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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。VTS操作人员英语培训教材中英文新-课程编号：0303006-1中国海事局VTS值班人员适任培训系列课程（试用）VTS标准用语（中英文）编写石世云张文丁审稿姜才兴中华人民共和国海事局目录VTS标准用语（中英文）1第一章VTS通信协议VTScommunicationprotocols1第二章总则GENERAL12.1程序procedure12.1.1交换程序exchangeprocedure22.1.2广播程序Broadcastprocedure22.1.3遇险、紧急和安全通信程序Distress,urg
2、encyandsafetycommunicationprocedures32.2VTS标准用语信文标题的应用42.2.1指示（INSTRUCTION）42.2.2建议（ADVICE）42.2.3警告（WARNING）52.2.4信息（INFORMATION）52.2.5询问（QUESTION）52.2.6回答（ANSWER）52.2.7请求（REQUEST）52.2.8意图（INTENTION）5第三章VTS标准通信用语VTSstandardcommunicationphrases6第四章常见用语64.1信号强度Signalstrength64.2选择工作频道selectingworkingc
3、hannel64.3改正corrections64.4重复repetition64.5数字Numbers74.6位置Positions74.7方位Bearings74.8航向courses84.9距离distances84.10速度Speed84.11时间Times84.12地理名称geographicalnames8第五章通信范例95.1动态报告MovementReport95.2作业报告OperationReport95.3分道通航制TSS105.4碰撞COLLISION125.5搁浅Grounding135.6失火FIRE145.7油污染OILPOLLUTION155.8遇险通信DIST
4、RESSCOMMUNICATION165.9搜寻救助SEARCHANDRESCUE165.10医疗援助MEDICALASSISTANCE18第六章词汇VOCABULARY196.1船舶规范196.2船舶结构SHIPSSTRUCTURE196.3操纵设备MANOEUVERINGFACILITIES206.4安全设备SAFETYEQUIPMENT216.5船舶定线制和报告制SHIPSROUTINGANDREPORTINGSYSTEM226.6航行和操纵NAVIGATINGANDMANOEUVERING226.7航标AIDSTONAVIGATION236.8气象和水文状况METEOROLOGICAL
5、ANDHYDROLOGICALCONDITIONS236.9港口设施和海岸特征PORTFACILITIESANDECOASTFEATURES246.10搜寻救助SEARCHANDRESCUE246.11医疗MEDICALSECTION25第七章常用词句25-第一章VTS通信协议VTScommunicationprotocols作为一个通信系统，必须制定协议，以保证VTS的信息是：Asacommunicationsystem,protocolsneedtobedevelopedtoensurethatVTSmessagesare:清晰的；Clear;简明的；Simple,and仅包含必要的信息。
6、Onlycontainessentialinformation.应注意报文的结构和特征，如：Dueattentionshouldbegiventothecompositionandcharacterofthemessages,suchas:目的；Objectives;紧迫性；Urgency;权限级别；Levelofauthority;传播范围；Distribution;传输模式，如：介质选择；频道选择；通信程序；所用语言。Modeoftransmission,suchas:mediumselection;channelselection;communicationprocedures;lang
7、uageused.第二章总则GENERAL2.1程序procedure一次完整的通信包括以下内容：称呼和识别；指定工作频道/频率；在工作频道/频率上通信；结束通信。Acompletecommunicationnormallyconsistsofthefollowing:Addressandidentify;indicateworkingchannel/frequency;messagetransmissiononworkingchannel/frequency;endprocedure.上述过程如果有海岸电台（例如VTS台站）介入，则由海岸台站控制，否则可由发出初始呼叫的台站控制。Thispr
8、ocedureshouldbecontrolledbyacoastofshoreradiostation(suchasaVTSstation)assoonasitbecomesinvolvedinthecommunication,orcontrolledbythestationthatmakestheinitialcall.2.1.1交换程序exchangeprocedure两个或更多台站间相互完成了通信即为进行了一次交换。交换程序包括以下内容：Thisapplieswhentwoormorestationsachievecommunicationwitheachother.Anexchang
9、eisthensaidtobetakingplace.Itconsistsofthefollowing:初始呼叫：称呼+“我是”+识别+“请回话”；Initialcall:Address+“thisis”+identify+“over”;工作频道/频率转换：请转“*”频道/“*”频率；Indicateworkingchannel/frequency:changetoVHFchannel“*”/frequency“*”;信息交换；Messageexchanging;终止：结束通信。Endprocedure:out.2.1.2广播程序Broadcastprocedure广播程序适用于一个台站发射时
10、不期待其他台站的回答或不知道其他台站是否会收到的情况。广播程序包括以下内容：Broadcastprocedureapplieswhenastationtransmitswithoutexpectingaresponsefromanyotherstationorastationtransmitswithoutknowingifaresponsefromanotherstationwillbereceivedornot.Itconsistsofthefollowing;初始呼叫：称呼+“我是”+识别；Initialcall:address+“thisis”+identify;广播主题；Indica
11、tecontentofthebroadcast;频道转换：请转“*”频道/“*”频率；Indicateworkingchannel/frequency:changetoVHFchannel“*”/frequency”*”;重新呼叫：称呼+“我是”+识别；Callingonworkingchannel/frequency:address+”thisis”+identify;广播主题；Indicatecontentofthebroadcast;广播信息；Broadcastmessage;终止：结束通信。Endprocedure:out.2.1.3遇险、紧急和安全通信程序Distress,urgen
12、cyandsafetycommunicationprocedures(1)遇险通信程序distresscommunicationprocedure遇险指船舶或飞机遇到严重和迫切的危险，需要立即援助。遇险通信由Mayday标识，它包括以下内容。Ashiporaircraftisthreatenedbygraveandimminetdanger,andrequestsimmediateassistance.AdistressmessageismarkedbyMayday.Itconsistsofthefollowing.Example:ExampleMayday!Mayday!Mayday!THI
13、SISBIRTEBIRTEBIRTE.MAYDAY-THISISTWO-ONE-ONE-TWO-THREE-NINE-SIX-EIGHT-ZERO.MOTORVESSELBIRTECALLSIGNDELTAALPHAMIKEKILO.POSITIONSIXTWODEGREESONEONEDECIMALEIGHTMINUTESNORTHZEROZEROSEVENDEGREESFOURFOURMINUTESEAST.IAMONFIREAFTEREXPLOSION.IREQUIREFIREFIGHTINGASSISTANCE.SMOKENOTTOXIC.OVER.收到遇险信息：Maydayrecei
14、ved:Mayday!BIRTEBIRTEBIRTEThisis“*”“*”“*”Maydayreceived.Over.注意：遇险通信应在VHF16频道上优先进行，进行遇险通信时，不允许任何电台发送与遇险情况无关的报文。（2）紧急通信程序Urgencycommunicationprocedure紧急指有关船舶、飞机、其他运载工具或者个人的安全方面需要发送得十分紧急的报文。紧急通信由Pan-Pan标识，它包括以下内容。Thestationsendingithasaveryurgentmessagetotransmitconcerningthesafetyofaship,aircraftorot
15、hervehicle,orthesafetyofaperson.AnurgencymessageismarkedbyPan-Pan.EX:PANPANPANPANPANPANTHISISBIRTEBIRTEBIRTEPANPANTHISISTWO-ONE-ONE-TWO-THREE-NINE-SIX-EIGHT-ZEROMOTORVESSELBIRTECALLSIGNDELTAALPHAMIKEKILOPOSITIONSIXTWODEGREESONEONEDECIMALEIGHTMINUTESNORTHZEROZEROSEVENDEGREESFOURFOURMINUTESEAST.-IHAVE
16、PROBLEMSWITHENGINESIREQUIRETUGASSISTANCE.OUT(3)安全通信程序Safetycommunicationprocedure安全报文指需发送的内容重要的航行警告和气象警告。安全通信由Securite标识，通信程序与广播程序相同。Thestationsendingithasamessagetotransmitcontaininganimportantnavigationalormeteorologicalwarning.AsafetymessageismarkedbySecurite.Itscommunicationprocedureisthesameasa
17、broadcastprocedure.EX:SECURITESECURITESECURITEALLSHIPSALLSHIPSALLSHIPSINAREAPETERREEF-THISISTWO-ONE-ONE-TWO-THREE-NINE-SIX-EIGHT-ZEROMOTORVESSELBIRTECALLSIGNDELTAALPHAMIKEKILO-DANGEROUSWRECKLOCATEDINPOSITIONTWONAUTICALMILESSOUTHOFPETERREEF.OUT.2.2VTS标准用语信文标题的应用是否使用其中某一个信文标题，由岸上人员或船舶驾驶人员决定，并根据使用者对情景的
18、正确评估而决定选用哪一信文标题。Itisatthediscretionoftheshorepersonnelortheshipsofficerwhethertouseoneofthemessagemarkersandifsowhichofthemtoapplydependingontheusersqualifiedassessmentofthesituation.信文标题（MESSAGEMARKERS）2.2.1指示（INSTRUCTION）这表示以下信文含有发话人企图通过规章制度影响他方的意图。说明：这意味着发话人诸如VTS台或军舰，必须拥有全权发布这样的信文。收话人必须遵循这一合法的约束性
19、的信文，除非他具有悖于安全的理由，并必须报告给发话人。EX:“INSTRUCTION.DONOTANCHORINTHEFAIRWAY.”2.2.2建议（ADVICE）这表示以下信文含有发话人企图通过建议影响他方的意图。说明：是否遵循这一建议由收话人决定。收话人不必非得执行这一建议，但应非常仔细的加以考虑。EX:“ADVICE.ADVISEYOUPROCEEDTOTHEQILI/JINTANGANCHORAGE.”2.2.3警告（WARNING）这表示以下信文含有发话人企图向其他船舶通报有关危险的情况。说明：这意味着任何收到警告的收话人应对所提及的危险立即引起警觉。对警告的重要程度将由收话人决定
20、。EX:“WARNING。OBSTRUCTIONINTHEFAIRWAY/POSITION：LAT：*，LONG：*.”2.2.4信息（INFORMATION）这表示以下信文局限于所了解到的事实、情境等。说明：这一标题适合用于航行和交通信息等。信息的重要程度由收话人决定。EX：“INFORMATION.MVNBSTARWILLOVERTAKEYOUFROMYOURSTARBOARDSIDE.”2.2.5询问（QUESTION）这表示以下信文是疑问性质的。说明：这一标题用以消除是询问问题还是进行陈述的疑虑。特别当疑问词诸如“什么”、“哪里”、“为什么”、“谁”、“如何”等用在问题之首时。期望收话
21、人给予回答。EX：“QUESTION.WHATISYOURPRESENTMAXIMUMDRAFT？”2.2.6回答（ANSWER）（技巧有：YES，NO/STANDBY/NOINFORMATION/IWILL/CANORIWILL/CANNOT）这表示以下信文是对前面咨询的答复。说明：注意一个回答中不应包含另一问题。EX：“ANSWER.MYPRESENTMAXIMUMDRAFTIS8METRES.”2.2.7请求（REQUEST）这表示以下信文是请求他方采取与船舶有关的行动。说明：这一标题用于示意：我希望有关事项得到安排或提供，如拖轮、引航员、医疗队等。注意：请求不准用于涉及航行规则或不准用
22、于更改避碰规则（COLREGS）。EX：”REQUEST.IREQUIREONEPILOTANDTWOTUGS.”2.2.8意图（INTENTION）这表示以下信文是通知他方关于即将要采取的航行活动。说明：这一信文标题原则上仅限用于发信船发布航行活动的信文。EX：“INTENTION.IWILLREDUCEMYSPEED.”第三章VTS标准通信用语VTSstandardcommunicationphrases见大连海事大学VTS水域通信用语第四章常见用语4.1信号强度SignalstrengthHowdoyoureadme?Ireadyoubad/poor/fair/good/excellen
23、t.极弱/很弱/还好/较好/很好。4.2选择工作频道selectingworkingchannel保持守听StandbyonVHFchannel转到另外一个频道：ChangetoVHFChannel4.3改正corrections当信息出现错误时，说：“。错误”，随后说：“改正。”加上正确信息。例如：“我现在的速度是14节，错误。改正，我现在的速度是12kn,12kn。”Whenamistakeismadeinamessage,say:“Mistake”-followedbytheword:“correction”plusthecorrectedpartofthemessage.Example
24、:“Mypresentspeedis14knots,mistake.Correction,mypresentspeedis12,one-twoknots.”4.4重复repetition(1)如果你认为某些信息非常重要，为确保无误，可说：“重复。”，随后是信文的相应部分。例如：“我的吃水为12.6，重复，12.6米。”“不得追越-重复-不得追越。”Ifsomemessagesareconsideredsufficientlyimportanttoneedsafeguarding,say:“Repeat”-followedbythecorrespondingmessages.Example:“M
25、ydraftis12.6,repeat,one-twodecimal6meters.”“Donotovertakerepeat-donotovertake.”（2）如果信息没有确切听到，说：“请再说一遍。”Ifamessageisnotproperlyheard,say:“Sayagain(please)”.4.5数字Numbers数字逐位读出：150应读作“一五零”，2.5应读作“二点五”。Numbersaretobespokeninseparatedigits:“one-five-zero”for150,“twodecimalfive”or“twopointfive”for2.5.注：注意
26、！当读舵角及舵令时，应按以下示例：15读作“十五”，20读作“二十”。Note：Attention!Whenrudderanglese.g.inwheelordersaregiven,say:“fifteen”for15or“twenty”for20.4.6位置Positions(1)当使用纬度、经度时，应以度、分（如果需要，可以用分的小数）来表示，并应标出北纬或南纬；东经或西经。例如，“警告：在北纬1534西经6129处有危险沉船。”Whenlatitudeandlongitudeareused,theseshallbeexpressedindegreesandminutes(anddeci
27、malsofaminuteifnecessary),NorthorsouthoftheEquatorandEastorWestofGreenwich.Example,“WARNING:dangerouswreckinposition15degrees34minutesNorth061degrees29minutesWest.”(2)当位置相对于某一标志时，该标志必须是海图上明确标出的物标。方位应从物标位置的真北起算，以360表示。例如：“你的位置在BigHead灯塔137，距离2.4海里。”Whenthepositionisrelatedtoamark,themarkshallbeawell-
28、definedchartedobject.Thebearingshallbeinthe360degreesnotationfromtruenorthandshallbethatofthepositionfromthemark.EX:“Yourpositionbearing137degreesfromBigHeadlighthousedistance2.4nauticalmiles.”注：船舶报告船位时,总采用从物标到船的方位。Note:Vesselsreportingtheirpositionshouldalwaysquotethebearingfromthemark.4.7方位Bearing
29、s除相对方位的情况外，物标或船舶的方位是从真北（除非另有说明）起算以360表示。方位可以从物标起算，也可以从船舶起算。例如：“引航船在你船215方位上。”Thebearingofthemarkorvesselconcernedisthebearinginthe360degreesnotationfromtruenorth(unlessotherwisestated),exceptinthecaseofrelativebearings.Bearingsmaybeeitherfromthemarkorfromthevessel.EX:“Pilotboatisbearing215degreesfro
30、myou.”相对方位RelativeBearings相对方位可以用相对于船首的度数表示。比较常用的是从船首方向起算向左舷或右舷的度数。例如：“浮筒在你船左舷前方30度.”Relativebearingscanbeexpressedindegreesrelativetothevesselshead.Morefrequentlythisisinrelationtotheportorstarboardbow.EX:“Buoy030degreesonyourportbow.”4.8航向courses航向总是采用由真北起算，以360度表示。可说明是驶往物标的航向，还是驶离物标的航向。Alwaystobe
31、expressedin360degreesnotationfromtruenorth.WhetherthisisTOorFROMamarkcanbestated.4.9距离distances距离通常用海里或链（1/10nmile）、公里或米表示。Preferablytobeexpressedinnauticalmilesorcablesotherwiseinkilometresormeters.4.10速度Speed速度用节（kn）表示。Tobeexpressedinknots.若无其他说明，则表示是相对于水的速度；Withoutfurthernotationmeaningspeedthrou
32、ghthewater;“对地速度”表示相对于地（海底）的速度。“groundspeed”meaningspeedovertheground.4.11时间Times时间应以当地时间24小时来表示。Timestobeexpressedinthe24hourslocaltime.4.12地理名称geographicalnames使用的地名必须是海图或航路指南所使用的名称。否则，应给出经纬度。PlacenamesusedshouldbethoseonthechartorinSailingDirectionsinuse.Ifnotbeunderstood,latitudeandlongitudeshou
33、ldbegiven.第五章通信范例5.1动态报告MovementReportV：DalianVTSY：M/VYULONGY：DalianVTS,ThisisM/VYULONGcalling.OVER.V:M/VYULONG,thisisDalianVTS.ChangetoCH.12.Over.Y:DalianVTS,thisisM/VYULONG.ChangetoCH.12.Over.V:M/VYULONG,ThisisDalianVTS.Whatisyourposition?Over.Y:DalianVTS,thisM/VYULONG.Mypositionisbearing194degree
34、sdistance15nmilesfromDaSangShanDaoLT.Over.V:M/VYULONG,ThisisDalianVTS.WhatisyourETAquarantineanchorage?Over.Y:DalianVTS,thisisM/VYULONG.MyETAquarantineanchorageis1415LT.Over.V:M/VYULONG,ThisisDalianVTS.Whatisyourcallsign?Over.Y:DalianVTS,thisisM/VYULONG.MycallsignisBAAA.Over.V:M/VYULONG,thisisDalian
35、VTS.Whatisyourlastportofcall?Over.Y:DalianVTS,thisisM/VYULONG.MylastportofcallisTianjin.Over.V:M/VYULONG,thisisDalianVTS.WhatisyourGRT?(总吨)Over.Y:DalianVTS,thisisM/VYULONG.MyGRTis5678.Over.V:M/VYULONG,thisisDalianVTS.WhatisyourNRT(净吨)？Over.Y:DalianVTS,thisisYulong.MyNRTis3456.Over.V:M/VYULONG,thisis
36、DalianVTSWhatisyourLOA(总长)?Over.Y:DalianVTS,thisisYulong.MyLOAis123.4m.Over.V:M/VYULONG,thisisDalianVTS.WhatisyourMaxBreadth?Over.Y:DalianVTS,thisisYulong.MyMaxBreadthis22m.Over.V:M/VYULONG,thisisDalianVTS.Whatisyourdraftforeandaft?Over.Y:DalianVTS,thisisYulong.Mydraftforwardis7.2m,andmydraftaftis7.
37、8m.Over.V:M/VYULONG,thisisDalianVTS.DoyouhaveanyIMOdangerouscargoonboard?Over.Y:DalianVTS,thisisYulong.NO,IdonthaveanyIMOdangerouscargoonboard.Over.V:M/VYULONG,thisisDalianVTS.Afterdroppinganchoratquarantineanchorage,reportyouranchorpositionandanchortimetoVTS.Standing-byCh.16and6.Out.Y:DalianVTS,thi
38、sisYulong.Iwillreportanchortimeandpositionafterdroppinganchor.Out.5.2作业报告OperationReportV:QINHUANGDAOVTSS:M/VSEASTARS:QINHUANGDAOVTS,thisisM/VSEASTARcalling.Over.V:SEASTAR,thisisQINHUANGDAOVTS.PleasechangetoCH.8.Over.S:QINHUANGDAOVTS,thisisM/VSEASTAR.ChangingtoCH.8.Over.V:SEASTAR,thisisQINHUANGDAOVT
39、S.Yourmessage,please.Over.S:QINHUANGDAOVTS,thisisM/VSEASTAR.Iamthedischargingvessel,thereceivingshipBlueSkyhasfinishedmooring.ShiptoShiptransferoperationwillstartin1hour.Over.我是母船，接驳船“蓝天”号已靠妥我船。船对船过驳作业将在1小时后开始。V:SEASTAR,thisisQINHUANGDAOVTS.Informationreceived.Pleasereporttheweatherandseaconditionof
40、yourarea.Over.S:QINHUANGDAOVTS,thisisM/VSEASTAR.SWwindforce3andsmoothsea(小浪)，itissuitablefortransferoperation.Over.V:SEASTAR,thisisQINHUANGDAOVTS.IsthereceivingshipBLUESKYwellsecured(系固)toyourvessel?Over.S:QINHUANGDAOVTS,thisisM/VSEASTAR.Yes,sheiswellsecuredtomyvessel.Over.V:SEASTAR,thisisQINHUANGDA
41、OVTS.Isyourpollutioncontingencymusterlistandoiltransferchecklistavailableonboard?Over.S:QINHUANGDAOVTS,thisisM/VSEASTAR.Yes,theyareavailableonboard.Over.V:SEASTAR,thisisQINHUANGDAOVTS.Duringyourtransferoperation,youmustkeepagoodanchorwatchtomonitoryourpositionandinformpassingtraffic.Alsoyoumustbesur
42、ethatweatherforecastsarereceivedandfavourable.Standing-byCH.16and8.Out.在过驳作业过程中，你必须加强锚泊值班，监控本船锚位，监控往来船舶动态。你还必须确保天气预报的接收以使其适于作业。S:QINHUANGDAOVTS,thisisM/VSEASTAR.Informationreceived.Out.S:QINHUANGDAOVTS,thisisM/VSEASTAR.Pumpingstart,shiptoshiptransferoperationwillbefinishedin5hours.Over.V:SEASTAR,thi
43、sisQINHUANGDAOVTS.Informationreceived.Out.S:QINHUANGDAOVTS,thisisM/VSEASTAR.Shiptoshiptransferoperationfinished,Receivingshipunmooringcompletedat0100L.OVER.船对船过驳作业已结束，接驳船在当地时间0100时离开我船。V:SEASTAR,thisisQINHUANGDAOVTS.Informationreceived.Out.5.3分道通航制TSSV：CHENGSHANJIAOVTSF:M/VFlyingDragonN:M/VNAVISF:CH
44、ENGSHANJIAOVTS,thisisM/VFlyingDragoncalling.Over.V:M/VFlyingDragon,thisisCHENGSHANJIAOVTS.PleasechangetoCH.8.Over.F:CHENGSHANJIAOVTS,thisisM/VFlyingDragon.ChangingtoCH.8.Over.V:M/VFlyingDragon,thisisCHENGSHANJIAOVTS.Over.F:CHENGSHANJIAOVTS,thisisM/VFlyingDragon.IamenteringVTSarea.Over.V:M/VFlyingDra
45、gon,thisisCHENGSHANJIAOVTS.Spellyourshipsnameplease.Over.F:CHENGSHANJIAOVTS,thisisM/VFlyingDragon.MyshipsnameisFlyingDragon,F-L-Y-I-N-GD-R-A-G-O-N.Over.V:M/VFlyingDragon,thisisCHENGSHANJIAOVTS.Whatisyourcallsign?Over.F:CHENGSHANJIAOVTS,thisisM/VFlyingDragon.MycallsignisC-G-H-I.OverV:M/VFlyingDragon,
46、thisisCHENGSHANJIAOVTS.Whatisyourposition?Over.F:CHENGSHANJIAOVTS,thisisM/VFlyingDragon.Mypositionisbearing352degrees,distance19nmilesfromCHENGSHANJIAOLT.Over.V:M/VFlyingDragon,thisisCHENGSHANJIAOVTS.Whatisyourcourse?Over.F:CHENGSHANJIAOVTS,thisisM/VFlyingDragon.Mycourseis158degrees.Over.V:M/VFlying
47、Dragon,thisisCHENGSHANJIAOVTS.Whatisyourspeed?Over.F:CHENGSHANJIAOVTS,thisisM/VFlyingDragon.Myspeedis12knots.Over.V:M/VFlyingDragon,thisisCHENGSHANJIAOVTS.Whatisyourlastportofcall?Over.F:CHENGSHANJIAOVTS,thisisM/VFlyingDragon.MylastportofcallisDalian.Over.V:M/VFlyingDragon,thisisCHENGSHANJIAOVTS.Whatisyourportofdest