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1、人教课标人教课标高二选修高二选修6Unit 12022-8-1虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood (I)GRAMMER 语法语法4 陈述语气陈述语气I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.4 祈祈使语气使语气Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.一一. 语气的分类语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气: 陈陈述语气述语气, 祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同
2、的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。用动词的不同形式来表示。4 虚拟语气虚拟语气If I were you, I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.2022-8-1条件句表示主句的条件条件句表示主句的条件, 分真实条件句和分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。虚拟条件句两种。a. 真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能表示条件是真的或有可能实现的实现的, 采用陈述语气。采用陈述语气。b. 虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实
3、现的乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。采用虚拟语气。 (The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的表示说话人所说的话不是事实话不是事实, 而是一种假设而是一种假设, 愿望愿望, 怀疑或推怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句条件状语从句, 也也可用于名词性从句等。可用于名词性从句等。二二. if 虚拟条件句的概念虚拟条件句的概念由由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作引导的虚拟条件句叫作 if虚虚拟条件句拟条件句I could easily recognize if I had seen him before.其他虚拟条件句其他虚拟条件句Without your
4、help, I couldnt have finished my work on time. 三三. if Sentence Structure if 虚拟条件句的结构虚拟条件句的结构a. 表示表示与现在事实相反与现在事实相反的假设的假设b. 表示表示与过去事实相反与过去事实相反的假设的假设c. 表示表示与将来事实相反与将来事实相反的假设的假设1. 虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于条件状语条件状语从句中从句中(1) 表示与表示与现在事实相反现在事实相反的假设的假设, 条件条件 状语从句状语从句中的谓语动词用中的谓语动词用“过去式过去式(be 动词的过去式用动词的过去式用were)”, 而而主句主句中的
5、谓中的谓语动词语动词“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形动词原形”。 虚拟语气虚拟语气If I were a boy, I would join the army.What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery, I wouldIf I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.If I had a lot of money now, I w
6、ould travel around the world.If it were fine now, I would go shopping.a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenPRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that
7、 room, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.were notcould bewerewould askChoose one of the topics and discuss it in groups.1. You had a dream that you were a teacher. What would you do if you were a teacher?2. Suppose you won a lot of money. What woul
8、d you do with the money? If I _ a teacher, I.were2. 与过去的事实相反与过去的事实相反从句的谓语从句的谓语用用had过去分词过去分词, 构成构成If I (we, you, he, they)had过去分词的形过去分词的形式；式；主句的谓语主句的谓语用用should(第一人称第一人称)/would (第二、三人称第二、三人称) /could/might have 动动词过去分词。词过去分词。If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not h
9、ave had If I _ how to swim,I _ trapped in this island.had learnt would not have been a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughtPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.c. If I _
10、 (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.had metwould have goneSolve problems The students failed the English exam. Could you give him some suggestions? One of your friend got HN1 last year. He suffered a lot. What could you do help him?3. 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反从句的谓语用从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he,
11、 they) 动词过去式或动词过去式或 were to do 或或should do 形式形式, 主句谓语用主句谓语用should(第一人称第一人称) /would (第二、三人称第二、三人称) /could/ might 动词原形。动词原形。If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.If he got up early, he
12、would be on time.假如他来了假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？我们对他说什么呢？If he were to come, what should we say to him.假如他看见我假如他看见我, 就会认识我。就会认识我。If he should see me, he would know me.a. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power.b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?should
13、 beshould makewould happenshould get upPRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanksc. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship.were to controlwould be 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同间不同而不同, 这叫做这叫做混合条件句混合条件句。 例句中从句与过去事实相反例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与主句与现在
14、事实相反。现在事实相反。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now.条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语从句的谓语形式形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在 过去时过去时(were)would/could/should/might +v. (原原)1虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓从句的谓语形式语形式 主句的谓语形式
15、主句的谓语形式过去过去 过去完成时过去完成时would/could/should/might + have+ p.p.条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语从句的谓语形式形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式未来未来1. 过去时过去时2. should+ v.3. were to dowould/could/ should/ might +v. (原原)二二. 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在宾语从句宾语从句中的用法中的用法1. 在动词在动词wish后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中, 表示与表示与现在或过去的事实相反现在或过去的事实相反, 或对将来的或对将来的主观愿望主观愿望, 从句通常省略连词从句通常省略连词that。
16、1) 表示对表示对现在情况的虚拟现在情况的虚拟: 从句动词用从句动词用过去式或过去进行式过去式或过去进行式 (be动词一般用动词一般用were) 。I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.(2) 表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟的虚拟:从句动词从句动词常用常用“had过去分词过去分词”。The party was terrible, I wish I had never g
17、one to it.(3) 表示对将来的主观愿望表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形从句动词形式为式为 “ would动词原形动词原形”。注意注意: 主句的主句的主语主语与从句的主要与从句的主要不能相不能相同同, 因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿愿(非动物名词除外非动物名词除外)。但愿你立刻来。但愿你立刻来。I wish you would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.2. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。常见动词：
18、常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即议，四个要求。即:1. insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand, require, request, desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词气。即从句中的动词 使用使用should + 动词原动词原形，或者将形，或者将should省略。省略。e.g. 我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯
19、明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.He insisted that I (should) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there. 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括句包括主语从句主语从句，表语从句表语从
20、句和和同位语从句同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：样。即：(should)V.order, advice, suggestion, proposal,demand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed dow
21、n. insist/suggest不接虚拟不接虚拟的用法的用法1. She insisted that she was right. 她她坚持认为坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实）自己是对的。（坚持事实） 2. His uncle insists that he should not stay in the hotel. 他的叔叔他的叔叔坚持要求坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。他不要待在旅馆里。2. The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy. I suggested that the teachers wages (should) be in
22、creased.3. Its (about/high) time +(that)should +V.过去时你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。Its time that you went.Its time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. (Should不可省略不可省略)as if/as though由由as if (as though) 或或even though (even though) 引导的状语从句表示比较或方引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时式时, 从句谓语形式为动
23、词从句谓语形式为动词的过去式的过去式 (be用用were) 或或 “had过去分词过去分词”。He behaves as if he owned the house.(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.)She talks about Rome as though she had been there herself.他那样对待我他那样对待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。好像我是陌生人似的。He treats me as if I were a strang
24、er.注意注意: 如果表示的事情可能会发生如果表示的事情可能会发生, 那那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。述语气。Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.4. would rather (that)现在：过去：将来：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析
25、1关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析2 2关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析3 3关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析4 4关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析5 5从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。入空白处的最佳选项。1. Have you ever been to Beijing? No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had2. If there were no water in the world, everything _. A. will die B. would die C. woul
26、d have died D. have died 3. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. could have gone B. could go C. have gone D. went 4. If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay 5. I wish that you _ such a bad headache be
27、cause Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A. wouldnt have B. didnt haveC. hadnt had D. havent had 6. When a stick is partly in a glass of water, it looks as though it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 7. “Are you going to the ball tonight?” “Its too late now. Ho
28、w I wish _ about it earlier!”A. Ill know B. Ive known C. I know D. Id known 8. The guard of the meeting insisted that everybody _ the rules.A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 9. “Jacks been ill for some weeks.” “Iknow. I wish _ see a doctor.”A. he should B. he can C. hell D. he could 10. “Y
29、ou should have gone to the cinema with us yesterday. The film was very good.” “I wish I _ yesterday off. Id have gone with you.” A. have had B. had C. have D. had had11. It is time that we _ this practice. A. stop B. stopped C. will stop D. have stopped12. I wish I _ as healthy as my cousin. A. were
30、 B. am C. was D. will be 13. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A. have been B. are C. were D. had been 句型练习句型练习 (用用If I were you句型翻译下列句句型翻译下列句子子)1. 我要是你的话我要是你的话, 我就会把英语学好。我就会把英语学好。2. 如果你昨天来如果你昨天来, 你就会看见他。你就会看见他。3. 万一明天下雨万一明天下雨, 我们就不到那儿去。我们就不到那儿去。4. 我希望我十年前认识他。我希望我十年前认识他。5. 他对待我
31、就像对待他自己的儿子一样。他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。Homework关于陈述语气关于陈述语气1 1 (The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等。邀请，命令，警告或劝告等。I am not interested in what you said.Have you ever been to France?What a splendid palace!What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.关于陈述语气关于陈述语气 2 2关
32、于祈使语气关于祈使语气 1 1关于祈使语气关于祈使语气 2 2关于关于祈祈使语气使语气 3 3关于祈使语气关于祈使语气 4 4真实条件句真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气真实条件句用于陈述语气, 假设的情假设的情况可能发生况可能发生, 其中其中if是如果的意思。是如果的意思。时态关系时态关系句型句型: 条件从句条件从句 主句主句 一般现在时一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形动词原形If he comes, he will bring his violin.The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. rai
33、ns C. rained D. is rained答案答案B真实条件句主句为将来时真实条件句主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。从句用一般现在时。注意：注意：1) 在真实条件句中在真实条件句中, 主句不能用主句不能用be going to表示将来表示将来, 该用该用shall, will。 (错错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2) 表示表示真理真理时时, 主句主句谓语动词便不用谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形动词原形, 而直接而直接用一般用一般现在时的动词形式。现在时的动词形式。