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1、2022年-2023年建筑工程管理行业文档 齐鲁斌创作船舶交通管理中心VTS标准用语培训（中英文）课程框架一、课程概述：本课程主要简要介绍有关VTS专业用语。二、课程适用对象：1、值班员2、其他与VTS相关的海事工作人员三、教学目标：通过本课程的教学、学习，使学员能够熟练应用标准海事通信英语，为提供卓越海事服务，提高海事执法水平打下较好基础。四、教学方法（自学/集中授课/实际操作/其他）：自学为主、集中授课五、引用的公约、规范、规则等1、国际海事组织第22届大会于2001年11月29日以A.918（22）号决议2、IMO-SMCP六、教科书/参考资料国际海事组织标准航海通信用语VTS操作人员标
2、准用语（中英文）VTS标准用语（中英文）具体教学大纲课程要点引用国际公约、规则教科书/参考资料学时教学/评估方式（笔试/实操/其他）1 导论2 总则3 词汇4 IMO海事标准用语PART A4.1 对外通信用语4.1.1 遇险通信4.1.2 紧急通信4.1.3 安全通信4.1.4 引航4.1.5 专门用语4.1.6 船舶交管服务标准用语 -1 要求船舶和为船舶提供信息用语 -2 VTS服务用语 -3 转交给其他VTS -4 紧急救助与支持联合行动通信用语4.2 船上通信用语4.3 标准舵令4.4 标准车钟令4.5 引航员在驾驶台5 IMO海事标准用语PART B5.1 船上通信用语5.2 船舶
3、操纵5.3 船上安全5.4 货物与货物装卸5.5 旅客照管1、国际海事组织第22届大会于2001年11月29日以A.918（22）号决议2、IMO-SMCP国际海事组织标准航海通信用语264笔试/实操目 录第一章 VTS 通信协议 VTS communication protocols1第二章 总则 GENERAL12.1 程序 procedure12.1.1 交换程序 exchange procedure12.1.2 广播程序 Broadcast procedure22.1.3 遇险、紧急和安全通信程序Distress , urgency and safety communication p
4、rocedures22.2 VTS 标准用语信文标题的应用42.2.1 指示（INSTRUCTION）42.2.2建议（ADVICE）42.2.3警告（WARNING）42.2.4信息（INFORMATION）42.2.5询问（QUESTION）52.2.6回答（ANSWER）52.2.7请求（REQUEST）52.2.8意图（INTENTION）5第三章 VTS标准通信用语 VTS standard communication phrases5第四章 常见用语64.1信号强度 Signal strength64.2 选择工作频道 selecting working channel64.3 改
5、正 corrections64.4 重复repetition64.5数字Numbers64.6位置 Positions64.7方位Bearings74.8 航向 courses74.9距离distances74.10 速度Speed74.11时间Times84.12 地理名称geographical names8第五章 通信范例85.1动态报告 Movement Report85.2 作业报告 Operation Report95.3分道通航制 TSS95.4碰撞 COLLISION115.5搁浅 Grounding125.6失火 FIRE135.7油污染 OIL POLLUTION145.8
6、遇险通信 DISTRESS COMMUNICATION155.9搜寻救助 SEARCH AND RESCUE155.10医疗援助 MEDICAL ASSISTANCE17第六章 词汇 VOCABULARY186.1船舶规范186.2 船舶结构 SHIPS STRUCTURE186.3 操纵设备 MANOEUVERING FACILITIES196.4 安全设备SAFETY EQUIPMENT196.5 船舶定线制和报告制 SHIPS ROUTING AND REPORTING SYSTEM206.6 航行和操纵NAVIGATING AND MANOEUVERING216.7航标 AIDS TO
7、 NAVIGATION216.8 气象和水文状况 METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS226.9 港口设施和海岸特征 PORT FACILITIES ANDE COAST FEATURES226.10 搜寻救助 SEARCH AND RESCUE226.11医疗MEDICAL SECTION23第七章 字母和数字的拼读24第一章 VTS 通信协议 VTS communication protocols作为一个通信系统，必须制定协议，以保证VTS的信息是：As a communication system, protocols need to be
8、 developed to ensure that VTS messages are:清晰的；Clear;简明的；Simple, and 仅包含必要的信息。Only contain essential information.应注意报文的结构和特征，如：Due attention should be given to the composition and character of the messages, such as :目的；Objectives;紧迫性；Urgency;权限级别；Level of authority;传播范围；Distribution;传输模式，如：介质选择；频道选择
9、；通信程序；所用语言。Mode of transmission, such as : medium selection; channel selection; communication procedures; language used.第二章 总则 GENERAL2.1 程序 procedure一次完整的通信包括以下内容：称呼和识别；指定工作频道/频率；在工作频道/频率上通信；结束通信。A complete communication normally consists of the following: Address and identify; indicate working cha
10、nnel/frequency; message transmission on working channel/frequency ; end procedure.上述过程如果有海岸电台（例如VTS台站）介入，则由海岸台站控制，否则可由发出初始呼叫的台站控制。This procedure should be controlled by a coast of shore radio station (such as a VTS station) as soon as it becomes involved in the communication, or controlled by the st
11、ation that makes the initial call.2.1.1 交换程序 exchange procedure 两个或更多台站间相互完成了通信即为进行了一次交换。交换程序包括以下内容：This applies when two or more stations achieve communication with each other. An exchange is then said to be taking place. It consists of the following:初始呼叫：称呼+“我是”+识别+“请回话”；Initial call : Address + “
12、this is”+ identify+ “over”;工作频道/频率转换：请转“*”频道/“*”频率；Indicate working channel /frequency : change to VHF channel “*” /frequency “*” ;信息交换；Message exchanging;终止：结束通信。End procedure: out.2.1.2 广播程序 Broadcast procedure 广播程序适用于一个台站发射时不期待其他台站的回答或不知道其他台站是否会收到的情况。广播程序包括以下内容：Broadcast procedure applies when a
13、station transmits without expecting a response from any other station or a station transmits without knowing if a response from another station will be received or not. It consists of the following;初始呼叫：称呼+“我是”+识别； Initial call : address +“this is ”+identify;广播主题；Indicate content of the broadcast;频道
14、转换：请转“*”频道/“*”频率；Indicate working channel /frequency : change to VHF channel “*”/frequency”*”;重新呼叫：称呼+“我是”+识别；Calling on working channel /frequency : address +”this is ” +identify;广播主题；Indicate content of the broadcast ;广播信息；Broadcast message;终止：结束通信。End procedure : out .2.1.3 遇险、紧急和安全通信程序Distress ,
15、 urgency and safety communication procedures (1)遇险通信程序distress communication procedure 遇险指船舶或飞机遇到严重和迫切的危险，需要立即援助。遇险通信由Mayday标识，它包括以下内容。A ship or aircraft is threatened by grave and imminet danger ,and requests immediate assistance. A distress message is marked by Mayday. It consists of the following
16、.Example:ExampleMayday! Mayday! Mayday!THIS IS BIRTE BIRTE BIRTE.MAYDAY - THIS IS TWO-ONE-ONE-TWO-THREE-NINE-SIX-EIGHT-ZERO. MOTOR VESSEL BIRTE CALL SIGN DELTA ALPHA MIKE KILO.POSITION SIX TWO DEGREES ONE ONE DECIMAL EIGHT MINUTES NORTH ZERO ZERO SEVEN DEGREES FOUR FOUR MINUTES EAST. I AM ON FIRE AF
17、TER EXPLOSION. I REQUIRE FIRE FIGHTING ASSISTANCE. SMOKE NOT TOXIC.OVER.收到遇险信息：Mayday received:Mayday!BIRTE BIRTE BIRTEThis is “*” “*” “*”Mayday received. Over.注意：遇险通信应在VHF16频道上优先进行，进行遇险通信时，不允许任何电台发送与遇险情况无关的报文。（2）紧急通信程序 Urgency communication procedure紧急指有关船舶、飞机、其他运载工具或者个人的安全方面需要发送得十分紧急的报文。紧急通信由Pan-P
18、an 标识，它包括以下内容。The station sending it has a very urgent message to transmit concerning the safety of a ship, aircraft or other vehicle, or the safety of a person. An urgency message is marked by Pan-Pan .EX:PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PANTHIS IS BIRTEBIRTEBIRTEPAN PAN THIS IS TWO-ONE-ONE-TWO-THREE-NINE-SIX-E
19、IGHT-ZEROMOTORVESSEL BIRTE CALL SIGN DELTA ALPHA MIKE KILO POSITION SIX TWO DEGREES ONE ONE DECIMAL EIGHT MINUTES NORTH ZERO ZERO SEVEN DEGREES FOUR FOUR MINUTES EAST.- I HAVE PROBLEMS WITH ENGINES I REQUIRE TUG ASSISTANCE.OUT(3)安全通信程序 Safety communication procedure 安全报文指需发送的内容重要的航行警告和气象警告。安全通信由Secu
20、rite标识，通信程序与广播程序相同。The station sending it has a message to transmit containing an important navigational or meteorological warning . A safety message is marked by Securite. Its communication procedure is the same as a broadcast procedure.EX:SECURITE SECURITE SECURITE ALL SHIPS ALL SHIPS ALL SHIPS IN
21、 AREA PETER REEF- THIS IS TWO-ONE-ONE-TWO-THREE-NINE-SIX-EIGHT-ZERO MOTOR VESSEL BIRTE CALL SIGN DELTA ALPHA MIKE KILO- DANGEROUS WRECK LOCATED IN POSITION TWO NAUTICAL MILES SOUTH OF PETER REEF. OUT.2.2 VTS 标准用语信文标题的应用是否使用其中某一个信文标题，由岸上人员或船舶驾驶人员决定，并根据使用者对情景的正确评估而决定选用哪一信文标题。It is at the discretion of
22、 the shore personnel or the ships officer whether to use one of the message markers and if so which of them to apply depending on the users qualified assessment of the situation.信文标题（MESSAGE MARKERS）2.2.1 指示（INSTRUCTION）这表示以下信文含有发话人企图通过规章制度影响他方的意图。说明：这意味着发话人诸如VTS台或军舰，必须拥有全权发布这样的信文。收话人必须遵循这一合法的约束性的信文
23、，除非他具有悖于安全的理由，并必须报告给发话人。EX:“INSTRUCTION. DO NOT ANCHOR IN THE FAIRWAY. ”2.2.2建议（ADVICE）这表示以下信文含有发话人企图通过建议影响他方的意图。说明：是否遵循这一建议由收话人决定。收话人不必非得执行这一建议，但应非常仔细的加以考虑。EX:“ADVICE. ADVISE YOU PROCEED TO THE QILI/JINTANG ANCHORAGE.”2.2.3警告（WARNING）这表示以下信文含有发话人企图向其他船舶通报有关危险的情况。说明：这意味着任何收到警告的收话人应对所提及的危险立即引起警觉。对警告的
24、重要程度将由收话人决定。 EX:“WARNING。OBSTRUCTION IN THE FAIRWAY/POSITION：LAT：*， LONG：*.”2.2.4信息（INFORMATION）这表示以下信文局限于所了解到的事实、情境等。说明：这一标题适合用于航行和交通信息等。信息的重要程度由收话人决定。EX：“INFORMATION. MV NB STAR WILL OVERTAKE YOU FROM YOUR STARBOARD SIDE. ”2.2.5询问（QUESTION）这表示以下信文是疑问性质的。说明：这一标题用以消除是询问问题还是进行陈述的疑虑。特别当疑问词诸如“什么”、“哪里”、
25、“为什么”、“谁”、“如何”等用在问题之首时。期望收话人给予回答。EX：“QUESTION. WHAT IS YOUR PRESENT MAXIMUM DRAFT？”2.2.6回答（ANSWER）（技巧有：YES，NO/STANDBY/NO INFORMATION/I WILL /CAN OR I WILL /CAN NOT）这表示以下信文是对前面咨询的答复。说明：注意一个回答中不应包含另一问题。EX：“ANSWER. MY PRESENT MAXIMUM DRAFT IS 8 METRES.”2.2.7请求（REQUEST）这表示以下信文是请求他方采取与船舶有关的行动。说明：这一标题用于示意
26、：我希望有关事项得到安排或提供，如拖轮、引航员、医疗队等。注意：请求不准用于涉及航行规则或不准用于更改避碰规则（COLREGS）。EX：”REQUEST. I REQUIRE ONE PILOT AND TWO TUGS.”2.2.8意图（INTENTION）这表示以下信文是通知他方关于即将要采取的航行活动。说明：这一信文标题原则上仅限用于发信船发布航行活动的信文。EX：“INTENTION. I WILL REDUCE MY SPEED. ”第三章 VTS标准通信用语 VTS standard communication phrases见大连海事大学VTS水域通信用语第四章 常见用语4.1信
27、号强度 Signal strengthHow do you read me?I read you bad/poor/fair/good/excellent.极弱/很弱/还好/较好/很好。4.2 选择工作频道 selecting working channel保持守听 Stand by on VHF channel转到另外一个频道：Change to VHF Channel 4.3 改正 corrections 当信息出现错误时，说：“。错误”，随后说：“改正。”加上正确信息。例如：“我现在的速度是14节，错误。改正，我现在的速度是12kn,12kn。”When a mistake is mad
28、e in a message, say: “Mistake”- followed by the word: “correction” plus the corrected part of the message. Example: “My present speed is 14 knots , mistake. Correction, my present speed is 12, one-two knots .”4.4 重复repetition(1)如果你认为某些信息非常重要，为确保无误，可说：“重复。”，随后是信文的相应部分。例如：“我的吃水为12.6，重复，12.6米。”“不得追越-重复
29、-不得追越。”If some messages are considered sufficiently important to need safeguarding, say: “Repeat”-followed by the corresponding messages. Example: “My draft is 12.6, repeat, one-two decimal 6 meters.” “Do not overtake repeat-do not overtake.” （2）如果信息没有确切听到，说：“请再说一遍。”If a message is not properly hear
30、d, say: “Say again (please)”.4.5数字Numbers数字逐位读出：150应读作“一五零”，2.5应读作“二点五”。Numbers are to be spoken in separate digits: “one-five-zero” for 150, “two decimal five” or “two point five” for 2.5.注：注意！当读舵角及舵令时，应按以下示例：15读作“十五”，20读作“二十”。Note：Attention! When rudder angles e.g. in wheel orders are given ,say:
31、“fifteen” for 15 or “twenty” for 20.4.6位置 Positions(1)当使用纬度、经度时，应以度、分（如果需要，可以用分的小数）来表示，并应标出北纬或南纬；东经或西经。例如，“警告：在北纬1534西经6129处有危险沉船。”When latitude and longitude are used , these shall be expressed in degrees and minutes (and decimals of a minute if necessary),North or south of the Equator and East or
32、West of Greenwich.Example, “WARNING: dangerous wreck in position 15 degrees 34 minutes North 061 degrees 29 minutes West.”(2)当位置相对于某一标志时， 该标志必须是海图上明确标出的物标。方位应从物标位置的真北起算，以360表示。例如：“你的位置在Big Head灯塔137，距离2.4海里。”When the position is related to a mark , the mark shall be a well-defined charted object. Th
33、e bearing shall be in the 360 degrees notation from true north and shall be that of the position from the mark.EX: “Your position bearing 137 degrees from Big Head lighthouse distance 2.4 nautical miles.”注：船舶报告船位时, 总采用从物标到船的方位。Note : Vessels reporting their position should always quote the bearing f
34、rom the mark.4.7方位Bearings除相对方位的情况外，物标或船舶的方位是从真北（除非另有说明）起算以360表示。方位可以从物标起算，也可以从船舶起算。例如：“引航船在你船215方位上。”The bearing of the mark or vessel concerned is the bearing in the 360 degrees notation from true north (unless otherwise stated), except in the case of relative bearings. Bearings may be either from
35、 the mark or from the vessel.EX: “Pilot boat is bearing 215 degrees from you .”相对方位 Relative Bearings相对方位可以用相对于船首的度数表示。比较常用的是从船首方向起算向左舷或右舷的度数。例如：“浮筒在你船左舷前方30度.”Relative bearings can be expressed in degrees relative to the vessels head. More frequently this is in relation to the port or starboard bow
36、.EX: “Buoy 030 degrees on your port bow.”4.8 航向 courses航向总是采用由真北起算，以360度表示。可说明是驶往物标的航向，还是驶离物标的航向。Always to be expressed in 360 degrees notation from true north .Whether this is TO or FROM a mark can be stated.4.9距离distances距离通常用海里或链（1/10n mile）、公里或米表示。Preferably to be expressed in nautical miles or
37、cables otherwise in kilometres or meters.4.10 速度Speed速度用节（kn）表示。To be expressed in knots.若无其他说明，则表示是相对于水的速度；Without further notation meaning speed through the water;“对地速度”表示相对于地（海底）的速度。“ground speed ” meaning speed over the ground.4.11时间Times时间应以当地时间24小时来表示。Times to be expressed in the 24 hours loca
38、l time.4.12 地理名称geographical names使用的地名必须是海图或航路指南所使用的名称。否则，应给出经纬度。Place names used should be those on the chart or in Sailing Directions in use . If not be understood, latitude and longitude should be given.第五章 通信范例5.1动态报告 Movement ReportV：Dalian VTS Y：M/V YU LONGY：Dalian VTS, This is M/V YU LONG ca
39、lling. OVER.V: M/V YU LONG, this is Dalian VTS. Change to CH.12. Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is M/V YU LONG. Change to CH.12. Over.V: M/V YU LONG, This is Dalian VTS. What is your position? Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this M/V YU LONG. My position is bearing 194 degrees distance 15n miles from Da Sang Shan Dao
40、 LT. Over.V: M/V YU LONG, This is Dalian VTS. What is your ETA quarantine anchorage? Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is M/V YU LONG .My ETA quarantine anchorage is 1415LT. Over.V:M/V YU LONG, This is Dalian VTS. What is your call sign? Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is M/V YU LONG .My call sign is B*. Over.V: M/
41、V YULONG, this is Dalian VTS. What is your last port of call? Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is M/V YULONG. My last port of call is Tianjin. Over.V: M/V YULONG, this is Dalian VTS. What is your GRT? (总吨) Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is M/V YULONG. My GRT is *. Over.V: M/V YULONG, this is Dalian VTS. What is y
42、our NRT(净吨)？ Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is Yulong. My NRT is *. Over.V: M/V YULONG, this is Dalian VTS What is your LOA(总长)? Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is Yulong. My LOA is *. Over.V: M/V YULONG, this is Dalian VTS . What is your Max Breadth? Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is Yulong. My Max Breadth is *. Over
43、.V: M/V YULONG, this is Dalian VTS . What is your draft fore and aft? Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is Yulong. My draft forward is 7.2m, and my draft aft is 7.8 m. Over.V: M/V YULONG, this is Dalian VTS . Do you have any IMO dangerous cargo on board? Over.Y: Dalian VTS, this is Yulong. NO, I dont have an
44、y IMO dangerous cargo on board. Over.V: M/V YULONG, this is Dalian VTS. After dropping anchor at quarantine anchorage, report your anchor position and anchor time to VTS. Standing-by Ch.16 and 6. Out.Y: Dalian VTS, this is Yulong. I will report anchor time and position after dropping anchor .Out.5.2
45、 作业报告 Operation ReportV: QIN HUANG DAO VTS S: M/V SEA STARS: QIN HUANG DAO VTS, this is M/V SEA STAR calling. Over.V: SEA STAR, this is QIN HUANG DAO VTS. Please change to CH.8. Over.S: QIN HUANG DAO VTS, this is M/V SEA STAR. Changing to CH.8. Over.V: SEA STAR, this is QIN HUANG DAO VTS. Your messa
46、ge, please. Over.S: QIN HUANG DAO VTS, this is M/V SEA STAR . I am the discharging vessel , the receiving ship Blue Sky has finished mooring. Ship to Ship transfer operation will start in 1hour. Over.我是母船，接驳船“蓝天”号已靠妥我船。船对船过驳作业将在1小时后开始。V: SEA STAR, this is QIN HUANG DAO VTS. Information received . Please report the weather and sea condition of your area. Over.S: QIN HUANG DAO VTS, this is M/V SEA STAR .SW wind force 3 and smooth sea(小浪)，it is suitable for transfer operation. Over.V: SEA STAR, this is