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1、0909年高考语法复习系列年高考语法复习系列1、if引导的非真实条件句；引导的非真实条件句；虚拟语气的考点虚拟语气的考点2、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；3、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用；、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用；4、虚拟语气在简单句中的应用。、虚拟语气在简单句中的应用。If+主主+did(were),主主+would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形If I were you,I would try it again.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。如果我有一百万
2、美元，我会买下这架飞机。IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.与现在事实相反的非真实条件句与现在事实相反的非真实条件句If+主主+haddonesth,主主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（动词完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。与过去事实相反的非真实条件句与过去事实相反的非真实条件句与将来事实相反的非真实条件句与将来事实相反的非真实条件句Ifhecame/weretoco
3、me/shouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他我会告诉他.If+主主+did(weretodo/shoulddo),主主+would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用if从句动词从句动词 主句动词主句动词与过去事实与过去事实相反相反与现在事实与现在事实相反相反与将来事实与将来事实相反相反had donedid/were1.didwould/should/could/might have donewould/should/could/mi
4、ght do2.were to do3.should do1.Ifyou_tomorrow,you_findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;might.-Ifhe_,he_thatfood.-Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottak
5、enD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken .Ifmylawyer_herelastSunday,he_mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented1)Ifyou_(be)inmyplace,youwoulddothesamething.2)IfIhadlearnedEnglishwell,I_(be)abletotalkwithnativespeakers.3)Ifyou_(visit)oursch
6、ooltomorrow,youwouldseehowbeautifulitis.4、用括号里的动词的正确形式填空、用括号里的动词的正确形式填空werewouldhavebeenvisited/shouldvisit/weretovisit在非真实条件句中，如果在非真实条件句中，如果含有助动词含有助动词were,had,should,可将可将if省略，并将省略，并将were,had,should放在主语前，构成倒装句放在主语前，构成倒装句式。式。WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.2.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm
7、.Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.3.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldntgoout.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldntgoout.EXERCISE 在非真实条件句中，有时在非真实条件句中，有时条件句的动作和主句动作发生条件句的动作和主句动作发生的时间是的时间是不一致不一致的，这时，的，这时，动动词的形式要根据它所表示的时词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整间来调整，这叫，这叫混合虚拟条件混合虚拟条件句句或或错综时间条件句
8、错综时间条件句Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）1.Ifhe_thatoperationtwoyearsago,he_inbetterhealthnow.A.had,isB.hadhad,wouldbeC.had,wereD.hadhad,wouldhavebeen2.IfI_you,I_toherbirthdaypartylastnight.A.am,wil
9、lgoB.was,wouldgoC.were,wouldgoD.were,wouldhavegone有时假设的情况有时假设的情况并不是以条件句并不是以条件句的形式的形式表示，而是通过一些表示，而是通过一些介词介词短短语或语或上下文上下文等方式表现出来，这种等方式表现出来，这种句子叫句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句，其作用与，其作用与非真实条件句一样，并且可以转换非真实条件句一样，并且可以转换为非真实条件句为非真实条件句or,otherwise,with,without,butfor,under等词经常出现在含蓄虚拟条件等词经常出现在含蓄虚拟条件句中句中Butfor the storm I w
10、ouldhavearrived much earlier.(=Ifithadnotbeenfor the storm,I wouldhavearrived)Without the storm I wouldhavearrived much earlier.(=If I hadnotbeen too busy，I wouldhaveattended the meeting.)She came here yesterday,otherwise/or I wouldnothave met her.(=If she hadnotcome,I wouldnothavemet her.)I wouldha
11、veattended the meeting,but I have been too busy.用括号里的动词的正确形式填空用括号里的动词的正确形式填空1.I_(come)toyourparty,butIdidnthavetime.2.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_(be)differenttoday.wouldhavecomewouldbe虚拟语气特殊句型虚拟语气特殊句型1.1.wish 的宾语从句的宾语从句would/could/might+V.现在现在:过去时（过去时（were）过去过去:过去完成时过去完成时将来将来:Exercises:1.“Haveyouv
12、isitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_.”A.had B.didC.have D.will2.Ididntgototheparty,butIdowishI_there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went3.Tomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach2.wouldratherthat现在：现在：过去：过去：将来：将来：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成
13、时过去时过去时1.Iwouldratheryou_(pay)menow.2.Iwouldratheryou_(nottell)herthenews.3.Iwouldratheryou_(come)tomorrow.paidhadnttoldcame3.Its(about/high)time+that-过去时过去时should+V.我们该去睡觉了。Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.=Itstimeforustogotobed.现在：现在：过去：过去：将来将来:did/werehaddonewould+动词原形动词原形4.asif/
14、though+Clauseasif/though引导的从句表达的内容引导的从句表达的内容很可很可能发生能发生或是或是事实事实时，要用时，要用陈述陈述语气；若语气；若表达的内容表达的内容与事实不符合与事实不符合，或发生的，或发生的可可能性不大能性不大时，要用时，要用虚拟虚拟语气语气1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken2.Theactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC
15、.amD.were3.Thecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_rain.A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.would5.If only 1.IfonlyI_(know)hisnamenow!2.Ifonlywe_(follow)youradvicelasttime!3.IfonlyI_(see)himagainnextyear!knewhadfollowedcouldsee现在现在:过去时（过去时（were）过去过去:过去完成时过去完成时将来将来:would/could/might+V.(1)要是就好了要是就
16、好了=Iwish(2)=aslongas常用陈述语气常用陈述语气.Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultiesifonlywearecloselyunited.如果我们紧密团结就一定能战胜如果我们紧密团结就一定能战胜一切困难一切困难.6.IfitwerenotforIfithadnotbeenforIfitwerenotfortheleadershipoftheParty,wecouldnotliveahappylife.Ifithadnotbeenfortheheavyrain,wecouldhaveclimbedthemountainyesterday.要不是因
17、为虚拟语气在名词虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用性从句中的应用表示要求、命令、建议的从句中表示要求、命令、建议的从句中,谓语谓语通常用通常用“（should）+V原形原形”常见动词常见动词:一个一个坚持坚持,两个两个命令命令,三个三个建建议议,四个四个要求要求1).insist2).order,command3).advise,suggest,propose4).demand,require,request,desire1）insist作作“坚决（主张），坚决（要求）坚决（主张），坚决（要求）”解解时，表示一个时，表示一个主张主张或一种或一种看法看法，后接的宾语从，后接的宾语从句采用句采用虚拟语气
18、虚拟语气；作；作“坚持（说）坚持（说）”，表示一，表示一个个事实事实，后接的从句采用，后接的从句采用陈述语气陈述语气。Mikeinsistedthathe_never_(steal)anything.Mikeinsistedthathe_(leave)forLondonnow.注意：注意：hadstolenshouldleave2）suggest作作“表明，暗示表明，暗示”用用陈述语气陈述语气；作；作“建建议议”时才用时才用虚拟语气虚拟语气。Hispalefacesuggestedthathe_(be)ill.Hesuggestedthatwe_(finish)itbeforedark.was
19、(should)finishItissuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)+that从句从句谓语动词用谓语动词用(should)+动词原动词原形形这些动词构成的主语从句也要使用这些动词构成的主语从句也要使用虚拟虚拟语气，语气，常应用于以下句型中：常应用于以下句型中：这些动词的这些动词的名词形式名词形式order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire后面的后面的表语从句表语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句也要用也要用
20、虚拟语气虚拟语气，谓语动词用，谓语动词用(should)+动词原动词原形形Myideaisthatwe(should)doexercisesfirst.6.在主语从句中，如果表示惊奇、不相信、在主语从句中，如果表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等，那么谓语动词要用惋惜、理应如此等，那么谓语动词要用“(should)+)+V原形原形”。常用于：常用于：Itisnecessary/strange/natural/important+that从句从句Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc)+that从句从句1.It is important that we (master)a fo
21、reign language.2.It is a pity that you (be)so careless.3.Its necessary that we(study)hard.(should)mastershouldbeshouldstudy1.I_(help)youwithyourworkifI_(be)freenow,butImtoobusy.2.Ifwe_(leave)twentyminutesearlieryesterday,we_(catch)thefirsttrain.3.Ifshe_(come)heretomorrow,she_(tell)methat.Weknowshewi
22、llflytoBeijingtomorrow.4.IfI_(see)himtomorrow,Iwillgiveittohim.用括号里的动词的正确形式填空用括号里的动词的正确形式填空wouldhelpwerehadleftwouldhavecaughtcame/weretocome/shouldcomemighttellsee5.IwishI_(see)younow.6.IwishI_(have)aroomofmyownwhenIwasaboy.7.Isuggestedthathe_(go)thereatonce.8.Heinsistedhe_(send)tothecity.9.Hisexpr
23、essionsuggestedthathe_(pass)thetest.10.Sheinsistedthatshe_(nottake)it.hadhad(should)go(should)besenthadpassedhadnttakensaw11.Theideathatwe_(go)toBeijingbyaircametrue.12.Itisnecessarythatthey_(finish)theirworknextMonday.13.Itisimportantthatthey_(do)itinanotherway.14.ItistimethatI_(go)tobed.15.IfonlyI
24、_(take)hisadvicebefore.(should)goshouldfinishshoulddowenthadtaken16.IfonlyI_(be)abird.17.Ifit_(be)notfortherain,thecropsshould(would)die.18.Helooksasifhe_(be)anartist.19.ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshe_(study)EnglishinEngland.20.Idrathershe_(notvisit)himyesterdaywerewerewerehadstudiedhadntvisited2
25、.wouldratherthat现在：现在：过去：过去：将来：将来：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去时过去时1.Iwouldratheryou_(pay)menow.2.Iwouldratheryou_(nottell)herthenews.3.Iwouldratheryou_(come)tomorrow.paidhadnttoldcame1.The students_ busily when Miss brown went to get a book she had left in the office.A.wrote B.had written C.were writing D.wri
26、teA2.-Have you moved into the new house?-not yet,the rooms _.A.painted B.was painting C.are being painted D.has painted3.I first met Lisa 3 years ago.she _ at a radio shop at that time/then.A.worked B.workes C.was working D.has worked4.-are you still busy?-yes,I _my work,and it wont take long.A.just finish B.am just finishing C.have just finished D.am just going to finish