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1、2021高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（三）Exercise 1：长难句分析1. Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebites have also been developed and in the last five years there have been only three deaths from jellyfish stings and about the same number from snakebites. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】develop v.开发，发展，研制（新产品） 在过去几年里，这里的旅游业获得了相
2、当大的发展。 那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态的结构的叠合，即：has/have been done，表示“过去发生的动作对现在有影响或持续到现在，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如： 办公室看起来很干净。它刚被打扫过。 这台机器已修了两小时了。2. Adverts are not only made and paid
3、for by business, but also by individuals, organizations and associations that wish to inform or educate the public. 广告不仅【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】inform vt.通知，告知；构成短语：inform sb of sth通知某人某事 我将把我到达的日期通知你。 我遗憾地告诉你我没法帮助你。【语法点拨】一般现在时的被动语态的构成：is/are done。表示“现在经常性、习惯性的动作，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。 每年浪费掉很多食物。 数百万吨的废气和毒气
4、随着烟尘散发到空中。3. Margaret, married with two small children, has been working for the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】marry v. (使)结婚；嫁；娶 由于貌美，她得以嫁给一个地位比她高的人。 我相信杰克说想娶你是真心的。 他俩的结合违背了各自父母的愿望。【语法点拨】现在完成进行时的构成：has/have been doing。表示“一个动作从过去某个时间开始，延
5、续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去”。如： 你在电脑前坐的时间太长了。 难怪他这么累，他工作一天了。4. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.【解析】 【翻译】 5. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the
6、 ski resorts of Europe. In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China.（2010大纲卷阅读理解C篇）【解析】 【翻译】 Exercise 2：阅读练习Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream,years away from materializing in the real world.Wel
7、l,the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars,and for companies to operate driverless taxi servi
8、ces.California,it should be noted,isnt leading the way here.Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes,the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems
9、 and our cities,for better or for worse,depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so),policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams,cut emissions
10、(排放) and offer more convenient,affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copyor even worsenthe traffic of today with driverless cars?Imagine a future where most adults own ind
11、ividual self-driving vehicles.They tolerate long,slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work,entertain themselves or sleep on the ride,which encourages urban spread.They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid
12、paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning,they send the self-driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transportan unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.A study from the Universit
13、y of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric,self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper t
14、ravel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services,considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop
15、and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance
16、for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people,and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.1.According to the author,attention should be paid to how driverless cars can .A.help deal with transportation-related problemsB.provid
17、e better services to customersC.cause damage to our environmentD.make some people lose jobs2.As for driverless cars,what is the authors major concern?A.Safety. B.Side effects.C.Affordability.D.Management.3.What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Employed. B.Replaced.C.
18、Shared. D.Reduced.4.What is the authors attitude to the future of self-driving cars?A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.参考答案1.【句式翻译】治疗水母刺伤和毒蛇咬伤方法也已经研制成功，在过去的五年里只有三人死于水母刺伤，这与被蛇咬伤致死的人数大体相同。【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时的被动语态。Over the last few years tourism here has developed c
19、onsiderably. The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car. The office looks nice. It has just been cleaned. The machine has been repaired for two hours. 2.【句式翻译】广告可由商家付费制作，也可以由想给公众传达某种信息或教育公众的个人、组织或协会来出资制作。【句式分析】本句是由并列连词not onlybut also连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了一般现在时的被动语态。I shall inform you soo
20、n of the date of my arrival. I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you. A lot of food is wasted every year. Millions of tons of waste and poisonous gases are sent into the air with the smoke.3. 【句式翻译】玛格丽特，已婚，带着两个孩子，七年来一直在做清洁工，晚上给一座大楼里的办公室打扫卫生。【句式分析】本句是简单句，运用了现在完成进行时，包含有两个非谓语短语，married with
21、在句中作后置定语，cleaning offices作伴随状语。Because of her beauty, she has managed to marry above her. Im sure Jack was sincere when he said he wanted to marry you. They got married to each other against their parents wishes. You have been sitting in front of that computer too long. No wonder he is so tired. He
22、has been working all day. 4.【解析】本句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the thing，that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.中that引导表语从句，to 后又接一个宾语从句，表示无论是谁生病，and并列would go 和 be with。【翻译】最感动我的一件事情是无论谁生病了，她都在其身边陪伴着他。5. 【解析】 a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing作为Mr. Wei 的同位语，that could soon l
23、ead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe引导一个定语从句修饰industry。最后部分用了offering分词做后置定语对resort的修饰。【翻译】北京第一家滑雪旅游开发商经理魏先生，看到了中国旅游市场迅猛发展，很快便借鉴了欧洲滑雪的经验，最近几年滑雪旅游在中国流行起来。【语篇导读】介绍了人类即将进入“无人驾驶”时代,这将给人类带来益处还是带来不利影响?无论怎样,我们的时代已经为其做好了准备。A推理判断题。根据第二段可知,虽然目前人们一直关注无人驾驶车的安全问题,但作者认为政策制定者也应该关注无人驾驶技术如何帮助减轻交通阻塞、减排及提
24、供更多的交通便利、可支付的出行选择等问题,即作者认为应关注无人驾驶技术能帮助减少这些与交通有关的问题,故选A项。D推理判断题。第三段主要描述了无人驾驶车的一些使用便利,即这些正是作者的关注点。management “管理;使用手段”可概括这些使用方法,故选D项。A词义猜测题。根据该句逗号后面“considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).”可知,第一批无人驾驶车几乎可以确定是用于叫车服务,故此处划线词意思是“被使用(employed)”,故选A项。B推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.”可知,作者对无人驾驶车是持积极支持的态度,故选B项。