2022年高考英语复习-不定代词 .pdf

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1、高考英语复习不定代词附专项练习及详解高考英语复习不定代词1、常用不定代词Some 一些,某Any 一些,任何many 许多much 许多little 几乎没有few 几乎没几个a little 一点儿a few 少数几个every 每一个each 各、每both 二者都either 二者中任何一者neither 二者都不all 所有一切none 全部不other 别的、其他的another 另一个no 没有one 一个精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 20 页some ,any ,every 和 no 都可以与body ,

2、thing和 one 构成不定代词在用法上保持some ,any ,every和 no 的特点,但这些合成的不定代词只能作名词性代词,不能作形容词性代词。2、不定代词在句中的作用1不定代词既可用作名词,也可用作形容词,大多数在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。1作主语: Everything goes well!万事如意!2作宾语: We admire all of you.我们钦佩你们大家. 3作表语: Thats all for today.今天就到这儿。4作同位语: He is taller than you all.他比你们都高。5作定语: All the people are

3、 present.所有的人都到了。2every 和 no 在句子中只作定语,Every child can get a gift for Christmas.每个孩子都能得到一件圣诞礼物。I have no idea about it.对此我一无所知。3、常见不定代词的用法1one 的用法one 泛指任何人,可以在形容词和that ,this 等词后代替刚提过的可数名词,其所有格形式为ones ,反身代词为oneself ,复数形式为ones 。1 泛指 人,如:One should be strict with oneself.人应该严格要求自己。2 表示 一个人或物 ,如:Chinese

4、is one of the most useful languages in the world.汉语是世界上最有用的语言之一。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 20 页3 代替上文己出现过的可数名词,如Ive lost my pen. I want to buy a new one.我的钢笔丢了,我想买一枝新的。4 the one和 the ones表示特定的人或物,如:No film is as good as the one I saw last week.我上周看的电影最好。Students who do well

5、 in examinations are the ones who ask questions in class.考试成绩好的都是上课爱提问的学生。5One 前可以有形容词修饰,这时它需带冠词或受形容词性的物主代词修饰,如:I have two balls. The old one is on the floor. The new one is in my hand.我有两个球,旧的在地板上,新的在我手里。He bought a new pen yesterday. His old one is broken.昨天他买了一支新钢笔,他那支旧的坏了。6 one 可用 this ,that , a

6、ny ,some ,each ,the ,next ,every ,which等修饰,如:Here are two umbrellas, which one is yours?This one or that one?这儿有两把伞,哪一个是你的?这个还是那个?7one 或 ones 带后置定语时,前面要加定冠词,如:Is this the one you want?这是你想要的那个吗?8 one 和 it 的区别,如:one 和 ones 是泛指,表示同类中的任何一个或几个,it是特指,指代上文出现过的某一物。如:This book is a good one. May I borrow it

7、?这是一本好书,我可以借它吗?2some 和 any 的用法精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 20 页1some 和 any 均表示 一些 ,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词;some 一般用于肯定句中,any 多用于疑问句、否认句和条件句中,some 和 any 可用作名词作主语和宾语,也可用作形容词作定语,Some of the students will go to Qingdao tomorrow.明天有些学生将去青岛。作主语Is there any left?还有剩下的吗?作定语There isnt any

8、time left.没时间了。作定语2some 用于单数可数名词前,表示某一个 ,如:Ive read the story in some book.我在某本书中读过这个故事。Some girl is waiting for you at the school gate.有个女孩在校门口等你。3some 与数字连用,意为大概 ,大约 ,如:The country has exported some two million bikes this year.这个国家今年己出口了大约 200 万辆自行车。4some 用于疑问句,表示说话人希望得到肯定的答复或表示请求、建议,如:May I have

9、some water?我可以喝些水吗?请求,期待给予肯定答复Would you like some apples?想吃些苹果吗?邀请5any 可用于肯定句,表示任何的 ,修饰单数可数名词,如: You may choose any student。你可以选择任何学生。6any 可用作状语,表程度,如:I cant stay here any longer.我不能再呆在这儿了。3each 和 every 的用法精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 20 页1each 每个,各,各自的 ,强调个体, 在句中充当定语、 主语、宾语和

10、同位语, every强调整体,表示每个都 ,在句中只能作定语,如:Each room can seat at least fifty people.每个房间至少能坐50 人。作定语Every one has strong and weak points.每个人都有优缺点。作定语Each of the students will get a new book.每个学生将得到一本新书。作主语Each child will find his own personal road to success.每个孩子将会找到他个人的成功之路。作定语The headmaster shook hands with

11、 each of us in turn after the game.比赛后,校长同我们每个人一一握手。作宾语We each have our own attitude to teaching students.在教学问题上,我们每个人有各自的看法。作同位语2each 指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个,every 指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个,如:There are trees and flowers on each side of the street.街道的每一边都遍布树和花。Every student has read a poem.每个学生都读了一首诗。3every 可以表

12、示 每隔 , 构成 every+数词 + 复数名词 every+ few+复数名词every+ other+单数名词 或every+序数词 + 单数名词 。Each 没有这种用法,如:every three days每隔 2 天,每 3 天 every other hour/every second hour每隔 1小时every few days每隔几天4both和 all 的用法精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 20 页1both 表示 两者都是 ,all 指三者或三者以上的、全体,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语B

13、oth of the students are fifteen.这两名学生都是15 岁。作主语All but one are present.除了一人外,其他的人都到了。作主语She asked both of them to leave the city.她让他们两人都离开这座城市作宾语Both plans are good.两个计划都是好的。作定语All men are equal.所有的人都是平等的。作定语You are both too young.你们两个都太年轻。作同位语They all agree to stay here.他们都同意呆在这儿。作同位语2all 除指人外,还可指物

14、,表示所有,一切 ,作主语时,谓语动词用单数,All is over with him.他一切都完了。指情况3all 还可修饰不可数名词,如:All hope has gone.所有的希望都破灭了。4both 和 all 同否认词连用,表示部分否认,如要表示全部否认,分别用neither和none ,如:Both of them are not singers.他们俩不都是歌手。部分否认Neither of them is a singer.他们俩都不是歌手。完全否认Not all books are good.不是所有的书都是好书。部分否认None of the books are good

15、.这些书都不是好书。完全否认5much和 many 的用法much和 many都有 许多 的意思, much表示或修饰不可数名词,many 表示或修饰可数名词。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 20 页1much或 many多用于疑问句或否认句,在肯定句中常用a lot of ,lots of ,plenty of ,a large quantity of,quantities of 代替, much还可用 a great deal of 代替, many还可用 alarge number of代替。2 much和 man

16、y在句中可作主语、宾语或定语,many作主语时,谓语动词用复数, much作主语时,谓语动词用单数,如:Many of the students did well this time.这次许多学生做得好。作主语Much of the time is free. 许多时间是空闲的。作主语I have much to say.我有许多话要说。作宾语I dont have much to do today.今天我没太多的事要做。做宾语Many people wanted to stay here.许多人想呆在这儿。作定语Theres much water in the bottle.瓶里有许多水。作

17、定语3 much可用作副词、作状语,表程度,如:The city is much larger than that one.这个城市比那个城市大多了。4 be not much意为 不怎么样 ,如:Ive visited the country and it is not much.我拜访过那个国家,并不怎么样。5 much还可与 too 连用,构成 too much+不可数名词 短语,意为 太多的 .如:There is too much noise in the classroom. 在教室里有太多嘈杂声。6 much还可与 too 连用,构成much too非常 副词词组,修饰形容词、副

18、词,不修饰动词,如:Im much too busy to see visitors.我太忙,不能会见来访者。7 many a+可数名词单数 表示 许多 ,如:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 20 页Many a way has been tried.己试过不止一个方法了。8 在名词前如果有冠词或指示代词等词时,要用many of或 much of结构,如:Many of my books are English.我的书大多是英语书。6either和 neither的用法Either 指两个人或物中的任何一个,表示肯定意

19、义,neither指两个人或物中一个也不,两者都不表示否认意义。1 这两个词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语,作主语时谓语动词用单数,如:Either of them has a pen. 他们两人都有一枝钢笔。作主语Neither is wrong.哪个都没错。作主语Do you speak German or French?I dont speak either.你讲德语还是法语? 这两种语言都不说。作宾语Neither answer is right.两个答案都不对。作定语I know neither of the two men.这两个人我一个也不认识。作宾语There are trees

20、on either side of the road.路两旁有树。作定语2 either可放在否认句的句尾,表示也,如:I dont know either.我也不知道。3either修饰名词时,前面不用物主代词,表示代词或定冠词,可以说:either pen但不能说the either pen或 either my pen。4either用作代词时,可以单独使用,也可和of 连用, of 后接复数名词,名词前要用一个物主代语、指示代词或定冠词,如:He doesnt like either of the two places.他不喜欢这两个地方中的任何一个。精选学习资料 - - - - -

21、- - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 20 页5当 either of作主语时,动词一般用单数形式,但在否认句和疑问句中,动词也常用复数,特别在口语中,如:Either of them is good enough.他们两个都足够好。I dont think either of them are at home.我认为他们俩都不在家。6either.or.,意为 不是 .就是 .,或者 .或者 .,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上要同最近的主语保持一致,如:Either he or I am to blame.或者他或者我将受到责备。Is ei

22、ther he or you going to the cinema?他去看电影,还是你去呢?Are either you or he going to the cinema?你去看电影,还是他去呢?7no 和 none 的用法1no 表示 不 无,只能作定语,修饰不可数名词或可数名词单、复数,相当于not any 或 not a 。none 表示 没有人,任何人也不,用作名词,相当于no one或 not any 。2none 常用 of 连用,构成none of. 结构, none作可数名词用时,指三者或三者以上都不 ,作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可,none 作不可数名词时,谓语动词用

23、单数, none在句中作主语或宾语,不作定语,不与名词连用,如:There is no water in the bottle.瓶里没有水了。作定语He has no choice but to lie down.他除了躺下,别无选择。作定语None of the books areisinteresting.没有一本书是有趣的。作主语He knows none of us.我们之中他谁都不认识。作宾语3 none but+复数名词 作主语时,谓语动词要用单数,如:None but wolves walks like that.除非狼才会那么走。4 none 和 no one的用法精选学习资料

24、 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 20 页none 答复以 how many/much引导的特殊疑问句或any of+限定语 + 名词 或表一定范围的一般疑问句及含有anybody或无限定范围的一般问句,简言之,none 表示数量,no one表示人,如:-How many students are there in the classroom now?现在教室里有多少学生?-None. 一个也没有。-Have any of you ever been to the Great Wall?你们中有人去过长城吗?-None.一个也没有。

25、-Who can answer the question?谁能答复这个问题?-No one.没有人。8few 和 little的用法1few 和 little均表示数量,但用法及表达意义有所不同,如下所示:修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词肯定意义a few a little 否认意义few little 2在句中可作主语或定语,如:Few of the books are for children.这些书中几乎没有合适孩子们的。作主语Theres a little water in the bottle.瓶里有点水。作定语I know a few of them.他们当中我认识几个。作宾语3a li

26、ttle常可同 a bit 换用,但not a little相当于 very 或 much ,意为 很 丰常 ,not a bit意为 一点也不 ,相当于not at all He did not feel a bit sorry.他一点也不觉得难过。He is not a little tired.他很累。4有关的固定搭配,如:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 20 页not a few 相当多的only a few仅少数,只有几个make little of对.不大理解little or no几乎没有little b

27、y little逐渐地quite a few 相当多的not a little很,非常9复合不定代词的用法1some ,any ,no 和 every 都可以和one ,body ,thing连用, 构成复合不定代词,如: someone,somebody,something,anyone ,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,no one ,nobody和 nothing。以 some 为首的复合不定代词用法同 some ,以 any 为首的复合不定代词用法同any ,如:There is something interesting

28、in todays newspaper.今天的报纸上有有趣的事。Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper?今天的报纸上有有趣的事吗?2复合不定代词在句中只起名词的作用,在句中可作主语、宾语和表语,作主语时,谓语动词用单数,Does anybody live on the island?有人住在这个岛上吗?作主语He knows nothing about it.对于那件事,他一无所知。作宾语She is a singer or something.她是一名歌手或什么的。作表语3形容词在修饰复合不定代词时,要放在所修饰词的后面,作后置定语

29、,如:Theres nothing serious.没什么要紧的。4everyone或 everybody用于泛指,其后不可跟表范围的of 短语,如要跟表范围的 of 短语,则就分开写every one,every body,如:Is everyone here today?大家都到齐了吗?泛指Every one of the students has a new book.这些学生中每人有一本新书。特指精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 20 页5人称代词 +each 结构中, 后面的谓语动词应用复数,each of+人

30、称代词 结构中,谓语动词用单数They each are sure that they will get there on time.他们每个人都坚信他将准时到那儿。Each of them is sure that they will get there on time.他们每一个从都坚信将准时到那儿。10 other 、 another、the other和 others 1)other可作形容词或代词,做形容词时,意思是别的,其他 ,泛指 其他的人或物 。如:Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗?Ask some other people

31、. 问问别人吧!2)the other指两个人或物中的一个时,只能用the other,不能用 another,此时的other作代词。如:He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人。the other后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other作形容词。如:On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边,有一棵大树。Mary is much taller than the other girls.

32、 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。3)others是 other的复数形式,泛指另外几个 ,其余的 。在句中可作主语、宾语。如:Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱和跳舞,其余的从事体育活动。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 20 页Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧!There are no others. 没有别的了。4.the others意思是 其他东西,其余的人。特指某一范围内

33、的其他的人或物。是 the other的复数形式。如:Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。the others=the other +复数名词,这在第2 条中已经有所介绍。5)another=an+ other,既可作形容词,也可作代词,只能用于三个或更多的人或物,泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的另一个 ,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如:I dont like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个,请给我看看另一个。I ha

34、ve three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人练习与详解1 He cant hear you, because there is _ noise here Avery much B too much Cmuch too Dso many 2 _ name is Han Meimai. AHerself BHers CShe DHer 3All of us were invited, but _ of us came Anei

35、ther Bnone Cboth 4 The weather in Shanghai is different from _ ABaotou BBaotou weather C that in Baotou Dthose of Baotou 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 20 页5 There isnt _ water in the cup. Aany Bmany Csome Dthe 6 -Is this _ pen? -No, _ is on my desk. Ayour; my B yours; my Cyou

36、r; mine Dyours; mine 7 The bottle is empty. There is _ in it. Aanything Bsomething Cnothing 8 -Look! We have _ sugar. -Really? Lets go and buy some. Afew Ba few Clittle Da little 9 There isnt _ milk in the fridge. Youd better buy some. Ano Bany Csome 10 -There isnt _ water here. Could you get _ for

37、me? -All ringht. Asome; some Bany; any Csome; any Dany; some 11 Today, _ trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world. Amuch too Btoo much C many too Dtoo many 12 There are lots of English books here, and _ of them is easy to understand. Aboth Ball Cevery D each 13 Is the shirt on the bed _

38、 ? Ayours Byour Cyou 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 20 页14 Mr Green taught _ English last year. Aour Bwe Cus 15 These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me _ one. Aother Bothers Cthe others Danother 16 Mary cant go with us. _ has to look after _ mother at home. AShe; h

39、is BShe; her C He; her DHe; His 17 There isnt _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me? Aany; some Bany; any Csome; some Dsome; any 18 I often help _ . Ahe or she Bhis and her Chim and her Dhis and hers 19 There are some trees on _ side of the street. Aboth Ball Ceither Devery 20 Which of th

40、e two dictionaries do you like better?I like _ , because theyre not useful. Aboth Beither Call Dneither 21 They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest. Aany Bsome Cnone Dneither 22 There were _ people and noise in the park last Sunday. Amany; much Bmuch; much Cmuch; many Dmany;

41、 many 23 _ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionary. AEach; every BEvery; each CEach; each DEvery; every 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 20 页24 Please keep together. We want _ of you to get lost. Anone Bsome Cmany Dany 25 There is _ water h

42、ere; but there are quite _ empty glasses. Alittle; a few Bfew; little Cfew; a few D little; a little 26 The skirt is _ . She made it _ . Ahers; herself Bher; herself C herself; hers Dherself; her 27 Havent you forgotten _ ? _ ,oh, I forgot my bag. Aanything; Excuse me Bsomething; Excuse me Csomethin

43、g; Pardon D everything; Pardon 28 Be quiet! I have _ to tell you. Aimportant anything Banything important Cimportant something Dsomething important 29 My father is very busy with his work. He has _ time to do the housework. Alittle Bfew Ca little Da few 30 - _ of the boys in Class Four are playing g

44、ames. -_. AAll BEach CThe both DNone 31 The boy promised _ mother never to lie to _ again. Ahis; him Bher; her Cher; him Dhis; her 32 Would you like some milk in your tea?Yes, just _ . Amuch Ba little Ca few Dlittle 33 _ school is much larger than _ . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1

45、6 页,共 20 页ATheir; our BTheir; ours C Theirs; ours DTheirs; our 34 Put it down, Richard. You mustnt read _ letter. Aanyones elses Banyones else Canyone elses Danyone else 35 He found _ very interesting to ride a horse. Athis Bthat Cit Dwhich 36 Han Meimei, what about _ to eat? Aeverything Bsomething

46、C nothing Danything 37 _ office is much smaller than _ . AOurs; yours BOur; yours CTheirs; our DYour; their 38 Help _ to some meat, Mary,my aunt said to me. Athemselves Bourselves Cyourself Dhimself 39 There are twenty teachers in this gradeEight of them are women teachers and _ are men teachers. At

47、he other Bthe others C othersD other 40 Though they had cleaned the floor, there was still _ water on it. Alittle Ba little Cfew Da few 参考答案1Btoo much只能修饰不可数名词,much too 修饰形容词或副词,very much可修饰动词; many只能修饰可数名词,不能修饰不可数名词。2D her 作物主代词,意为她的 ,注意 her 还可作 she 的宾格。3B句意: 我们都接到邀请,但我们谁没来。none是 all 的反义词,表示三者以上的没有

48、一个人或物。 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页,共 20 页4C that 作为代词。代替主语weather. A项错误在于Baotou与前面的主语weather不相对应,无法比较。代词that 既可代替不可数名词,也可代替单数可数名词。5Aany 用于疑问句和否认句,some 用于肯定句。6C your 是形容词性物主代词,只能作定语修饰名词;mine 是名词性物主代词,可作主语、表语和宾语,但不能作定语。7C空白处填nothing是与前一句的empty相照应、吻合的。8C从后一句 去买些糖 可知 糖不多了 。little

49、的意思是 少,有否认含义,只能修饰不可数名词,a little是一点 ,有肯定含义。few 和 a few 是修饰或代替可数名词,前者否认,后者肯定。9 B肯定句中用some ,疑问句和否认句中用any 。10 D前一句是否认句,故用any ;后一句是说话者恳请别人做某事,希望对方同意,并认为对方能同意,故用some 。11 Dtoo much只能修饰不可数名词,too many只修饰可数名词;A 项只修饰形容词或副词; C 项本身就是错误的。12 Devery和 each 都作 每一个 讲,但 every 只能作定语; each 既可作定语,还可作主语、宾语、同位语等成分。both和 all

50、 作主语代替可数名词,谓语动词应用复数。13 A 14 C代词作宾语应用标本宾格,us 是 we 的宾格。15 Dother意为 别的、其它的,可修饰单数名词,也可修饰复数名词。others表示 别人 或别的事物 ,是泛指的复数概念。the other是特指的 其余的人或物。another是泛指的 另一个人或物。 16 BShe 在句中作主语,故用主格,her 作物主代词。17 A精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页,共 20 页18 C代词作宾语应用宾格。19 C此处的either可换用 each ; both后修饰复数名词。

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