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1、Chapter 9 Tourism Demand and SupplyText A Tourism DemandActivities:1. Decide whether the following statements agree with the information given in the text._(1) Tourism demand means the total number of persons who travel, or wish to travel, and use tourists facilities and services at places away from
2、 their places of work or residence._(2) Economic distance and cultural distance are another two important factors whichinfluence tourism demand._(3) The higher the economic distance, the higher the resistance to that destination and,consequently, the higher the demand._(4) Cultural distance relates
3、to the time and cost involved in traveling from the origin tothe destination area and back._(5) Demand redirection means demand for one product is redirected to another, forexample, the demand for camping is replaced by that for leisure cruise.2. Fill in the blanks with proper words to complete the
4、following statements.(1) Many factors can_ tourism demand, including individual factors, economicones, geographic ones, political ones and those of destination.(2) A similar_ in demand was experienced with the introduction of the widebodied planes for transatlantic flights.(3) The demand substitutio
5、n is that demand for one activity is_ with that for another.(4) Destination choice remains_ in broad categories, but opportunities within thesecategories for single country and destination attract more tourists.(5) When the industry needs to precisely analyze the demand for travel, several_methods o
6、f econometric analysis can be used to project demand.3. Questions for discussion.(1) What is the tourism demand and how many types of it are there? Can you list them out?(2) Which kind of demand means people who wish to travel, but are not traveling presentlydue to temporary reasons, of self or the
7、supply end?(3) What are the reasons for one destination being replaced by another? Can you give specificexamples?(4) What type of distance refers to the extent to which the culture of the area from which thetourist originates differs from the culture of the host region?(5) How is tourism demand usua
8、lly measured? Can you give some examples?Text B Tourism Demand ForecastingActivities:1. Decide whether the following statements agree with the information given in the text._(1) Causal forecast uses mathematician and statistical models as forecasting tools whichcan be static or adaptive to new deman
9、d patterns._(2) Simulation forecast uses the relationship between demand and some other factors (e.g. the state of the economy, interest rates) to develop forecast._(3) The experts answer questionnaires in one round to determine the results of the forecast._(4) Time series forecasting models try to
10、predict the future based on present data._(5) Long-term forecasts are reliable than short-term forecasts.2. Fill in the blanks with proper words to complete the following statements.(1) Tourism demand and its status changes directly affect the direction and_ of theeconomic development of tourist des
11、tinations.(2) Demand forecasting is very important for smooth/efficient _of any organizationand even an economy as a whole.(3) Accurate forecasting of future tourism demand is a major_ of tourism demand studies.(4) Simulation forecast_ consumer choices that give rise to demand.(5) While the moving a
12、verage formula implies an equal weight being placed on each valuethat is being averaged, the weighted moving_ permits an unequal weighting onprior time periods.3. Questions for discussion.(1) Why has there been an increasing interest in tourism demand studies across the globe since the ending of Wor
13、ld War II?(2) What kinds of characteristics should be paid special attention to in tourism demand forecasting?(3) What makes time series forecast difficult to standardize or validate for accuracy?(4) What makes the conflict between the tourism supply and demand more and more prominent?参考答案Text A Tou
14、rism Demand1. Decide whether the following statements agree with the information given in the text.(1) F (2) T (3) F (4) F (5) T2. Fill in the blanks with proper words to complete the following statements.(1) determine (2) surge (3) substituted (4) stable (5) statistical3. Questions for discussion.(
15、1) The term“tourism demand”may be defined for a particular destination as the quantity ofthe tourism product (that is, a combination of tourism goods and services) that consumersare willing to purchase during a specified period under a given set of conditions. Thereare basically four types of touris
16、m demand. First, effective or actual demand refers topeople actually traveling at a point of time. Second, potential demand deals with peoplewho could travel if motivated. Third, deferred/postponed demand means people who wishto travel, but are not traveling presently due to temporary reasons of sel
17、f or supply end.And the last, suppressed demand describes people not interested in travel.(2) Deferred/postponed demand means people who wish to travel, but are not travelingpresently due to temporary reasons of self or supply end.(3) Cost, climate, social, political reasons, etc.(4) Cultural distan
18、ce refers to the extent to which the culture of the area from which thetourist originates differs from the culture of the host region.(5) Tourism demand is usually measured in terms of the number of tourist visits from anorigin country to a destination country.Text B Tourism Demand Forecasting1. Dec
19、ide whether the following statements agree with the information given in the text.(1) F (2) F (3) F (4) F (5) F2. Fill in the blanks with proper words to complete the following statements.(1) scale (2) functioning (3) focus (4) imitates (5) average3. Questions for discussion.(1) The increasing inter
20、est in tourism demand studies motivated by the rapid growth of thetourism industry across the globe since the ending of World War II.(2) In tourism demand forecasting, the following characteristics should be paid specialattention to: Long-term forecasts are less accurate than short-term forecasts; A
21、ggregateforecasts are more accurate than disaggregate forecasts; Information gets distorted whenmoving away from the customer.(3) The information relating to the factors affecting the forecast is typically non-quantitative,soft, and subjective. Historical data may not be available or may be of little relevance tothe forecast. The non-scientific nature makes it difficult to standardize and validate foraccuracy.(4) The strong seasonality of tourism and the unstorability of its products make the conflictbetween the tourism supply and demand more and more prominent.