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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1.1.虚拟条件句虚拟条件句2.2.名词性从句的虚拟语气名词性从句的虚拟语气3. 3. 虚拟语气的其他用法虚拟语气的其他用法。IfIf条件句条件句主句主句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反did(be动词动词用用were)would(或或could, should, might) do与过去事实相反与过去事实相反had donewould(或或could, should, might) have done与将来事实相反与将来事实相反或可能相反或可能相反did(were)should dowere to dowould(或或could
2、, should, might) do一、虚拟条件句：一、虚拟条件句： 条件状语从句是非真实情况时，要用虚拟语气。条件状语从句是非真实情况时，要用虚拟语气。1）If I were you, I would study hard.2）If it rained, I would not be here now.1）If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.2）If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.1) If it shou
3、ld rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.2) If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.3)If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry.注意问题：注意问题：1 、 I f 条 件 句 中 绝 对 不 可 出 现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型，反之亦然。eg: If you had fol
4、lowed the doctors advice, you would be quite all right now.If she were a doctor, her neighbor would have been saved last night.3、在条件句中如果出现、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可可省去省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I would
5、see it with my own eyes. Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home1) If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.2) If I were to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.3) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.特别提示v“Were it not for 如果要不是 Had it not be
6、en for如果当时要不是”几乎成了固定句式。vWere it not for your help, I would never be a good boss.vHad it not been for you, I would have lost my way.二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：1. 1. 在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语主语(should(should）动词原形，如：）动词原形，如：1). We suggested that the meeting
7、 should be held. 2) The suggestion that the meeting should be held was rejected. 3) It was suggested that the meeting should be held.4) The suggestion is that the meeting should be held.5) It was required that the crops should be harvested at once. 6) That is their demand that their wages be increas
8、ed.suggestsuggest等动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用等动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用(should) + do, (should) + do, 这类动词的字头记忆口诀为这类动词的字头记忆口诀为: : I drop caps.I drop caps. 具体为具体为: :insist, demand, desire, request(insist, demand, desire, request(请求请求), ), require, order, propose(require, order, propose(建议建议), ), command(command(命令命令), ask(
9、), ask(要求要求), advise, prefer, ), advise, prefer, suggestsuggest注意注意:1) I insisted that John had done it. I insisted that John (should) do it.eg: Her expression suggested that she was angry.insist1) 表示坚持认为表示坚持认为2）表示坚持要求某人该）表示坚持要求某人该真实语气真实语气虚拟语气虚拟语气2) I insisted that the earth moves round the sun.Sugg
10、est 表示暗示，说明的意思时用真实语气表示暗示，说明的意思时用真实语气He suggested that we (should) go to school at once.Its strange/important/necessary/surprising that 或或It is/was a pity (a shame /an honor /a surprise) that句式中句式中, that 从从句的谓语动词用句的谓语动词用(should) +do, (It is strange/surprising that常译为竟然常译为竟然）注意：在这种句子中绝不可用注意：在这种句子中绝不可用
11、“would”、 “must” “could”等。等。eg: 1) Its strange that he (should) not come. 2) Its important that you (should) ask your parents for advice about your work.三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：句：1. wish1. wish后的宾语从句：后的宾语从句： 1)1)与现在愿望不一致与现在愿望不一致 主语过去时；主语过去时； 2)2)与过去愿望不一致与过去愿望不一致 主语主语hadhad过去分词；过去分
12、词； 3)3)与未来愿望不一致与未来愿望不一致 主语主语wouldwould（could, could, should, mightshould, might）原形。）原形。eg: 1) I wish (that) I were you. 2) I wish I had visited the White House when I was in the States. 3) I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.2. If only2. If only引起的感叹句引起的感叹句1) If only he could come! 他要能来就好了
13、他要能来就好了2) If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。我要早知答案就好了。3) If only I knew the answer!3. as if（though）引导的从句）引导的从句eg: 1) She loves the children as if they were hers. 2) Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there It seems as if it is going to rain.vAs if/as though 也可事实或很大可能性是事实的从句，常用在look see
14、m taste smell sound 等后vIt seems as if the boy has lost his way.4. would rather, 引导的句子也需使用虚引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，示现在与将来的情况用过去时，would rather后不加后不加that如：如：.eg: 1) Id rather you posted the letter right away. 2) Id rather you had returned the book yesterday. 3) Id rath
15、er you painted the wall green next time.5. Its (high) time句型：当句型：当Its time后用后用that从句时应该为：从句时应该为： 主语主语should原形原形 主语过去时主语过去时eg: 1) Its time that you went to school. 2) Its time that you should go to school.6. without, but, but for, but that 引起的短语或句引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。这时主句用虚拟子常暗含着含蓄条件。这时主句用虚拟1) Without yo
16、u, I would never know him.2) But for your cooperation, we wouldnt have done the work so well.要不是要不是你的合作，我们不可能把工作做得这么出你的合作，我们不可能把工作做得这么出色。色。3) But that she was afraid, she would have said no.要不是要不是害怕，她会拒绝的。害怕，她会拒绝的。eg: 1) I would be most glad to help you, but I am busy now. 2) I would have come to th
17、e party yesterday, but I was working. 3) I am busy now, otherwise I would help you.7. 表示祝愿时表示祝愿时, 用用May +主语主语 + 动词原形动词原形, 如如: 1) May you succeed in your work!2) May you be happy!v8 so that, in order that, 引导的目的状语从句,从句的谓语动词形式多为should (may might can could would) +动词原形v I hired a boat so that I could g
18、o fishing. 1)The boy acted _ he had never lived in Canada before. A. as though B. even if C. as D. since 2) I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night. A. was B. were C. had been D. should be 3) He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have c
19、ome D. had come 4) Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 5) But for the party, he _ of hunger 30 years ago. A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die 9) Id rather you _ right away. A. leave B. left C. will leave D.
20、 to leave 7) I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended 8) You talk as if you _ there. A. were really B. has really been C. had really been D. would really be 6) Its high time that we _ to school. A. would to B. went C.
21、 go D. will go 12)He felt as if he _ more time to study for the test. A. needs B. were needed C. needed D. need 11) It is high time we _ off. A. are B. were C. be D. will be 10) Without your help, our team _ the last match. A. wont win B. will lose C. wouldnt have won D. cant win 13)I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known