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1、国2013年10月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题课程代码:00830 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项: 1.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号 用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标 号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。不 能答在试题卷上。 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices be
2、st completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2%10=20%) 1. According to Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to abide b
3、y. A. language B. langue 1 C. parole D. competence 2. Vowels can be classified in terms of each of the following ways except _. A.position of the tongue B.openness of the mouth C. manner of articulation D. shape of the lips 3. There are _ morphemes in the word “frightening.” A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 4. A
4、 speakers knowledge of his/her native language which is internalized in the mind of the speaker is not a complete list of words and phrases, but _ of grammatical knowledge. A.a rule system B.phrase structure rules C. movement rules D. transformational rules 5. Predication analysis is a way to analyz
5、e _ 2 meaning. A.word B.utterance C. phrase D. sentence 6. Speaker A: Im out of petrol. Speaker B: Theres a garage round the corner. Speaker B is violating the maxim of _. A.quantity B. quality C. relation D. manner 7. _, vowels tend to be nasalized before nasal consonants because it is difficult to
6、 time the lowering of the velum to produce nasality with the consonant articulation. A.Psychologically B. Sociologically C. Culturally D. Physiologically 8. A typical example of a _ community is an ethnic ghetto where most, if not all, of its inhabitants are either 3 immigrants or children of immigr
7、ants. A.diglossic B. bilingual C. pidginized D. creolized 9. Which of the following mental functions is NOT under the control of the right hemisphere in most people? A.Holistic reasoning. B. Temporal ordering. C. Visual and spatial skills. D. Recognition of patterns. 10. Which of the following choic
8、es CANNOT be considered as individual learner factors affecting the acquisition of a second language? A.Aptitude. B. Motivation. C. Interference. D. Personality. 非选择题部分 注意事项: 用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题 卷上。 4 II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the f
9、irst letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%10=10%) 11. Cultural t refers to the fact that the details of the linguistic system must be learned anew by each speaker, and they are not simply biolog
10、ically passed on from generation to generation. 12. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called s features, which are the phonological properties of such units as the syllable, the word, and the sentence. 13. D affixes are added to an existing form to create a word. T
11、his is a very common way to create new words in English. 14. A c sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other. 5 15. If we say “The baby is crying,” we must be talking about a certain baby crying in a certain situation; the word “baby” means a baby known to both
12、 the speaker and the hearer, which is the r of the word “baby” in this particular situation. 16. You can say “I swear he is the liar,”“I believe he is the liar,” or “I guess he is the liar.” All these utterances share the same i point of saying something the speaker believes to be true, but they obv
13、iously differ in the force of their statement. 17. In an a process, successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another in terms of place or manner of articulation, or of haplology. 18. In sociolinguistic studies, a pidginized dialect may expand and eventually become the native lan
14、guage of a certain population, which is known as c . 19. In general, brain damage or blood-clotting in one hemisphere may be accompanied by paralysis of the limbs on 6 the o side of the body. 20. According to Stephen Krashen, a refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the fir
15、st language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false on the Answer Sheet. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct v
16、ersion. (2%10=20%) 21. Speech and writing are the two major media of communication. In linguistic evolution, however, speech is prior to writing, therefore, the spoken language rather than the written should be given priority in modern linguistics. 22. There are two ways now available to transcribe
17、speech sounds: broad transcription and narrow transcription, of 7 which the really required and used by popular textbook and dictionary writers is the latter. 23. Compounds have different stress patterns from non-compounded word sequences. In general, the stress of a compound always falls on the sec
18、ond word, while the first word receives secondary stress. 24. Sentence is usually conceived as the largest unit of grammar. Normally, a sentence contains at least a subject and a finite verb or a verb phrase as its predicate. 25. The pair of words, “husband” and “wife,” are complementary antonyms. 2
19、6. According to John Searles classification of illocutionary acts, speech acts fall into five general categories, which are representatives, directives, commissives, expressives and declaratives. 27. Blending is a process of word formation, in which a new word is formed by combining parts of other w
20、ords, for example, smog, e-mail, motel, hi-fi. 8 28. In view of language as an effective means of communication, no single dialect of a language, be it standard or nonstandard, is any more logical, or any more purer than any other dialect of the language. 29. The right ear advantage in dichotic list
21、ening research provides evidence in support of the view that language functions are lateralized primarily in the left hemisphere of the brain. 30. Children who grow up in cultures where caretaker speech is absent acquire their native language more slowly than children who are exposed to caretaker sp
22、eech. . Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%10=30%) 31.diachronic study 32. vowels 33.root 34. syntax 35.argument 9 36. representatives 37.back-formation 38. speech community 39.Brocas area 40. acculturation V. Directions: Answer the follo
23、wing questions. (10% 2=20%) 41. Draw a tree diagram of constituent structure for each of the following two sentences. (1) A boy found the book. (2) The guide suggested the tourists take a rest. 42. One specific aspect of situational use of language is that of address term usage. Please explain what an address term refers to, what social factors addressers have to consider in choosing a suitable address term, and use examples to illustrate the frequently used address terms in English language. 10 11