透析中考英语语法形容词、副词考点.doc

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1、透析中考英语语法形容词、副词考点形容词是用来修饰名词的词表示名词的属性,副词和形容词一样,在句中起修饰作用,所不同的是:形容词主要修饰名词;而副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子等。对形容词、副词的考查是高考一项重要考查内容,考查的方向主要表达在以下几个方面: 1. 形容词的用法;2. 副词的用法;3. 形容词和副词原级、比拟级、最高级的用法;4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。【考点诠释】一、考查形容词的作用与位置 形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。常放在被修饰的名词前作定语,放在系动词后作表语,或放在宾语之后作宾语补足语。1多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序【考例】-Yeah, too

2、 _work makes me tired. 市A. little B. many C. much答案C。解析此题重在考查几个形容词的用法。little有“小的或“几乎没有等意思。many与much都有“多的意思,但many修饰可数名词复数,much修饰不可数名词。空格后的名词work是不可数名词,故应选C。2形容词用作定语,修饰不定代词时,通常后置。The idea of sunshine sport makes it possible for kids to choose and do about sport as long as one hour every day. 市A. pleas

3、ant something B. anything pleasant C. nothing pleasant答案B。解析考查形容词和不定代词的位置关系。从句子意思可知应填anything pleasant表“任何快乐的事。A结构不对,C表否认。3表语形容词(well,unwell,ill,faint, afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake等)作定语,需要后置;有些表示身体健康状况的形容词,如well,faint,m只作表语;sick既可作表语又可作定语。【考例】Carl felt _because he won the first prize in the

4、 school singing competition. 省A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried答案B 。解析考查形容词词义。根据句意“获奖是值得快乐、自豪的事情,应选proud。I feel _to have a friend like him. He always helps me out when I am in trouble. 市A. luckily B. happy C. sorry答案B。解析此题重在考查系动词的用法。系动词feel“觉得其后可接形容词作表语,A项为副词,故排除;B、C虽然都是形容词,但意义相反,根据后句推断选B。J

5、in Yong is one of the greatest and oldest_ writersHe is still_.A1iving;alive B1iving;1ivingCalive;living Dalive;alive答案:A解析:alive作表语或后置定语,指“有生命的,活的,还出着气的;living指“健在的,现行的,现代的,可作表语,也可作定语。句意为“金庸是最伟大的健在的老作家之一,他仍然活着,应选A。4用作补足语。【考例】Li Leis words made her_. Ahappily BangrilyCcrying Dangry答案:D解析:此题考查make后跟形

6、容词作宾语补足语的用法。选项中只有angry为形容词,应选D。5 形容词之间词义的区别【考例】Nothing in the world is _if you put your heart into it. A. impossible B. important C. interesting D. necessary答案A。解析考查几个重要的形容词的含义。这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句,后句给出的条件是“如果你把你的整个心思放进去,那么可以很容易判断在世界上没有什么是“不可能的,其余三项“重要的、有趣的、必须的都与句子意思不符。-Would you like to go and see a fi

7、lm?-Sure; the TV programmes are too_.A. surprising B. interesting C. exciting D. boring答案D。解析考查形容词。根据语境应选boring意为“枯燥的。Why are you so_?Because our pingpong player Wang Liqin has won the world championshipAexcited BexcitingCbored Dboring答案:A解析:由题意“我们的乒乓球运发动王励勤获胜,应选A或B。exciting“令人兴奋的,往往修饰物事;excited指人兴奋

8、,应选A。二、考查副词的作用与位置 1副词那么用来修饰形容词、动词、副词或句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。The suitcase(手提箱)was _heavy for me to carry,so I pulled it up the stairs and into my flatA quite B so C very Dtoo答案D。解析考查 tooto句型。tooto太而不能,“这个手提箱太重了,提不动,所以 。We all love Miss YangShe always makes her history class very_. Ainterest Binterest

9、sCinteresting Dinterested答案:C解析:very是副词,后要跟形容词,该形容词修饰事物history class,故用interesting;如果修饰人用interested。应选C。2enough作副词修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。【考例】 What do you think of the lecture(演讲)of Li Yangs Crazy English? I think its_,but someone thinks its much too_.Awonderful enough;boredBenough wonderful;boringCwonderful

10、 enough;boringDenough wonderful;boredC解析:enough修饰形容词时要后置,故排除B、D,而形容物时要用一ing形式的形容词,形容人时用一ed形式的形容词,应选C。3 副词之间的词义区别【考例】Its too late to go out now and_, its starting to rain.A. though B. besides C. however D. instead 解析:答案为B。题干前半句说“现在时间太晚了不能出去了,后面有说“天开始下雨了,这两者是什么关系呢?不能出去的原因有两个,时间太晚不出去不方便,天在下雨就更不好出去了,因此两

11、者应该是并列或递进关系。选项B的besides意为“此外,而且,符合题意故为正确选项。三、对形容词和副词的比拟等级的考查1原级的用法。 表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as+原级形容词副词+as的结构;表示双方不相等时,用not so(as)+原级形容词副词+as的结构;表示一方是另一方的假设干倍时,用“倍数+as+原级形容词副词+as的结构。 【考例】John is much shorter than his sister,but he jumps _she doesAas good as B as best as Cas high as Das higher as答案C。解析

12、用“asas作比拟时,应使用形容词或副词的原级,据此可将B与D项排除。good是形容词,不能用作状语修饰谓语动词,所以C项正确。Dont just believe the advertisementThat kind of camera is _it says. Aas good as Bnot as good as Cas well as Dnot as well as答案:B解析:上句为“不要仅仅相信广告,下句应为“这种相机没有它说的好。“不如用not as+ adjadv + as,句中有is,故用形容词。应选B。2比拟级的用法。1表示一方超过另一方时,用“比拟级+than的结构表示。【

13、考例】Which coat is _on me,the blue one or the black one?一The blue one市A good B better Cbest Dthe best答案B。解析 考查比拟级,根据句意:“哪个大衣我穿着更好看,是蓝色的,还是黑色的?两者比拟用比拟级,应选B。 I think Shanghai food is _Sichuan foodI dont agreeI like Sichuan food better市A better than B so good as C more than D as well as答案A 。解析is是系动词,后面不能

14、用as well as(因为well作adv:),所以排除D。not soas表“不及,用在否认句中故也被排除。more than不合句意,所以选A。一What does your cousin look like now?0h, he is much _than before市A strong B stronger C strongest Dtoo strong答案B。解析此题考查形容词的比拟级。than是比拟级的标志,它表示两者作比拟,应使用形容词strong的比拟级stronger,应选B项。Lets go by plane, Its _than by train. 省A. faster

15、 B. fastest C. slower D. slowest答案A 。解析由关键词than可知用比拟级,所以排除了B、D。再由常识:飞机的速度快于火车,应选A。2表示一方不及另一方时,用less+原级+than的结构表示。【考例】The doctor told Mary to eat _ vegetables and _meat because she was getting fatter and fatter. 省A. much; little B. more; less C. many; few D. more; fewer答案B。解析 考查few与little的区别。此题由句意入手,

16、“医生叫玛丽多吃蔬菜,少吃肉,因为她正变得越来越胖。由后边的原因状语从句来看主句中也应为比拟级,排除A、C选项,vegetable为可数名词,用many的比拟级more修饰,meat为不可数名词,用little的比拟级less修饰,故此题选B。 一Hi,TomIs your brother as active as you?一No,hes a quiet boyHe is_.Aless outgoing than meBnot so calm as ICmore active than IDas outgoing as I31答案:A解析:根据前句“他是一个安静的男孩,也就是“不如我活泼,故只

17、有A符合句意。3一方在程度或数量上超过另一方时,可在比拟级前加程度副词even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far等来修饰。【考例】-You speak English much _than before. -Thank you. 省A. well B. better C. best D. good答案B。解析 句中有表示比拟的连词than,所以所填局部必定是比拟级,而选项中只有better是比拟级。-Mr Smith, would you please speak a little more _? -Sorry! I thought

18、you could follow me. 省A. quietly B. quickly C. slowly D. politely答案C。解析此题考查比拟级。由答语可知对方要求说得稍慢一些,而slowly的比拟级是more slowly,其他几项不符合要求。4用more and more 的结构,表示“越越【考例】The number of giant pandas is getting _ because their living areas are becoming farmlands. 年A. less and less B. larger and larger C. smaller a

19、nd smaller D. fewer and fewer【解析】 答案为C。句意为“大熊猫的数量越来越少因为他们的生存空间正逐渐变成农场。此题中四个选项都是“比拟级+ and + 比拟级的结构,表示“越来越。主语为number,只能和large或small搭配。而结合句意可判断答案为C。5. 用the+比拟级+句子其它成分,the+比拟级+句子其它成分表示“越越【考例】一Hi, AndrewHow can you improve your English so much? Oh,nothing difficultThe _you work at it,the _progress you wi

20、ll make市A harder;more B more hardly;moreChardier;greater Dharder;great答案A。解析 考查比拟级的用法。the+比拟级,the+比拟级表示“越越,如:the more,the better越多越好。 -I think so. _we study now, _future well have. 市A. The hard; the good B. The harder; the better C. The hardest; the best答案B。解析 根据题意可知要选比拟级,“the+比拟级,the+比拟级;表示“越,越。依据句

21、意:“现在学习越努力,将来会越好。四、最高级的用法。1三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,形容词最高级用the+最高级结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比拟范围的介词短语。Who is _running star in your college?I think Philip isAfamous Bmore famous Cthe most famous D1ess famous答案:C解析:由in your college在你们大学里限定范围,使用最高级,应选C。 Of all the sports shoes , John bought _ pair. Then he had some mone

22、y for socks. 市A. a cheaper B. the most wonderful C. the least expensive答案C。解析 考查形容词比拟级。根据句意可知,one of+(最高级)+名词复数,故排除A,再看句意,“因此他留下一些钱买袜子应选C。What do you like_,tea,coffee or milk? -Tea, of course. Abetter Bgood Cwell Dbest答案:D解析:此题考查副词最高级的用法。从三者中选择一者,构成了最高级的用法,应选D。2形容词最高级可被序数词以及muchBy far,nearly,almost,

23、by no means,not quite,not really。nothing like等词语所修饰。【考例】 4作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。【考例】 Did you enjoy yourself at the party? 一YesIve never been to _one before Aa more exciting Bthe most excited Ca more excited Dthe most exciting答案:A解析:由句意“我以前从未参加过比这个更令人兴奋的晚会可知,此处要用比拟级,故排除B、D两项。修饰物时要用一ing形式的形容词,应选A。5形容词和副词前

24、面使用冠词的情况。Welcome to our hotelIts _in the cityAgood BbetterCbest Dthe best答案:D解析:由in the city这一范围确定要用最高级,且最高级前要使用冠词the,应选D。English is one of _important subjects in our school Amost Bthe mostCmore Dmuch more 答案:B解析:此题考查形容词最高级的用法,根据范围in our school可判断用最高级,应选B。-I am getting _each month. I cant put on my

25、jeans.-Im afraid you have to take exercise every day. 省A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviestAmy makes fewer mistakes than Frank. She does her homework_.市A. more carefully B. more carelessly C. more careful D. more careless答案A。 解析考查副词的比拟级。修饰动词应用副词,且此题为比拟级,应选A。六、考查形容词、副词词义或用法上的区别【考例】Susan

26、 enjoys a cup of tea at times,but _she drinks coffee市A. mostly B almost Cnearly Dmost答案A。解析此题应从句意上破解,“大多数时候她喜欢喝咖啡,四个选项中, mostly可用作副词修饰谓语动词,符合句意。 Zhou Feng has 1earned English for many years,but he can _understand the English speakers.07省A. hardly B certainlyCalways Dalmost答案A。解析考查副词词义的区别。 抓住连词but是破解

27、题目的关键所在,它在句中表转折,意为“但是。 学了多年英语,理应能听懂英语,但他却“不能,所以应选表示否认含义的副词hard1y。Remember to e-mail meAll of us hope to hear from you_.市A quickly B soon Cfast Dquick 答案B。解析 此处应是副词作状语,所以D项排除。quickly常指动作敏捷,soon意为“很快;不久;fast常指速度快。由句意可知B项正确。Unluckily,Mr. Brown drove so _that his car crashed into a tree yesterday evenin

28、g Acareless BcarefulCcarefully Dcarelessly 答案:D解析:此题考查形容词与副词的用法,副词修饰动词。由题意“太粗心撞到了树上,应选carelessly。 Alice _eats meat so that she can keep herself from getting too fatArarely Balways Cnearly Dcarefully答案:A解析:rarely意为“很少;always意为“总是;near1y意为“几乎;carefully意为“细心地。【语法回忆】形容词和副词形容词是用来修饰名词的词表示名词的属性,副词和形容词一样,在句

29、中起修饰作用,所不同的是:形容词主要修饰名词;而副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子等。1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如: Our country is a beautiful country. 我们的国家是一个美丽的国家。作定语 The fish went bad. 鱼变坏了。作表语We keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们保持我们的教室干净、整洁。作宾语补足语(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have so

30、mething important to tell you. 我有重要的事情告诉你。 Is there anything interesting in the film. 在这部电影里有一些有趣的事情吗?(3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. 每个人,无论男人、妇女,老人和年轻人应该参加会议。 You can take any box away, big or small. 你可以拿走箱子

31、,大的或小的。(4) 用形容词表示类别和整体。某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接,如the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。例如:The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。5有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用,如the British,the English,the French,the Chinese等。例如: The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。 2. 副

32、词的用法(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. 他学习很努力。作状语Life here is full of joy.这儿的生活充满着愉快。 作定语 When will you be back? 你什么时候回来? 作表语 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类:1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有:now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如:He often com

33、es to school late.他经常上学迟到。What are we going to do tomorrow? 我们明天干什么?He s never been to Beijing.他从来没有到过。2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有:here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如:I met an old friend of mine on my

34、 way home.在回家的路上,我遇见了一位老朋友。He went upstairs.他上楼了。Put down your name here.写下你的名字。3)方式副词方式副词一般都是答复“怎样的?这类问题的,其中绝大局部都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有:anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast,

35、slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如:The old man walked home slowly.这位老人慢慢地走回家。Please listen to the teacher carefully.He runs very fast.他跑得很快。4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词,有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有:much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearl

36、y, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如:Her pronunciation is very good.他的发音很好。She sings quite well.他唱得相当好。I can hardly agree with you.我不能同意你的意见。5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有:how, when, where, why等。例如:How are you getting along with your studies? 你的学习进展得怎么样?Where were you yesterday? 昨天你在哪里?Why did you do

37、 that? 你为什么做那件事?(2)副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语,那么放在宾语之后。例如:Mr Smith works very hard.史密斯先生工作和努力。She speaks English well.他的英语讲得很好。2)频度副词作状语时,通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词,助动词和be动词之后。例如:He usually gets up early.他通常起得早。Ive never heard him singing.我从未听过他唱歌。She is seldom ill.她很少生病。3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough

38、作副词用时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如:It is a rather difficult job.这是一份相当难的工作。He runs very fast.他跑得很快。He didnt work hard enough.他工作不够努力。4)副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如:On my way home, I met my uncle.在回家的路上,我遇见了我的叔叔。The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.这里的学生有许多时间做研究工作。(3)局部常用副词的用法1) very, much这两个

39、副词都可表示“很,但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级,而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比拟级。例如:She is a very nice girl她是一个很漂亮的姑娘。Im feeling much better now.现在我感觉很好。Much可以修饰动词,而very那么不能。例如:I dont like the idea much.我不太喜欢这个主意。They did not talk much.他们很少交谈。2) too, either这两个副词都表示“也,但too用于肯定句,either用于否认句。例如:She can dance, and I can dance, too

40、.她会跳舞,我也会。I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.我没有读这本书,我的弟弟也没有。3) already, yetalready一般用于语肯定句,yet一般用于否认句。例如:He has already left.他已经离开。Have you heard from him yet?你还没有收到他的信吗?He hasnt answered yet.他仍然没有答复。4) so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句, 但so表示肯定,neither表示否认。例如:My brother likes football a

41、nd so do I.我哥哥喜欢足球,我也喜欢。My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.我哥哥不喜欢跳舞,我也不喜欢。3. 形容词和副词的比拟级和最高级大多数形容词性质形容词和副词有比拟级和最高级的变化,即原级、比拟级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差异。原级即形容词的原形,比拟级和最高级有规那么变化和不规那么变化两种。1 规那么变化 单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比拟级和最高级。构成法原级比拟级最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esttalltallertallest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节

42、词只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-estbusybusierbusiest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-estclever/narrowcleverer/ narrowercleverest/ narrowest其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比拟级和最高级important/ easilymore important/ more easilymost important/ m

43、ost easily2 不规那么变化原级比拟级最高级Goodbetterbestwell健康的worseworstBadill有病的Oldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostLittlelessleastfar farther/furtherfarthest/furthest3主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者比照相同。(1在否认句或疑问句中可用so as。例如:He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。Maths is as interesting as English.数学和英语一样有趣。(2当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式:as +

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