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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师精编优秀教案英语： Unit2 Sailingtheoceans教案（ 2）（新人教版选修 9）Part One: Teaching DesignPeriod 1: A sample lesson plan for reading SAILING THE OCEANSAimsTo help students read about sailing the oceans To help students learn about the predicate Procedures Warming up byl
2、eaning about navigatorWhat is a navigator.A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. On aircraft,the position may also be referred to as a flightofficer. The navigators responsibilitiesinclude planning the journey, advising the captain or pilot while en ro
3、ute, and ensuring that hazards or obstacles are avoided.What is exploration.Explorationis the act of searching or traveling for the purpose of discovery, e.g. of unknown regions,includingspace space exploration,oroil,gas, coal,ores, wateralsoknownas prospecting, or information.Exploration has existe
4、d as long as human beings, but its peak is seen as being during the Age of Exploration when European navigators travelled around the world.In scientificresearch, explorationis one of three purposes of research the other two being description and explanation. Exploration is the attempt to develop an
5、initial, rough understandingof some phenomenon. Warming up by talking about Zheng Hes Seven Voyages In July 11, 1405, the eunuch Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty royal court set out on his first overseas voyage.In the following 28 years, this navigator proceeded to carry out six more voyages, accompanie
6、d by a huge entourage of可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师精编优秀教案nearly 30,000 people. By traveling throughout Southeast Asia, and around the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea and East Africa,
7、he also landed at over thirty different nations.He was the earliest largest scale navigationin worldhistory, coming more than half a century earlier than Columbusfamous exploits. Warming up by looking and listeningHello, class. Do you know this man. Yes, he is Marco Polo.Marco Polo 1254-1324, is pro
8、bably the most famous Westerner traveled on the Silk Road. He excelled all the other travelers in his determination, his writing,and his influence. His journey through Asia lasted 24 years. He reached further than any of his predecessors, beyond Mongolia to China. He became a confidant of Kublai Kha
9、n 1214-1294. He traveled the whole of China and returned to tell the tale, which became the greatest travelogue.I. Pre-readingWhat are navigational instruments. Navigational instruments were builtin the age of explorationto guide the explorers to their destinations. navigational instrument - an inst
10、rument used for navigatingartificialhorizon, flightindicator, gyro horizon - a navigational instrument based on a gyroscope; provides an artificial horizon for the pilotcompass - navigational instrument for finding directionsdepth finder- navigationalinstrument used to measure the depth of a body of
11、 wateras by ultrasound or radarinclinometer - an instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon instrument - a device that requires skill for proper useasdic, echo sounder, sonar - a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms
12、of the time for the echo of the pulse to return; sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging;asdic is an acronym for anti-submarine detection investigation committeeII. Reading for formsRead the text SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12 to: cut/ the sentence into可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - -
13、 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师精编优秀教案thought groups, blacken the predicative,darken the connectives and underlineall the useful expressions.SAILING THE OCEANSWe may well wonder/ how seamen explored the oceans/ before latit
14、ude /and longitudemade it possible /to plot a ships position/ on a map The voyages of travelers/ before the 17th century/show that /they were not at the mercy ofthe sea /even thoughthey didnot have modern navigational aids So/ how did they navigate so well. Read these pages/ from an encyclopedia Pag
15、e l：Using nature to helpKeeping alongside the coastlineThisseems to have been the first/and most useful formofexploration/whichcarriedthe minimum amount of risk Using celestial bodies North StarAt the North Pole /the North Star is at its highest position /in the sky, but at the equator /it is along
16、the horizon So /accomplished navigators were able to use it /to plot their positionsSunOn a clear day /especially during the summer/ the sailors could use the sun /overhead /at midday to navigate by They can use the height of the sun /to work out their latitudeCloudsSea captains observed the clouds
17、/over islands. There is a special cloud formation /which indicates/there is land/ close by. Using wildlife SeaweedSailors often saw seaweed/ in the sea /and could tell /by the colour /and smell/ how long it had been there If it was flesh /and smelled strongly , then /the ship was close to land Birds
18、Sea birds could be used to show the way/ to land /when it was nowhere to be seen In the evening/nesting birds return to land /and their nests So /seamen could follow the birds /to land /even if可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资
19、料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师精编优秀教案they were offshore/ and in the open sea Using the weatherFogFog gathers at sea /as well as over streams /or rivers Seamen used it /to help identify the position of a stream /or river /when they were close to land WindsWise seamen used the winds/ to dire
20、ct their sailing They could accelerate the speed , but they could also be dangerousSo /the Vikings would observe the winds /before /and during their outward /or return journeys Using the seaCertain tides/ and currents could be used /by skillful sailors /to carry ships/ to their destination. These sk
21、ills helped sailors/ explore the seas/ and discover new lands They increased their ability/ to navigate new seas/ when they used instrumentspage 2:Using navigational instruments to help Finding longitudeThere was no secure method of measuring longitude/untilthe 17th century/ when the British solved
22、this theoretical problem Nobody knew that /the earth moved westwards/ 15 degrees/ every hour, but sailors did know an approximate method of calculatinglongitude/using speed /and time An early method of measuring speed/ involved throwing a knotted rope/ tied to a log /overthe side of the ship The rop
23、e was tied to a log /which was then/ thrown into the sea As the ship advanced throughthewater/the knotswerecounted/as they passed througha seaman s hands The number of knots/ that were counted /during a fixed period of time/ gave the speed ofthe ship/ in nautical miles /per hour Later, when seamen b
24、egan to use the compass /in the 12th century /they could calculate longitude /using complicated mathematical tablesThe compass has a special magnetic pointer /which always indicates the North Pole, so/ it is used to help find the direction /that the ship needs to go In this way /the ship could set a
25、 straight course /even in the middle of the ocean Finding latitude可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师精编优秀教案The Bearing CircleIt was the first instrument /to measure the suns position A se
26、aman would measure the sun s shadow/ and compare it /with the height of the sun/ at middayThen/ he could tell if he was sailingon his correct/ rather than a random course. The AstrolabeTheastrolabe,quadrant/andsextantareallconnected. Theyaredevelopments/ofone another The earliest, the astrolabe, was
27、 a special all-in-one tool /for telling the position of the ship/ in relation to the sun/ and various stars /which covered the whole sky This gave the seamen/the local time /and allowed them /to find their latitude/ at sea However, it was awkward/ to use/as one of the points of reference/ was the mo
28、ving ship itself The QuadrantThis was a more precise/ and simplified version of the astrolabe It measured how high stars were above the horizon /using a quarter circle/ rather than the full circle of the astrolabe It was easier to handle /because it was moreportable Its shortcoming was that it still
29、used the moving ship /as one of the fixed points of reference As the ship rose /and plunged /in the waves ,it was extremely difficult /to be accurate/with any reading The sextantThe sextant was the updated version /of the astrolabe /and quadrant/ which reduced the tendency/to make mistakes It proved
30、 to be the most accurate /and reliable of these early navigational instruments It works by measuring the angle /between two fixed objects /outside the ship/ using two mirrors This made the calculations more precise /and easier to do III. Copying useful expressions and making sentencesYou are going t
31、o copy in your notebook all the useful expressions and make sentences of your own with them.sail the oceans, explore the oceans, plot a ships position on a map, the voyages of travelers, before the 17th century,at the mercy of, have modern navigational aids, read these pages from an encyclopediause
32、nature to help, keep alongside the coastline, seem to have been, the first and most useful可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师精编优秀教案form of exploration, carry the minimum amount of riskuse
33、 celestial bodies, North Star, at the North Pole, at its highest position in the sky, at the equator,along the horizon, accomplished navigators, be able to useto plot their positions, on a clear day, during the summer, use the sun overhead at midday to navigate by, use the height of the sun towork o
34、ut their latitude, observe the clouds over islands, a special cloud formation, land close byuse wildlife, see seaweed in the sea, tellby the colour and smell, flesh and sme,lled stronglyclose to land, use sea birds to show the way to land, in the evening, nesting birds, return to land and their nest
35、s, follow the birds to land, in the open seause weather, gather at sea, as well as over streams or rivers, identify the position of a stream orriver, close to land, use the winds to direct one s sailing, accelerate the speed, observe the winds, before and during one s outward or return journeysuse t
36、he sea, carry ships to their destination, explore the seas, discover new lands, increase their ability to navigate new seas, use instrumentsuse navigational instruments to help ,find longitude, secure method of measuring longitude, solve this theoretical problem, move westwards, 15 degrees every hou
37、r, method of calculating longitude, use speed and time, method of measuring speed, tie to ,over the side of the ship,throwinto, advance through the water, pass through, during a fixed period of time, give the speed of, in nautical miles per hour, use the compass, use complicated mathematical tables,
38、have a special magnetic pointer, indicate the North Pole, findthe direction,in this way, set a straight course, in the middle of the ocean find latitude, the Bearing Circle, measure the suns position, measure the sun sshadow,compare with , the height of the sun at midday, sail on, rather than a rand
39、om coursea special all-in- one tool for telling the position of the ship, in relation to, give sb the local timfind one lsatitude at sea, use as one of the points of reference, a more precise and simplified version of the astrolabe, above the horizon, use a quarter circle, use the moving ship as one
40、 of the fixed points of reference, plunge in the waves, the updated version of the astrolabe and quadrant,reduce the tendency, make mistakes, the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments, work by measuring the angleIV. Transforming information可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师
41、精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师精编优秀教案Next you are going to read the text again to complete the chart below. SAILING THE OCEANS可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ Using nature to helpkeeping alongsid e thecoastline Using navig
42、ational instruments to help可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ Using celestialbodies:NorthStar;Sun; Clouds finding longitude可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ Using wildlife: Seaweed; Birds Finding latitude:TheBearingCircle;TheAstrolabe; The Quadrant; The sextant Using the weather: Fog; Winds Usi
43、ng the seaV. Closing down by reading more about sailing the oceans Sailing the oceansFor thousands of years, people have been sailing across the oceans and around the world. Knowledge of ocean currents and wind patterns has allowed people to reliably reach their destinations even after crossing huge
44、 expanses of open ocean.In this photograph, a sailboat uses wind and currents to move among the islands ofMicronesia.Beforemodernnavigationaltechniquesweredeveloped, navigators in the South Pacific relied on stick charts to indicate island locations relative to winds andcurrents.Today, racing sailbo
45、ats is a sport, and teams test their skills by racing around theworld. Navigation now relies on satellites, but knowledge of wind patterns, ocean currents, and potential obstacles in unfamiliar waters is still essential for sailing.In this investigation, youll plot a course for racing around the world in a sailboat. Youll exploresome of the obstacles you might encounter on your route; then youllhave the opportunityto revise your route to improve your speed.Additional MaterialsComplete the summary o