的能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understa
5、nd, inform, advise等。(2)作介词宾语。3、同位语从句、表语从句四、名词性从句(与定语从句相关的部分)What=the thing(s) which/that, whoever=anyone who, whichever=anyone/anything that, whatever=anything that, where=the place where, when=the time when五、名词性从句的几个难点(一)that不可省略的情况1、主语从句,that从句置于句首时;2、当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略;3、由it
6、作形式宾语时,that引导的宾语从句中,that不可以省略。(二)wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别Wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。(三)as if/though, because, why可以引导表语从句注意:because引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason或cause,而且since,as不能引导表语从句。(四)that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别That 引导的同位语从句成分是完整的,that 在从句中不担当任何成分;that引导的定语从句成分是残缺的,that 在
7、从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。六、名词性从句中的易错点(一)that 引导的定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系,“的名词”,而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词,如:fact, news, belief, truth, reply, rumour, report, message等。That 在定语从句中必须作成分,可用which 或 who/whom 代替,而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分,也没有中文意思,只起连接作用。如:Alongwiththeletterwashispromisethathe
8、wouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.(同位语从句)Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthatwevisitedthreemonthsago.(定语从句)解析:在句中,that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容,that不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,而在句中,that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语,对先行词thechickenfarm起修饰作用。(二)名词性从句中,关于 it 作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点1)名词性从句作主语或宾语时,为保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如:Itsapitythathe
9、dontcometogiveaspeech.(形式主语)Wethinkitpossiblethatyoucanfinishthejobtoday.(形式宾语)2)谓语动词appreciate,dislike,hate,like,love,make 等这些表示“喜怒哀乐”的心理感知性动词接由if或when引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语it.例如:Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldcometomybirthdayparty.3)短语动词 answerfor,counton,dependon,insiston,seeto 等后接有that引导的宾语从句时,前面必须冠以
10、形式宾语it.例如:Imcountingonitthatyouwillcome.Shellseetoitthathegoesahead.注:作形式主语和形式宾语时只能用it.高考英语名词性从句练习班级 考号 姓名 总分 1.Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A.how B.when C.where D.why2.This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.A.how B.which C.that D.what3.
11、The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A.whomever B.wherever C.whoever D.whatever4.By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.A.whereB.when C.why D.how5.Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A.whateverB.
12、whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever6.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.A.that B.which C.what D.how7.She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.A.when B.where C.whether D.what8.Your support is importan
13、t to our work._ you can do helps.A.However B.Whoever C.Whatever D.Wherever9.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A.what B.that C.whether D.why10.The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.A.whether B.
14、that C.which D.what11.You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.A.whatB.thatC.whereD.who12.A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not _ ships are built for.A.what B.whom C.why D.when13.We must find out _ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.A.when B.how C.
15、where D.why14.The exhibition tells us _ we should do something to stop air pollution.A.where B.why C.what D.which15.- I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.- By working out every day.A.whereB.howC.whyD.If16._we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A.Where B.HowC.Wh
16、y D.When17.Exactly_ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.A.whether B.why C.when D.how18.- Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?- Yeah, but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.A.when B.why C.
17、that D.how19.Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A.whatever B.whenever C.wherever D.however20.I think _ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.A.what B.that C.which D.who21.Among the many dangers_- sailors have to face, proba
18、bly the greatest of all is fog.A.which B.what C.where D.when22.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, Thats _ I was born.A.when B.how C.why D.where附:参考答案1.C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_ we are now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。2.D3.C【解析】考查名
19、词性从句连接词。句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。故选C。4.D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知,后面为表语从句。分析句意可知,这里用连接副词how引导表语从句,充当方式状语,表示“如何”。故选D。5.B6.C7.C【解析】试题分析:句意:他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认。我还没有还。A.什么时候;B.在哪里;C是否;D.什么。根据句意,故选C8.C9.B10.B11.C【解析】试题分析:根据分析可知:You h
20、ave to know后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词,连接代词有:who, whom, whose, which, what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语,连接副词有:when, where, why, how,在句中担任状语的成分。Youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.是一个完整的句子,所以应该用连接副词来引导从句。句意:如果你已经计划好去那里的最佳方案,你必须知道你将要去哪里。故选C12.A【解析】试题分析:句意:船停放在海港里是很安全的,但这并非建造船的目的。isnt后跟从
21、句作表语,表语从句中的for后缺少宾语,用what引导,what与for连用,表示目的。故选A。13.A 【解析】试题分析:句意:我们必须弄明白什么时候来,因此我们能给他预定房间。Find out 后面跟着宾语从句。根据句意选when。14.B【解析】试题分析:考查宾语从句。本句考查宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语,故选项C错误,选项D担当定语,也错误。根据意思:这个展览告诉了我们,我们为什么要停止空气污染而不是我们在哪儿停止空气污染,故选择B。15.B【解析】试题分析:考查宾语从句。句中I是主语,wonder是谓语,how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词How是宾语从句
22、中的方式状语。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的,所以是针对方式题提问的,故用how。根据句意-我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。-通过每天锻炼。故选C。16.B【解析】试题分析:句意:我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知,主语从句缺少方式状语,因此选择how。故选B。17.C【解析】试题分析:考查主语从句的连接词。句意:准确的说,土豆是什么时候被传到欧洲的还不确定,但是可能在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。18.B19.A【解析】试题分析:本题考查宾语从句,考查方式为连接词。句意:有些人认为以前或现在正在发生的事情将来还会重复发生。根据题干信息,
23、“过去发生或现在正发生的事情,将来仍然会重复”,宾语从句中缺少主语,并且指的是事件,所以选用A。20.A【解析】试题分析:考查主语从句。句意:我认为关于他的画给我印象最深的是他使用的颜色。在主语从句中what做主语,指代物;that 只起连接作用,不做句子成分;which哪一个;who做主语,指代人;本从句中缺少主语, 根据语境可知,物做主语。所以选A。21.A【解析】试题分析:由句子意思可分析出sailors have to face 作定语,修饰先行词the many dangers,且从句缺少宾语(face.),要用关系代词。因此A选项正确。句意为“ 在水手不得不面对的许多危险中,可能最大的是雾霾。”22.D【解析】试题分析: A何时;B谁;C为什么;D哪儿。系动词is后是表语从句,四个选项均为连接副词,故判断缺少状语,根据题干中给出的提示信息pointed to the hospital可知“奶奶”说的是出生的地点,故答案选D。句意:奶奶指着医院说,“那就是我出生的地方。”7