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1、船舶交通管理中心VTS标准用语培训（中英文）课程框架一、课程概述：本课程主要简要介绍有关VTS专业用语。二、课程适用对象：1、值班员2、其他与VTS相关的海事工作人员三、教学目的：通过本课程的教学、学习，使学员可以娴熟应用标准海事通信英语，为供应卓越海事效劳，进步海事执法程度打下较好根底。四、教学方法（自学/集中授课/实际操作/其他）：自学为主、集中授课五、引用的公约、标准、规则等1、国际海事组织第22届大会于2001年11月29日以A.918（22）号决议2、IMO-SMCP六、教科书/参考资料国际海事组织标准航海通信誉语VTS操作人员标准用语（中英文）VTS标准用语（中英文）详细教学大纲课
2、程要点引用国际公约、规则教科书/参考资料学时教学/评估方式（笔试/实操/其他）1 导论2 总则3 词汇4 IMO海事标准用语PART A4.1 对外通信誉语4.1.1 遇险通信4.1.2 紧急通信4.1.3 平安通信4.1.4 引航4.1.5 特地用语4.1.6 船舶交管效劳标准用语 -1 要求船舶和为船舶供应信息用语 -2 VTS效劳用语 -3 转交给其他VTS -4 紧急救助与支持结合行动通信誉语4.2 船上通信誉语4.3 标准舵令4.4 标准车钟令4.5 引航员在驾驶台5 IMO海事标准用语PART B5.1 船上通信誉语5.2 船舶操纵5.3 船上平安5.4 货物与货物装卸5.5 旅客
3、照管1、国际海事组织第22届大会于2001年11月29日以A.918（22）号决议2、IMO-SMCP国际海事组织标准航海通信誉语264笔试/实操目 录第一章 VTS 通信协议 VTS communication protocols1第二章 总则 GENERAL12.1 程序 procedure12.1.1 交换程序 exchange procedure12.1.2 播送程序 Broadcast procedure22.1.3 遇险、紧急和平安通信程序Distress , urgency and safety communication procedures22.2 VTS 标准用语信文标题的
4、应用42.2.1 指示（INSTRUCTION）42.2.2建议（ADVICE）42.2.3警告（WARNING）42.2.4信息（INFORMATION）42.2.5询问（QUESTION）52.2.6答复（ANSWER）52.2.7恳求（REQUEST）52.2.8意图（INTENTION）5第三章 VTS标准通信誉语 VTS standard communication phrases5第四章 常见用语64.1信号强度 Signal strength64.2 选择工作频道 selecting working channel64.3 改正 corrections64.4 重复repetit
5、ion64.5数字Numbers64.6位置 Positions64.7方位Bearings74.8 航向 courses74.9间隔 distances74.10 速度Speed74.11时间Times84.12 地理名称geographical names8第五章 通信范例85.1动态报告 Movement Report85.2 作业报告 Operation Report95.3分道通航制 TSS95.4碰撞 COLLISION115.5搁浅 Grounding125.6失火 FIRE135.7油污染 OIL POLLUTION145.8遇险通信 DISTRESS COMMUNICATIO
6、N155.9搜寻救助 SEARCH AND RESCUE155.10医疗救济 MEDICAL ASSISTANCE17第六章 词汇 VOCABULARY186.1船舶标准186.2 船舶构造 SHIPS STRUCTURE186.3 操纵设备 MANOEUVERING FACILITIES196.4 平安设备SAFETY EQUIPMENT196.5 船舶定线制和报告制 SHIPS ROUTING AND REPORTING SYSTEM206.6 航行和操纵NAVIGATING AND MANOEUVERING216.7航标 AIDS TO NAVIGATION216.8 气象和水文状况 M
7、ETEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS226.9 港口设施和海岸特征 PORT FACILITIES ANDE COAST FEATURES226.10 搜寻救助 SEARCH AND RESCUE226.11医疗MEDICAL SECTION23第七章 字母和数字的拼读24第一章 VTS 通信协议 VTS communication protocols作为一个通信系统，必需制定协议，以保证VTS的信息是：As a communication system, protocols need to be developed to ensure that
8、VTS messages are:清楚的；Clear;简明的；Simple, and 仅包含必要的信息。Only contain essential information.应留意报文的构造和特征，如：Due attention should be given to the composition and character of the messages, such as :目的；Objectives;紧迫性；Urgency;权限级别；Level of authority;传播范围；Distribution;传输形式，如：介质选择；频道选择；通信程序；所用语言。Mode of transmi
9、ssion, such as : medium selection; channel selection; communication procedures; language used.第二章 总则 GENERAL2.1 程序 procedure一次完好的通信包括以下内容：称呼和识别；指定工作频道/频率；在工作频道/频率上通信；完毕通信。A complete communication normally consists of the following: Address and identify; indicate working channel/frequency; message tr
10、ansmission on working channel/frequency ; end procedure.上述过程假如有海岸电台（例如VTS台站）介入，则由海岸台站限制，否则可由发出初始呼叫的台站限制。This procedure should be controlled by a coast of shore radio station (such as a VTS station) as soon as it becomes involved in the communication, or controlled by the station that makes the initi
11、al call.2.1.1 交换程序 exchange procedure 两个或更多台站间互相完成了通信即为进展了一次交换。交换程序包括以下内容：This applies when two or more stations achieve communication with each other. An exchange is then said to be taking place. It consists of the following:初始呼叫：称呼+“我是”+识别+“请回话”；Initial call : Address + “this is”+ identify+ “over”
12、;工作频道/频率转换：请转“*”频道/“*”频率；Indicate working channel /frequency : change to VHF channel “*” /frequency “*” ;信息交换；Message exchanging;终止：完毕通信。End procedure: out.2.1.2 播送程序 Broadcast procedure 播送程序适用于一个台站放射时不期盼其他台站的答复或不知道其他台站是否会收到的状况。播送程序包括以下内容：Broadcast procedure applies when a station transmits without
13、expecting a response from any other station or a station transmits without knowing if a response from another station will be received or not. It consists of the following;初始呼叫：称呼+“我是”+识别； Initial call : address +“this is ”+identify;播送主题；Indicate content of the broadcast;频道转换：请转“*”频道/“*”频率；Indicate
14、working channel /frequency : change to VHF channel “*”/frequency”*”;重新呼叫：称呼+“我是”+识别；Calling on working channel /frequency : address +”this is ” +identify;播送主题；Indicate content of the broadcast ;播送信息；Broadcast message;终止：完毕通信。End procedure : out .2.1.3 遇险、紧急和平安通信程序Distress , urgency and safety commun
15、ication procedures (1)遇险通信程序distress communication procedure 遇险指船舶或飞机遇到严峻和迫切的危急，须要马上救济。遇险通信由Mayday标识，它包括以下内容。A ship or aircraft is threatened by grave and imminet danger ,and requests immediate assistance. A distress message is marked by Mayday. It consists of the following.Example:ExampleMayday! Ma
16、yday! Mayday!THIS IS BIRTE BIRTE BIRTE.MAYDAY - THIS IS TWO-ONE-ONE-TWO-THREE-NINE-SIX-EIGHT-ZERO. MOTOR VESSEL BIRTE CALL SIGN DELTA ALPHA MIKE KILO.POSITION SIX TWO DEGREES ONE ONE DECIMAL EIGHT MINUTES NORTH ZERO ZERO SEVEN DEGREES FOUR FOUR MINUTES EAST. I AM ON FIRE AFTER EXPLOSION. I REQUIRE F
17、IRE FIGHTING ASSISTANCE. SMOKE NOT TOXIC.OVER.收到遇险信息：Mayday received:Mayday!BIRTE BIRTE BIRTEThis is “*” “*” “*”Mayday received. Over.留意：遇险通信应在VHF16频道上优先进展，进展遇险通信时，不允许任何电台发送与遇险状况无关的报文。（2）紧急通信程序 Urgency communication procedure紧急指有关船舶、飞机、其他运载工具或者个人的平安方面须要发送得特别紧急的报文。紧急通信由Pan-Pan 标识，它包括以下内容。The station
18、sending it has a very urgent message to transmit concerning the safety of a ship, aircraft or other vehicle, or the safety of a person. An urgency message is marked by Pan-Pan .EX:PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PANTHIS IS BIRTEBIRTEBIRTEPAN PAN THIS IS TWO-ONE-ONE-TWO-THREE-NINE-SIX-EIGHT-ZEROMOTORVESSEL BIRTE
19、 CALL SIGN DELTA ALPHA MIKE KILO POSITION SIX TWO DEGREES ONE ONE DECIMAL EIGHT MINUTES NORTH ZERO ZERO SEVEN DEGREES FOUR FOUR MINUTES EAST.- I HAVE PROBLEMS WITH ENGINES I REQUIRE TUG ASSISTANCE.OUT(3)平安通信程序 Safety communication procedure 平安报文指需发送的内容重要的航行警告和气象警告。平安通信由Securite标识，通信程序与播送程序一样。The sta
20、tion sending it has a message to transmit containing an important navigational or meteorological warning . A safety message is marked by Securite. Its communication procedure is the same as a broadcast procedure.EX:SECURITE SECURITE SECURITE ALL SHIPS ALL SHIPS ALL SHIPS IN AREA PETER REEF- THIS IS
21、TWO-ONE-ONE-TWO-THREE-NINE-SIX-EIGHT-ZERO MOTOR VESSEL BIRTE CALL SIGN DELTA ALPHA MIKE KILO- DANGEROUS WRECK LOCATED IN POSITION TWO NAUTICAL MILES SOUTH OF PETER REEF. OUT.2.2 VTS 标准用语信文标题的应用是否运用其中某一个信文标题，由岸上人员或船舶驾驶人员确定，并依据运用者对情景的正确评估而确定选用哪一信文标题。It is at the discretion of the shore personnel or th
22、e ships officer whether to use one of the message markers and if so which of them to apply depending on the users qualified assessment of the situation.信文标题（MESSAGE MARKERS）2.2.1 指示（INSTRUCTION）这表示以下信文含有发话人企图通过规章制度影响他方的意图。说明：这意味着发话人诸如VTS台或军舰，必需拥有全权发布这样的信文。收话人必需遵循这一合法的约束性的信文，除非他具有悖于平安的理由，并必需报告给发话人。EX
23、:“INSTRUCTION. DO NOT ANCHOR IN THE FAIRWAY. ”2.2.2建议（ADVICE）这表示以下信文含有发话人企图通过建议影响他方的意图。说明：是否遵循这一建议由收话人确定。收话人不必非得执行这一建议，但应特别细致的加以考虑。EX:“ADVICE. ADVISE YOU PROCEED TO THE QILI/JINTANG ANCHORAGE.”2.2.3警告（WARNING）这表示以下信文含有发话人企图向其他船舶通报有关危急的状况。说明：这意味着任何收到警告的收话人应对所提及的危急马上引起警觉。对警告的重要程度将由收话人确定。 EX:“WARNING。O
24、BSTRUCTION IN THE FAIRWAY/POSITION：LAT：*， LONG：*.”2.2.4信息（INFORMATION）这表示以下信文局限于所理解到的事实、情境等。说明：这一标题合适用于航行和交通信息等。信息的重要程度由收话人确定。EX：“INFORMATION. MV NB STAR WILL OVERTAKE YOU FROM YOUR STARBOARD SIDE. ”2.2.5询问（QUESTION）这表示以下信文是疑问性质的。说明：这一标题用以消退是询问问题还是进展陈述的疑虑。特殊当疑问词诸如“什么”、“哪里”、“为什么”、“谁”、“如何”等用在问题之首时。期望收
25、话人赐予答复。EX：“QUESTION. WHAT IS YOUR PRESENT MAXIMUM DRAFT？”2.2.6答复（ANSWER）（技巧有：YES，NO/STANDBY/NO INFORMATION/I WILL /CAN OR I WILL /CAN NOT）这表示以下信文是对前面询问的答复。说明：留意一个答复中不应包含另一问题。EX：“ANSWER. MY PRESENT MAXIMUM DRAFT IS 8 METRES.”2.2.7恳求（REQUEST）这表示以下信文是恳求他方实行与船舶有关的行动。说明：这一标题用于示意：我盼望有关事项得到支配或供应，如拖轮、引航员、医疗
26、队等。留意：恳求不准用于涉及航行规则或不准用于更改避碰规则（COLREGS）。EX：”REQUEST. I REQUIRE ONE PILOT AND TWO TUGS.”2.2.8意图（INTENTION）这表示以下信文是通知他方关于即将要实行的航行活动。说明：这一信文标题原则上仅限用于发信船发布航行活动的信文。EX：“INTENTION. I WILL REDUCE MY SPEED. ”第三章 VTS标准通信誉语 VTS standard communication phrases见大连海事高校VTS水域通信誉语第四章 常见用语4.1信号强度 Signal strengthHow do
27、you read meI read you bad/poor/fair/good/excellent.极弱/很弱/还好/较好/很好。4.2 选择工作频道 selecting working channel保持守听 Stand by on VHF channel转到另外一个频道：Change to VHF Channel 4.3 改正 corrections 当信息出现错误时，说：“。错误”，随后说：“改正。”加上正确信息。例如：“我如今的速度是14节，错误。改正，我如今的速度是12kn,12kn。”When a mistake is made in a message, say: “Mista
28、ke”- followed by the word: “correction” plus the corrected part of the message. Example: “My present speed is 14 knots , mistake. Correction, my present speed is 12, one-two knots .”4.4 重复repetition(1)假如你认为某些信息特别重要，为确保无误，可说：“重复。”，随后是信文的相应局部。例如：“我的吃水为12.6，重复，12.6米。”“不得追越-重复-不得追越。”If some messages are
29、 considered sufficiently important to need safeguarding, say: “Repeat”-followed by the corresponding messages. Example: “My draft is 12.6, repeat, one-two decimal 6 meters.” “Do not overtake repeat-do not overtake.” （2）假如信息没有准确听到，说：“请再说一遍。”If a message is not properly heard, say: “Say again (please)
30、”.4.5数字Numbers数字逐位读出：150应读作“一五零”，2.5应读作“二点五”。Numbers are to be spoken in separate digits: “one-five-zero” for 150, “two decimal five” or “two point five” for 2.5.注：留意！当读舵角及舵令时，应按以下示例：15读作“十五”，20读作“二十”。Note：Attention! When rudder angles e.g. in wheel orders are given ,say: “fifteen” for 15 or “twenty
31、” for 20.4.6位置 Positions(1)当运用纬度、经度时，应以度、分（假如须要，可以用分的小数）来表示，并应标出北纬或南纬；东经或西经。例如，“警告：在北纬1534西经6129处有危急沉船。”When latitude and longitude are used , these shall be expressed in degrees and minutes (and decimals of a minute if necessary),North or south of the Equator and East or West of Greenwich.Example,
32、“WARNING: dangerous wreck in position 15 degrees 34 minutes North 061 degrees 29 minutes West.”(2)当位置相对于某一标记时， 该标记必需是海图上明确标出的物标。方位应从物标位置的真北起算，以360表示。例如：“你的位置在Big Head灯塔137，间隔 2.4海里。”When the position is related to a mark , the mark shall be a well-defined charted object. The bearing shall be in the
33、360 degrees notation from true north and shall be that of the position from the mark.EX: “Your position bearing 137 degrees from Big Head lighthouse distance 2.4 nautical miles.”注：船舶报告船位时, 总采纳从物标到船的方位。Note : Vessels reporting their position should always quote the bearing from the mark.4.7方位Bearings
34、除相对方位的状况外，物标或船舶的方位是从真北（除非另有说明）起算以360表示。方位可以从物标起算，也可以从船舶起算。例如：“引航船在你船215方位上。”The bearing of the mark or vessel concerned is the bearing in the 360 degrees notation from true north (unless otherwise stated), except in the case of relative bearings. Bearings may be either from the mark or from the vess
35、el.EX: “Pilot boat is bearing 215 degrees from you .”相对方位 Relative Bearings相对方位可以用相对于船首的度数表示。比拟常用的是从船首方向起算向左舷或右舷的度数。例如：“浮筒在你船左舷前方30度.”Relative bearings can be expressed in degrees relative to the vessels head. More frequently this is in relation to the port or starboard bow.EX: “Buoy 030 degrees on
36、your port bow.”4.8 航向 courses航向总是采纳由真北起算，以360度表示。可说明是驶往物标的航向，还是驶离物标的航向。Always to be expressed in 360 degrees notation from true north .Whether this is TO or FROM a mark can be stated.4.9间隔 distances间隔 通常用海里或链（1/10n mile）、公里或米表示。Preferably to be expressed in nautical miles or cables otherwise in kilo
37、metres or meters.4.10 速度Speed速度用节（kn）表示。To be expressed in knots.若无其他说明，则表示是相对于水的速度；Without further notation meaning speed through the water;“对地速度”表示相对于地（海底）的速度。“ground speed ” meaning speed over the ground.4.11时间Times时间应以当地时间24小时来表示。Times to be expressed in the 24 hours local time.4.12 地理名称geograph
38、ical names运用的地名必需是海图或航路指南所运用的名称。否则，应给出经纬度。Place names used should be those on the chart or in Sailing Directions in use . If not be understood, latitude and longitude should be given.第五章 通信范例5.1动态报告 Movement ReportV：Dalian VTS Y：M/V YU LONGY：Dalian VTS, This is M/V YU LONG calling. OVER.V: M/V YU LO
39、NG, this is Dalian VTS. Change to CH.12. Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is M/V YU LONG. Change to CH.12. Over.V: M/V YU LONG, This is Dalian VTS. What is your position Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this M/V YU LONG. My position is bearing 194 degrees distance 15n miles from Da Sang Shan Dao LT. Over.V: M/V YU LONG,
40、 This is Dalian VTS. What is your ETA quarantine anchorage Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is M/V YU LONG .My ETA quarantine anchorage is 1415LT. Over.V:M/V YU LONG, This is Dalian VTS. What is your call sign Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is M/V YU LONG .My call sign is B*. Over.V: M/V YULONG, this is Dalian VT
41、S. What is your last port of call Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is M/V YULONG. My last port of call is Tianjin. Over.V: M/V YULONG, this is Dalian VTS. What is your GRT (总吨) Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is M/V YULONG. My GRT is *. Over.V: M/V YULONG, this is Dalian VTS. What is your NRT(净吨)？ Over.Y: Dalian V
42、TS, this is Yulong. My NRT is *. Over.V: M/V YULONG, this is Dalian VTS What is your LOA(总长) Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is Yulong. My LOA is *. Over.V: M/V YULONG, this is Dalian VTS . What is your Max Breadth Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is Yulong. My Max Breadth is *. Over.V: M/V YULONG, this is Dalian
43、VTS . What is your draft fore and aft Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is Yulong. My draft forward is 7.2m, and my draft aft is 7.8 m. Over.V: M/V YULONG, this is Dalian VTS . Do you have any IMO dangerous cargo on board Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is Yulong. NO, I dont have any IMO dangerous cargo on board. O
44、ver.V: M/V YULONG, this is Dalian VTS. After dropping anchor at quarantine anchorage, report your anchor position and anchor time to VTS. Standing-by Ch.16 and 6. Out.Y: Dalian VTS, this is Yulong. I will report anchor time and position after dropping anchor .Out.5.2 作业报告 Operation ReportV: QIN HUAN
45、G DAO VTS S: M/V SEA STARS: QIN HUANG DAO VTS, this is M/V SEA STAR calling. Over.V: SEA STAR, this is QIN HUANG DAO VTS. Please change to CH.8. Over.S: QIN HUANG DAO VTS, this is M/V SEA STAR. Changing to CH.8. Over.V: SEA STAR, this is QIN HUANG DAO VTS. Your message, please. Over.S: QIN HUANG DAO
46、 VTS, this is M/V SEA STAR . I am the discharging vessel , the receiving ship Blue Sky has finished mooring. Ship to Ship transfer operation will start in 1hour. Over.我是母船，接驳船“蓝天”号已靠妥我船。船对船过驳作业将在1小时后开场。V: SEA STAR, this is QIN HUANG DAO VTS. Information received . Please report the weather and sea condition of your area. Over.S: QIN HUANG DAO VTS, this is M/V SEA STAR .SW wind force 3 and smooth sea(小浪)，it is suitable for transfer operation. Over.V: SEA STAR, this is QIN HUANG DAO VTS. Is the receiving ship