2022年高考英语一轮学案非谓语动词 .pdf

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1、学习好资料欢迎下载非谓语动词不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句,不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。1不定式用来作目的状语:作目的状语时,不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语,这里往往译作 “ 为了,想要 ” 。(2009 辽宁卷 )To be a winner,you need to give all you have and try your best. 要想成为赢家, 你要付出所有并竭尽全力。2不定式用于so.as to .,such.as to;enough to;too.to;only to 等结构中作结果状语。Would you be so kind as to le

2、nd me your bicycle? 你能不能行行好,借给我你的自行车?He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflect others.他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out. 他匆忙去了售票处,结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。专家提醒:“only to do” 表示出乎意料的结果,tell 和主语 He 之间存在动宾关系,因

3、而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。His parents died,leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了,使他成为孤儿。1.(2010江西卷 )There were many talented actors out there just waiting_. Ato discover Bto be discovered Cdiscovered Dbeing discovered 解析:句意为:很多有天赋的演员就在那里等待被发现。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。此题空格处用不定式来表示目的,而且actors 与 discover 之间为被动关系,所

4、以B 项为答案。答案:B 2(2010 合肥第二次教学检测)Why are the students working so hard these days. _ready for the coming entrance examination. ATo get BGet CGetting DGot 解析:考查非谓语动词。根据答语“ 为了即将来临的入学考试准备” 可知,此句是省略句,精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 15 页学习好资料欢迎下载不定式作状语,表示目的。答案:A 3(2010 新课标全国卷)With Father

5、 s Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank_presents for my dad. Abuy Bto buy Cbuying Dto have bought 解析:句意为:父亲节就要到了,我已经从银行取了些钱出来准备给爸爸买些礼物。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。从语境看,本空在句中作目的状语,用不定式,因此A 的动词原形、 C 的现在分词、 D 的不定式完成式都不符合题意。答案:B 1过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样,修饰主句的谓语动词,意义上相当于状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。(2009 江西

6、卷 )Given the right kind of training,these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars. 如果得到正确的训练,这些少年足球选手有朝一日可能成为国际明星。(2009 福建卷 )Reminded not to miss the flight at 15 20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. 提醒不要错过1520 的航班,他匆忙出发过了机场。2某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过

7、去分词既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,这样的词有:lost(迷路的 ), seated(坐),hidden(躲),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于 ),dressed in(穿着 ),tired of( 感到厌倦 )等,不管它们作什么成分都不用其-ing 形式。Lost in the mountains for a week ,we were finally saved by the local police. 在大山里迷失一个星期,我们最终被当地警察所救。Absorbed in his book ,he didn t notice me enter the room. 专

8、心读书,他没注意到我进入房间。1.(2010陕西卷 )_from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. ASeen BSeeing CHaving seen DTo see 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 15 页学习好资料欢迎下载解析:句意为:从塔顶往下看,南边的山脚下是一片树的海洋。本题考查分词作状语。分词作状语, 其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。主语 the south foot of the mountain 与 s

9、ee 在逻辑上为被动关系,四个选项中只有A 项表被动。答案:A 2(2010 杭州市第二次教学检测)_by a greater demand for green products,the food company has set higher standards to ensure the quality. ADriven BBeing driven CTo drive DHaving driven 解析:考查非谓语动词。绿色食品的巨大需求使食品公司制订了更高的标准以保证质量。动词 drive 与其逻辑主语the food company 存在动宾关系,因此应该使用过去分词。答案:A 3(20

10、09 重庆卷 )Michael s new house is like a huge palace,_with his old one. Acomparing Bcompares Cto compare Dcompared 解析:句意为:和旧房子相比,Michael 的新房子就像一座巨大的宫殿。compare 与逻辑主语 Mich ael s new house 之间构成被动关系。答案:D 1动词的 -ing 短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的-ing 形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。Being ill ,h

11、e couldn t go to school.因为生病,他不能去上学。(原因 ) My car was caught in a traffic jam ,thus causing the delay. 我的车被交通拥挤堵住,所以延误了。(结果 ) As the light turned green ,I stood for a moment ,not moving ,and asked myself what I was going to do.(伴随 ) 当交通路灯变绿灯时,我站了一会儿,一动不动,自问要做什么事。2现在分词有:一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式,每一种形式的否定式

12、都是直接在前面加not 构成。一般式 (doing) 表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作;被动式 (being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作;完成式 (having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 15 页学习好资料欢迎下载的主动的动作;完成被动式(having being done) 表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。Not having received a reply ,he decided to write again. 没有得到答复,他决定再写信去。The old

13、man,having worked abroad for twenty years , came back to his motherland.(work 与句子的主语 The old man 之间存在主谓关系,而且work 这一动作发生在谓语动作之前) 在国外工作了二十年,这位老人回到了祖国。Having been scolded many times ,he determined to study hard to catch up with others. 多次被批评之后,他决定努力学习赶上他人。3 有一些固定结构, 如: generally speaking, taking everyt

14、hing into consideration , judging from/by等,无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语。Taking everything into consideration ,the result is better than expected. 把一切因素考虑进去,结果比预料的要好。Judging from what he said ,he must be an honest man. 从他说的话来判断,他一定是一位诚实的人。4现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别:如果是意义上的主谓关系,一般用动词-ing 形式;如果是意义上的动宾关系,则一般用过去分词。Seen from t

15、he top of the hill ,the park looks even more beautiful. 从山顶上看,这个公园显得更加美丽。 (see 与主语 the park 之间存在动宾关系) Seeing from the top of the hill ,we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看,我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语 we 之间存在主谓关系) 1.(2010湖南卷 )Dina,_for months to find a job as a waitress ,finally took a position at

16、a local advertising agency. Astruggling Bstruggled Chaving struggled Dto struggle 解析:句意为:几个月以来,Dina 一直努力想找一份女服务员的工作,最终她在当地一家广告代理处谋到了一个职位。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。设空处与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系,故排除B 项;不定式作状语一般表示目的,故排除D 项; C 项相当于: Dina had_struggled_for_months to find a job as a waitress. 而A项 相 当 于 : Dina was_struggling_for_m

17、onths to find a job as a waitress. 根据句意可知,C 项更符合要求, 故为答案。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 15 页学习好资料欢迎下载答案:C 2(2010 北京卷 )_at my classmates faces,I read the same excitement in their eyes. ALooking BLook CTo look DLooked 解析:句意为:看着同学们的面孔,我从他们的眼中读出了同样的兴奋。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。 look 是谓语动词形式, 故排

18、除; to look 通常表目的, 在此不符合题意; look 与I 构成逻辑上的主动关系,D 项被排除。答案:A 3(2010 海淀第二学期期末)_a written permission ,he had to write another letter to the president of the university. ANot giving BNot having been given CHaving not given DHaving not been given 解析:考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语。逻辑主语是句子的主语,非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系,且其动作在谓语动词动

19、作之前已经发生,故用过去分词或现在分词的完成被动式,选B。答案:B 1现在分词 (短语 )作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。There are two roads before us,one leading to the beach,the other to the park. 在我们面前有两条路,一条通向沙滩,另一条通向公园。2过去分词 (短语 )作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系,表示该动作的被动或完成。(2009 北京卷 )For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit grown on

20、his own farm. 早饭他只喝自己农场种植的新鲜水果榨出来的果汁。3动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作。(2009 山东卷 )We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。1.(2010海南五校联考)I m afraid we ll have to work extra hours, for there are still some problems_. Aremaining to settle Bremaining to be settled 精选学习资料 - - -

21、 - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 15 页学习好资料欢迎下载Cremained to talk about Dto remain to discuss 解析:考查非谓语动词。此处是分词短语作后置定语,remain 与 problems 之间为主动关系,故应用现在分词形式;问题是亟待被解决,故应用 to be settled。综上所述可知答案为B。答案:B 2(2010 重庆卷 )Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one_first is the library. Arepaired

22、 Bbeing repaired Crepairing Dto be repaired 解析:句意为:本市有许多建筑需要维修,但首先该维修的是图书馆。考查非谓语动词作定语。 the one(building) 与 repair 之间为被动关系,故排除C 项;A 项表已经完成;B 项表正在进行; D 项表将来。根据题意,正确答案为D 项。答案:D 3(2010 北京卷 )I m calling to enquire about the position_in yesterday s China Daily.Aadvertised Bto be advertised Cadvertising Dh

23、aving advertised 解析:句意为:我打电话来是想询问一下有关昨天在中国日报上刊登的招聘职位的情况。本题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。空格处部分作position 的定语, 与 position 在逻辑上是被动关系,根据句意“ 职位已在昨天的报纸上被刊登” ,表示被动及完成,故A 项符合题意。答案:A 1过去分词作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。I ll have my house painted tomorrow.明天我会让人把我的房子粉刷一下。(被动 ) When I opened the door, I found

24、the ground covered by fallen leaves. 当我打开门时,我发现地面被落叶所覆盖。2现在分词作宾语补足语:现在分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行的主动动作,即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see ,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have, keep 等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 15 页学习好资料欢迎下载(2009 全国卷 )They use computers

25、to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑使交通畅通无阻。1.(2010湖南卷 )Listen!Do you hear someone_for help? AcallingB call Cto callD called 解析:句意为:听! 你听到有人正在求救吗?本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。设空处与宾语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故排除D 项;不定式作感官动词或使役动词的宾补要省去to 且不表示动作正在进行,故排除 C 项;因为表示动作正在进行,故排除 B 项;现在分词 calling 表主动且表正在进行,故为答案。答案:A 2(2010 辽宁卷 )Alex

26、ander tried to get his work_in the medical circles. Ato recognize Brecognizing Crecognize Drecognized 解析:句意为: Alexander 试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。 get sth.done 表示使某事物被做,如get my hair cut 表示理发; get her finger burnt 表示她的手指被烧伤。答案:D 3(2011 哈尔滨检测 )It s wonderful to hike with Dad and I have felt_with h

27、im.Ato protected Bprotected Cprotecting D to be protected 解析:本题考查非谓语动词。根据语境知felt 与 protect 之间是被动关系,排除选项A 和C;和父亲一起的徒步旅行已经结束,排除选项D。答案:B have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时,其中have,get 表示 “ 使、让、叫 ” 之意。1have sth.done get sth.done 使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事) I ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得 (请人 )修一下我的自行车。Mr Smith h

28、ad his house broken into while he was away on holiday. 史密斯先生在度假期间,他家的房子被别人破门而入。注意:have sb.doing 若用于否定句中,其中have 有“ 容忍 ” 之意。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 15 页学习好资料欢迎下载I won t have you speaking to your dad like that.我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。1.(2010青岛二模 )Hurry up ,Mary! It s time to go. I m

29、getting_.Have a little patience.Adress Bdressing Cto dress Ddressed 解析:考查非谓语动词。get dressed是一个固定的词组,表示 “ 穿衣服 ” 。语意: Mary,快点,我们该走了。 稍等下,我正在穿衣服呢。答案:D 2(2010 山东卷 )I have a lot of readings_before the end of this term. AcompletingB to complete Ccompleted Dbeing completed 解析:句意为:本学期结束前我有许多阅读要完成。考查非谓语动词作定语。

30、have sth.to do有某事要做, to do 的逻辑主语需和主句主语一致;当不定式的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时,可用have sth.to be done结构。答案:B 3(2009 重庆卷 )With the world changing fast,we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day. Adeal Bdealt Cto deal Ddealing 解析:本题考查不定式作定语。句意为:随着世界的快速变化,我们每天都有新的问题要独自处理。 have something to deal,动词 deal 逻辑上的主语

31、是we,也就是句子的主语。答案:C 4(2010 东城练习二 )Every year,Tom remembers to have some flowers_to her mother on her birthday. Asend Bsent Csending Dbeing sent 解析:本题考查非谓语动词。have something done 表示某事被做。答案:B 1(2010 四川卷 )In many people s opinion,that company,though relatively small ,is pleasant 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名

32、师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 15 页学习好资料欢迎下载_. Ato deal with Bdealing with Cto be dealt with D dealt with 解析:句意为:许多人认为那家公司虽然相对比较小,但与之相处令人愉快。本题考查非谓语动词作主语补语。“ 主语 be性质形容词动词不定式” 结构中, 主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式需用及物动词形式,如:The work is very difficult to do.(do the work)This house is very comfortable to live in.(live

33、in the house)本题中主语和不定式可构成的动宾关系为: deal with the company ,所以 A 项正确。答案:A 2(2010 上海卷 )I had great difficulty_the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. Afind Bfound Cto find Dfinding 解 析 :句 意 为 : 在 那 个 餐 馆 , 我 很 难 从 菜 单 上 找 到 合 适 的 食 物 。 have difficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing(做 有困难 )是固定搭配,所以选D

34、 项。答案:D 3 (2010 上海卷 )Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues_with her stories. Aamused Bamusing Cto amuse Dto be amused 解析:句意为: Lucy 很有幽默感,总是讲故事让她的同事消遣。考查非谓语动词作宾补。首先排除 C、D,因为 keep 后不用不定式作宾补。amused 觉得好笑的; amusing 逗人笑的,令人觉得好笑的。答案:A 4(2010 浙江卷 )The traffic rule says young child

35、ren under the age of four and_less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. Abeing weighed Bto weigh Cweighed Dweighing 解析:句意为:交通规则规定:四岁以下,体重不到 40 磅的小孩必须坐在安全的座位上。考查非谓语动词作后置定语。分析句子结构可知,空格处的内容和under the age of four 并列作 young children 的后置定语,weigh“ 重量为 ” 此处为不及物动词,没有被动形式,精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师

36、归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 15 页学习好资料欢迎下载故排除 A 和 C 两项;动词不定式作后置定语也需要用及物动词,B 项也被排除。答案:D 5(2010 辽宁卷 )We were astonished _the temple still in its original condition. Afinding Bto find Cfind Dto be found 解析:句意为:发现那座寺庙依然是最初的面貌,我们很惊讶。本题考查不定式表示出乎意料的结果; 另外 be astonished to do 也是常用的搭配, 表示某人做某事的情绪,如: be pleased

37、to see,be sorry to say 等等。答案:B 6(2010 新课标全国卷)Mrs White showed her students some old maps_from the library. Ato borrow Bto be borrowed Cborrowed Dborrowing 解析:句意为: 怀特老师把从图书馆借来的几张旧地图展示给学生看。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。 the map 和 borrow 之间是逻辑上的被动关系,而且表示已经发生的动作,因此用过去分词作定语。答案:C 7(2010 陕西卷 )His first book_next month is b

38、ased on a true story. ApublishedB to be published Cto publishD being published 解析:句意为:他的第一本书下个月将出版,这本书基于一个真实的故事写成。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。book 与 publish 在逻辑上为被动关系,故排除C 项; A 项表完成; B项表将来; D 项表正在进行。 根据时间状语next month 可知事情将要发生,故正确答案为B项。答案:B 8(2010 江西卷 )The lady walked around the shops,_an eye out for bargains. Akee

39、p Bkept Ckeeping Dto keep 解析:句意为:这位女士在商店周围闲逛,注意看有没有特价商品。本题考查非谓语动词作伴随状语。 因 shops 后为逗号, 所以后面的部分不应该是句子,不用谓语动词的形式,排精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 15 页学习好资料欢迎下载除 A 项; D 项为不定式,常表目的,用在此处不符合句意;keep 和其逻辑上的主语是主动关系,不用过去分词,排除B 项。答案:C 9(2010 福建卷 )In April ,thousands of holidaymakers remain

40、ed_abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. Asticking Bstuck Cto be stuck Dto have stuck 解析:句意为:四月,成千上万的度假者由于受到火山灰的影响,滞留在外。本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语holidaymakers 与 stick 间为被动关系,排除A、D 两项; remain过去分词,表示状态;remainbe done 表示将来。综上所述,答案为B 项。答案:B 10 (2010 山东卷 )The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table alread

41、y_for a meal to be cooked. Alaid Blaying Cto lay Dbeing laid 解析:句意为:起居室既干净又整洁,餐桌已经摆好了。考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。table 与 lay 在逻辑上是被动关系,排除B 项;从 already 可以看出动作已经发生,故排除C、D 两项; A 项表示被动且完成,故为正确答案。答案:A 1 (2011 海淀区第二学期期中练习)The scientist was rewarded by the government for_such a great contribution to the country. AmakeB

42、making Cbeing madeDhaving made 解析:考查非谓语动词。在介词for 的后面要用动名词形式,在获奖前贡献已经做出了,所以要用其完成式。语意为:这位科学家因为为国家做出了巨大的贡献,得到了政府的奖励。答案:D 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 15 页学习好资料欢迎下载2(2011 杭州市教学检测)A powerful earthquake struck Haiti s capital,_tens of thousands homeless and buried in ruins. AleftB

43、to leave Cbeing leftDleaving 解析:考查非谓语动词。从语意可知,海地首都发生强烈地震,造成了成千上万的人无家可归和被埋在废墟中,现在分词短语作状语,表示结果。答案:D 3(2011 厦门市质量检查)When the minister came to the snow- stricken area,he was happy to see the disaster victims well_. Atake care ofBtook care of Ctaken care ofDtaking care of 解析:考查非谓语动词。从句子的结构和语意可以看出victims

44、与 take care of 存在逻辑上的动宾关系,因此使用被动形式,在句中充当宾语补足语。答案:C 4(2011 海淀区期中练习)A few days after the interview I received a letter_my admission to the university. AofferingBoffered Chaving offeredDto be offered 解析:考查非谓语动词。offer 和其逻辑主语a letter 之间是主谓关系,所以要用现在分词表主动, 相当于 which offered 。语意为: 面试后的几天, 我收到了这所大学录取我的信。答案:A

45、 5 (2011 苏锡常镇四市教学调查)Can you imagine what difficulty people had this year_against the severe natural disasters? AfightingBto fight CfoughtDfight 解析:考查固定句式的用法。“ sb.have some difficulty in doing sth. ” 是固定句式,意思是“ 某人做某事有困难” ,其中的介词in 可以省略。答案:A 6(2011 东北三省四市联考)How do you Chinese celebrate Mid- autumn Day?

46、 Well,it depends.For me,I usually sit in the yard ,_the full moon with my family. AappreciatingBadmiring CappreciatedDto admire 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 15 页学习好资料欢迎下载解析:考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语admiring the full moon with my family 在句中作伴随状语, 表示 “ 我通常在中秋节坐在院子里和家人一起赏月” 。空处动词与逻辑主语之间是主

47、谓关系, 其表示的动作和句子的谓语动词的动作同时发生或紧接着发生,故用现在分词;appreciate “ 欣赏 ” 不用于进行时,故选B。答案:B 7(2011 东北三校第一次联考)Cao Cao s tomb is reported_in Anyang ,which attracts nationwide attention. Abeing foundBto be found Chaving been foundDto have been found 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意为:据报道,安阳发现了曹操墓,引起了全国(民众 )的关注。前半句是 “ It s reported that Cao

48、 Cao s tomb has been found in Anyang” 的另外一种表达方式,表示该动作已经发生,所以用不定式的完成形式。答案:D 8(2011 苏州一模 )After suffering a heart attack ,Michael Jackson was pronounced dead,_a tragic end to the world s most popular entertainer.AmarkingBto mark CmarkedDhaving marked 解析:本题考查非谓语动词。根据语境知,迈克尔 杰克逊在心脏病突发后死去,这标志着世界上最受欢迎的艺人的

49、悲惨结局。v.-ing 在此作结果状语。答案:A 9(2011 哈尔滨检测 )You can hardly imagine the efforts I have made_the goal. Ato achieveBof achieving Cto of achievingDto have achieved 解析:本题考查非谓语动词。句意为:你简直无法想像我为了实现目标所付出的努力。动词不定式作目的状语,故A 项正确。答案:A 10(2010 长沙二模 )When I came in,I found Lucy_by the window_to music. Aseated ;listening

50、Bseated ;listened Cseating;listenedDseating;listening 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 15 页学习好资料欢迎下载解析:考查非谓语动词的用法。第一空用seated ,相当于 sitting;第二空用动词的-ing形式,表示主动。答案:A 11(2010 南通一模 )The county ,_in the north of Shanxi ,has a history of more than 1,400 years. AlocatedBto be located Cbe

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