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1、高考英语第二轮热点专题复习代词内容解读1.不定代词的用法；2.替代词的用法；3.it 的用法；4.其他不同性质代词用法差异。规律方法1近五年代词的考查点集中在不定代词上，考查角度有两个：一是考查它们相互间的意义和功能差别， 如：all, everything 和 anything 等的意义差别， it, that 和 one 不同的指代功能；二是它们之间语法牲的差异，如it (代词 ) 和 which ( 关系代词 ) 的区别。2试题注重了情景干扰，注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系，而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂，正确分析其结构、理解句意在解题中起着很重要的作用。高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主
2、线前进；1.加强语境的真实性和复杂性。2.加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。突破方法：1.英语中代词的相关知识庞杂，代词在语言使用中又极力频繁，所以，代词的用法看似简单，其实不易。建议考生认真对待代词，不可掉以轻心。2.首先要从整体上把握代词的知识，如代词种类的划分：人称代词；物主代词：形容词性物主代词，如your；名词性物主代词，如yours；反身代词；相互代词；指示代词；不定代词；疑问代词；连接代词（名词性从句）；关系代词（定语从句） ，了解各类代词的一般用法。更重要的是，根据上面所介绍的高考考查热点，更重点掌握几组易混词，尤其是不定代词间的用法区别。知识梳理清单一物主代词、反
3、身代词和疑问代词一、物主代词的用法物主代词1形容词性物主代词只作定语：This is our classroom. His father is an engineer. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 15 页2名词性物主代词1）作主语： This is her coat. Mine is over there. 2）作宾语： Something has gone wrong with my bike. May I use yours ? 3）作表语： This book isn t mine; it s Tom s.
4、说明：英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不译。如：Jack took off his coat and went to bed. 杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了。 “of + 名词性物主代词”可用作定语。如：Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 我的一些朋友要出席我的生日晚宴。That car of hers is always breaking down. 她的那辆小车总是出毛病。二、反身代词的用法反身代词：1作宾语1）动宾： Tom taught himself Chinese. 2）介宾： The boy is ol
5、d enough to take care of imself. 2作表语： She is not quite herself today. 她今天身体不太舒服。3作同位语：I myself can repair the bike. The table itself has only three lege. 说明：含有反身代词的惯用语 与介词连用You ll have to see if he has gone to the school for yourself. (for oneself 亲自 ) 你得亲自去看看了是否去学校了。The computer can shut off itsel
6、f. (of oneself 自动地 ) 计算机会自动关机。Jim is ot bad in himself, but he is a little shy. (in oneself地质上 ) 吉姆本人并不坏，可有点害羞。You shouldn t leave the child by himself at home. (by oneself 独自 ) 你不应把孩子独自留在家里。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 15 页One would rather have a bedroom to oneself. (to ones
7、elf 独自享用 ) 最后是与每个人都各有自己的卧室。 与动词连用be oneself 处于正常状态，显得自然enjoy oneself 玩得愉快behave oneself (be polite; show good manners) boast oneself 自夸come to oneself 苏醒devote oneself to 专心于；献身于find oneself to 随便吃，自行取用make oneself at home 不要客气seat oneself ( = sit ) 三、疑问代词1what, who 一般说来， what 问的是职业或地位，who 问的是姓名。如：
8、What was her husband ?她丈夫是干什么的？ He was a lawyer. 他是律师。 Who was her husband ?他丈夫是谁？ He was John Forbes, the son of a famous writer. 他是约翰福布斯，一个著名作家的儿子。2what, which which 用于已知情况的选择，其后可跟of 短语； what 用于未知情况的疑问，其后不能跟of 短语。如：What fruit do you like best ? 你最喜欢什么水果？Can you tell us what school you graduated fr
9、om ? 能告诉我们你毕业于什么学校吗？Which do you like better, oranges or apples ? 你比较喜欢桔子还是苹果？Which of you would like to go to that island ? 你们中谁乐意去那个岛？精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 15 页What are you looking for ? 你在找什么？3whatever, whichever, whoever 分别为 what, which, who 的强调形式。如：Whatever do you
10、 want ? 你到底想要什么？Whoever gave you the book ? 究竟谁给你的这本书？4注意下列疑问词的使用与汉译的差别What is the population ? 人口是多少？What is the distance ? 距离有多远？What is the price ? 价格是多少？What is the address ? 住在哪里？What is the attitude ? 态度怎样？What is the height / depth / width / size / weight ? 高度 /深度 /宽度 /长度 /大小 /重量是多少？清单二不定代词的用
11、法一、不定代词一览表可数one, each, many, both, another, either, neither, (a) few 不可数much, (a) little 可数不可数oone, any, other, all, some 复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything; someone, somebody, something; everyone, everybody, everything; nobody, nothing 二、不定代词的语法特征1every 和 no 只能用作形容词，不能用作代词。2复合不定代词只起代词作用，作主语时，谓语动词一概用单数
12、。表物为的复合不定代词，指代词用单数， 即：it, its; 表人类的复合不定代词，指代代词通常用复数，即：they, their 或them 等。He said something was lost, but he didn t say what is was. 他说有什么东西丢了，但没说是什么。Someone is waiting for me at the school gate, but I have no idea who they are (or who he or she is). 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4
13、页，共 15 页有人不得校门口等我，但我不知是谁。3复合不定代词都不可接of 短语，但 some one, every one, any one 都是两个词，之后可接of 短语（注意no one 不可接 of 短语） 。Every one of the students can speak good English. 这些学生中每个人都能说一口流利的英语。4除它们之外，其他的不定代词既可用作代词，又可用作形容词（none 只作代词）。形容词修饰复合不定代词时，必须置其后。三、不定代词的用法难点1none, no one, nothing 的用法区别 none 既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概
14、念，常用来回答how many /much 引导的疑问句； no one 只能指人， 且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who 引导的疑问句； nothing “什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what 引导的疑问句。如： How many people are there in the room now ? None. Who is in the room ? No one / nobody none 往往与前面的 (some / any / every ) + n. 匹配构成试题； 而 nothing 往往与 something, anything, everything 相匹配构成试题； n
15、o one / nobody 往往与 someone / somebody, everyone / everybody, someone / somebody 相匹配构成试题。如：I need someone to help me, but there is no one here. I need something to drink, but there is nothing. I need some students to help me to carry the tools for experiment, but there is none here. Is there anyone i
16、n that room ? No, no one. Is there anything in that room ? No, nothing. Is there any student in that room ? No, none. none 后面可加 of 引导的介词短语， 而 something / anything / everything / nothing; someone / anyone / everyone / no one 却不能。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 15 页2. each 和 every
17、 each 强调“个体”，起代词和形容词作用；every 强调“全体”，只能作定语。 Each 作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，不可用not each 来表示部分否定，而not every 表示部分否定。如：The tickets each cost ten dollars. 这些票每张十美元。 （each 作同位语，不能用costs）Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。= Not every man is honest. every 还可表示“每融的；每中的”，如下列说法中只能用every。every year or two 每一两年every now and
18、 then 时常every other day 每隔一天Choose one out of every ten boys. 每十个男孩中选一个。one car to every 20 people 每 20 人乘一辆车3. another, other, the other, others, the others 的用法一览表不定代词意义用法说明another 任何一个，另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或形容词。如：I don t like this coat. Show me another, please.other 另外的只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有t
19、he, this, that some, any, each, every, no, one 及 my, your, his 等时，则可与单数名词连用。如：any other plant, every other day 。the other 两者中的另一个常与 one 连用，构成：one the other 一个另一个；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”others 泛指别的人或物是 other 的复数形式， 泛指别的人或物 （但不是全部） ，不能作定语，构成someothersthe others 特指其余的人或物是 the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物。4全部否定和部分
20、否定all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及 every + 名词都表示全部肯定：no one, none, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 15 页nobody, nothing, nothing, not any, 以及 no + 名词都表示全部否定； 但当 not 出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not 在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。如：Both of them haven t read this story. = Only one of them
21、has read this story. 并非他们二人都看过这个故事。All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. 这些男孩都很聪明，但没有一个人能解出这道题。All bamboo doesn t grow tall. = Not all bamboo grows tall. = Some bamboo grows tall, but some doesn t. 并非所有的竹子都长得高。We fear no difficulty. = we don t fear any difficulty. 我
22、们不怕困难。Neither of them wants to stop for a rest. 他们两个谁也不愿意停下来休息。另外。any 所修饰的名词或由any 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词不能用否定式。也就是说，我们只能说not any，但不能说any not。如： Anything cannot stop him going there. Nothing can stop him going there. 任何事不能阻止他去那儿。 总括性副词如everywhere, always, altogether ( 全然地 )，wholly （全部地）和not 连用时，也表示部分否定。例
23、如：Such a thing cant be found nowhere. 这种事什么地方也见不到。5Both, all, either, any, neither, none 的用法都任何都不两者both either neither 两者（以上）all any none 如：I had to buy all these books because I didn t know which one was the best. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 15 页 It is easy to do the repair
24、. All you need is a hammer and some nails. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but neither of them came. Which of the three ways shall take to the village ? Any way as you please. We had three sets of the garden tools and we seemed to have no use for any. 清单三替代词的用法one, ones, the one, the ones, that,
25、those 关于替代词试题，首先要明白使用替代词的目的就是要代替前面的名词，以避免重复。那么， 做题时首先要弄清替代词替代什么样的名词，如： 可数还是不可数？是泛指还是特指？其中 one 用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念相当于a/an +单数名词； ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，有时可用that 代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。The ones 用来代替前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those 代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。that 用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the +单数 /不可数名词。如：Mr. Zhang gave me a very
26、 valuable present, one ( = a present ) that I have never seen. Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones ( = many presents ) that I have never seen. The book on the desk is better than that / the one under the desk. The books on the desk are better than those / the ones under the desk. 清单四it 的用
27、法一、代词it 的主要用法如下：1用作人称代词，指代前面提到的事物。如：This is not my book. It is Mary s. 2用来代替指示代词this 或 that。如： What s this ? It is a dictionary. Whose jacket is that ? It is hers. 3指人 Who is knocking at the door ? It s me. The baby no more cried as soon as it saw its mother. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -
28、- - -第 8 页，共 15 页The child is crying now. Go and see it. 4指时间、距离、天气、环境等。如： What s the time now ? It s ten past eight. It s getting colder and colder now. It s about ten minutes walk from my home to the school. It was very quiet at the moment. 5指代前面整个句子的内容。如： Our team won the football match. Have you
29、 heard about it ? The Parkers boutght a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in. 6表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词，后面跟上it 然后再跟从句，其从句作it 的同位语。如： I hate it when people ask me for money. 我不喜欢别人向我要钱。 I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. I like it in autumn when the weather is clea
30、r ad bright. I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand. 7it that thing or situation not mentioned but understood by the speaker and the hearer （未指明但谈话双方心里都明白的）那件事、那种情况。如：I can t stand it ( = this situation ) any longer. 我再也不能容忍这种情况了。How is it ( = you life, work ) going ? 近况如何？The worst of it is
31、 that we ll have to get the repair done again. Do you like it here ? Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. 8it 还可用作形式主语、形式宾语以代替主语从句、宾语从句。高考例题 The Foreign Minister said, “ _ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. ”A. This B. There is C. That is D. It is
32、答案 D 解析 本题考查it 作形式主语的用法，但B 项却有很大的干扰性，但根据题干所提供的内容， B 项很明显不符合逻辑。在中学教学中常与there be 结构连用的有：There is no doubt that / There is possibility that / There is no need to do sth. 等， 这些句型在复习中要熟练掌精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 15 页握。小试牛刀（练习一）每套练习 30 个小题， 15 分钟完成。1. The Parkers bought a new h
33、ouse but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which 2. Many people have been helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs _ for the poor. A. more B. who else C. many D. most 3. If this dictionary is not yours, _ can it be ? A. what else B. who else C. w
34、hich else s D. who else s 4. He was nearly drowned once. When was _ ? _ was in 1998 when he was in middle school. A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This 5. You re always working. Come on, let s go shopping. _ you ever want to do is going shopping. A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That
35、 6. The mother didn t know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. what 7. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what 8. Your coffee smells great ! It s from Mexice. Wou
36、ld you like _ ? A. it B. some C. this D. little 9. There s coffee and tea; you can have _ . Thanks. A. either B. each C. one D. it 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 15 页10. Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Why _ ? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he
37、 C. I D. me 11. Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we ve decided to stay for _ two weeks. A. another B. other C. the other D. other s 12. There at the door stood a girl about the same height _. A. as me B. as mine C. with mine D. with me 13. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are
38、 _. A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her D. him and hers 14. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one 15. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _ of them came. A. neither B. that C. it D. one 16. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many
39、political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name 17. It is easy to do the repair. _ you need is a hammer and some nails. A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything 18. I had to buy _these books because I didn t know which one was the best.A. both
40、 B. none C. neither D. all 19. Which of the three ways shall I take to the village ? _ way as you please. A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either 20. We had three scts of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for _. A. none B. either C. any D. each 21. I will never know what was on his mind at the tim
41、e, nor will _. A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else 22. playing tricks on others is _ we should never do. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 23. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish _ in two days ? A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others 精选学习资料
42、- - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 15 页24. I got the story from Tom and _ people who had worked with him. A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than 25. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately _ couldn t spare me even one minute. A. they B. one C. who
43、D. it 26. One week s time has been wasted. I can t believe we did all that work for _ . A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything 27. She doesn t know anyone here. She has got _ to talk to. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one 28. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made
44、 _ from some wood we had. A. it B. one C. himself D. another 29. Do you like _ here ? Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. A. this B. these C. that D. it 30. That s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _ he s done for you. A. something B. anything C. a
45、ll D. that 答案： 15 BADAC 610 ABBAD 1115 ABBCA 1620 DBDCC 2125 BBACA 2630 BDBDC （练习二）每套练习 30 个小题， 15 分钟完成。1. We asked John and Jerry, but _ of them could offer a satisfactory explanation. A. either B. none C. both D. neither 2. We haven t enough books for _ ; some of you will have to share. A. somebod
46、y B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody 3. The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. A. that B. it C. this D. him 4. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didn t help. A. it B. she C. which D. he 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -
47、 - - - - - -第 12 页，共 15 页5. I prefer a flat in Inverness to _ in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom s. A. one B. that C. it D. this 6. No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _. A. others B. the other C. either D. another 7. Victor certainly cares
48、 too much about himself. Yes. He s never interested in what _ is doing. A. no one else B. anyone else C. someone else D. nobody else 8. I think he s just going to deal with this problem _ day. A. next B. other C. following D. another 9. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, _
49、of them answered it. A. either B. none C. neither D. nobody 10. You will find as you read this book that you just can t keep some of these stories to _. You will want to share them with a friend. A. itself B. your self C. himself D. themselves 11. First, it is important to recognize what kind of per
50、son you are and which special qualities make you different from _. A. everyone else B. the other C. someone else D. the rest 12. Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. A. one B. ones C. it D. those 13. We ve been looking at houses but haven t found _