《2022年语言学第三章习题 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年语言学第三章习题 .pdf（4页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 2.Words are the smallest meaningful units of language. 3. Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a morphem
2、e the basic unit in the study of morphology. 4. The smallest meaningful units that can be used freely all by themselves are free morphemes. 5. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and affixes. 6. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as numb
3、er, tense, degree, and case. 7. The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added is called a stem, which can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself. 8. Prefixes usually modify the part of speech of the original word, not the meaning of it. 9. There are rules that gove
4、rn which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word. Therefore, words formed according to the morphological rules are acceptable words. 10. Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress. II. Fill in each b
5、lank below with one word which begins with the letter given: 11. M _ is the smallest meaningful unit of language. 12. The affix “-ish ” in the word boyish conveys a g_ meaning. 13. B_ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or b
6、ound, to form a word. 14. Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes and d_ affixes. 15. D_ affixes are added to an existing form to create words. 16. A s_ is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it may case change its part of speech. 17. C_ is the combination
7、 of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words. 18. The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word are called m_ rules. 19. In terms of morphemic analysis, d_ can be viewed as the addition of affixes to stems to form new words. 20. A s_ can be a
8、bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself to which a derivational affix can be added. III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement: 21. The morpheme “ vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) _. A. bound morpheme B. bou
9、nd form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme 22. The compound word “ bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound _. A. is the sum total of the meaning of its components B. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes 名师资料总结 - -
10、 -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - C. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase. D. None of the above. 23. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of _. A. the first element B. the second eleme
11、nt C. either the first or the second element D. both the first and the second elements. 24. _ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. A. Free morphemes B. Bound morphemes C. Bound words D. Words 25. _ is a branch
12、 of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. A. Syntax B.Grammar C. Morphology D. Morpheme 26. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _. A. lexical B. morphemic C. grammatical D. semantic 27. Bound morphemes are those that _. A. have
13、 to be used independently B. can not be combined with other morphemes C. can either be free or bound D. have to be combined with other morphemes. 28. _ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word. A. Prefixes B. Suffixes C. Roots D. Affixes 29. _
14、 are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists. A. Words B. Morphemes C. Phonemes D. Sentences 30. “-s” in the word “ books ” is _. A. a derivative affix B. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root IV. Define the following terms:31. morphology 32. inflectional m
15、orphology 33. derivational morphology 34. morpheme 35. free morpheme 36. bound morpheme 37. root 38. affix 39. prefix 40. suffix 41. derivation 42. Compounding V. Answer the following questions:43. What are the main features of the English compounds? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
16、- - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 44. Discuss the types of morphemes with examples. 第三章答案I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: l.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.T II. Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter give
17、n: 11. Morpheme 12. grammatical 13. Bound 14. derivative 15.Derivative 16. suffix 17. Compounding 18. morphological 19. derivation 20. stem III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:2l.D 22.D 23.B 24.B 25.C 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30.
18、C IV. Define the following terms: 31. Morphology: Morphology is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 32. inflectional morphology: The inflectional morphology studies the inflections 33. derivational morphology: Derivational morpho
19、logy is the study of word- formation. 34. Morpheme: It is the smallest meaningful unit of language. 35. free morpheme: Free morphemes are the morphemes which are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves or in combination with other morphemes. 36. bound morpheme: Bound mo
20、rphemes are the morphemes which cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. 37. Root: A root is often seen as part of a word; it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning; it must be combined with another
21、root or an affix to form a word. 38. Affix: Affixes are of two types: inflectional and derivational. Inflectional affixes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories, while derivational affixes are added to an existing form to create a word. 39. Prefix: Prefixes occur at the beg
22、inning of a word . Prefixes modify the meaning of the stem, but they usually do not change the part of speech of the original word. 40. Suffix: Suffixes are added to the end of the stems; they modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech. 41. Derivation: Deriva
23、tion is a process of word formation by which derivative affixes are added to an existing form to create a word. 42. Compounding: Compounding can be viewed as the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words. V. Anwser the following questions: 43. What are the main features
24、 of the English compounds? Orthographically a compound can be written as one word, two separate words with or without a hyphen in between. Syntactically, the part of speech of a compound is determined by the last element. Semantically, the meaning of a compound is idiomatic, not calculable from the
25、meanings of all its components. Phonetically, the word stress of a compound usually falls on the first 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - element. 44. Discuss the types of morphemes with examples. Free morphemes: They are the i
26、ndependent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves, for example, “ book-” in the word “ bookish ”. Bound morphemes: They are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word such as “-ish ” in “bookish ”. Bou
27、nd morphemes can be subdivided into roots and affixes. A root is seen as part of a word; it can never stand by itself although it has a clear and definite meaning, such as “gene-” in the word “generate”. Affixes are of two types: inflectional and derivational. Inflectional morphemes manifest various
28、 grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as “ -s” in the word “books ” to indicate plurality of nouns. Derivational affixes are added to an existing form to create a word such as “mis -” in the word “misinform” . Derivational affixes can also be divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes occur at the beginning of a word such as “ dis - ” in the word “dislike”, while suffixes occur at the end of a word such as “-less ” in the word “friendless”. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -