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1、学习必备欢迎下载动词的时态语态复习学案一、动词的时态时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16 种时态，但是常用的有9 种: (以 do 为例， S 表主语 ) 一般式进行式完成式现在时S+ do/does (not)+. S+ am/is/are (not) doing S+ have/has (not) done过去时S+ did (not) +S+ was/were (not) doing S+ had (not) done将来时S+ will(not) + doS+ will be (not) doingS+ will (not) have done过去将来时S
2、+ should/would (not) + do现在完成进行时S+ have/has (not) been doing(一) 一般现在时用法: 1） 、表示经常性、习惯性动作。句中常用often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week, month, year) 等时间状语。(1). He goes to school every day. (2). They often come to school early. 2） 、表示现在状态。(1). They are at home. (2). The old man is 76. 3） 、表示客
3、观真理。The sun is bigger than the earth. 4） 、在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。(1). If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. (2). When I graduate, I will go to the countryside. (二) 一般过去时用法: 1） 、通常带有确定的过去时间状语，表示过去某时间发生的事，存在的状态。这些时间状语有： yesterday, last night(week, month, year), two days(weeks, months
4、, years) ago, in 1970, just now等. (1). Did you see her just now? (2). The First World War broke out in 1914. 2） 、表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用”used to do 和 would do ”。(1) I used to smoke. (2). During the vacation I would swim in the sea. 3)在 since引导的时间状语从句中 , 如果主句的谓语用现在完成时,那么 since从句就要用一般过去时 . (1) You havent chan
5、ged much since we last met. (2) It has been over a year since I came back from the country. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载4) 其他句型It was two months before I received his lesson. It will be two months before we meet again. It was ten oclock when he arrived home.I didn
6、 t know you were in Paris.(三) 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态1、形式：一般将来时有如下几种表达方式1） 、will/shall + V 原形2） 、be going to + V原形3） 、be to + V原形4） 、be about to + V原形5） 、现在进行时表一般将来时6） 、一般现在时表一般将来时2、用法 : 1） 、 will/shall + V 原形,表单纯的将来 . will 适用于任何人称 , shall仅限于第一人称 . eg: (1) They will be back next week. (2). Dont worry, I sha
7、ll/will help you. 2) be going to + V原形, 表主观上打算做某事或表将要发生的事. eg: I am going to send these letters. 3) be to + V 原形,表按计划进行或征求对方意见. eg: We are to meet at the station at five. 4) be about to + V原形,表即将发生的动作 ,通常不与时间状语连用 . eg: Look! The race is about to start. I am about to speak when he rushes in. 注意: Miss
8、 Li is about to leave the office at 5 p.m. () 5) 现在进行时表一般将来时,表按计划即将发生的动作.但只限于少数动作(如: come, leave, go, arrive, start, begin, stop, return, move, sail) eg: The train is leaving. 6) 一般现在时表一般将来时,一般用于时刻表 ,不可随意改变 . 但只限于少数动作(如: come, leave, go, ar rive, start, begin, stop, return, open, meet, stay) eg: The
9、 meeting starts at five oclock.另外, 在时间和条件状语从句中 , 也用一般现在时表一般将来. eg: I will tell her when she comes back. I shall come even if it rains. (四) 过去将来时用法:表示从过去的某时间看将来要发生的动作或存在状态。过去将来时和一般将来时形式一样，只需把be换成 was/were, shall 换成 should, will 换成 would 就行了。(1). I didnt know that you would come. (2). She said she was
10、 going to write to her parents. (3). I was about to go out when it rained. (4). I asked Bob if he was leaving for Nanjing. (5). If it didn t rain we would go camping. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载(五) 现在进行时用法: 1） 、表示说话时正在进行的动作。常与now, just now, at this moment, at pre
11、sent 等词连用。(1). Now, I am doing my homework. (2). Watch carefully, I am making coffee. 2）表示说话者的某种强烈的感情色彩(赞许,气愤,厌烦),常与 always, forever等连用. (1) You are always making the same mistake.( 生气) (2) She is always thinking of others instead of herself.( 赞许) (六) 过去进行时用法: 1） 、表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
12、如：then, at that time, at this time, this time yesterday, at midnight 等。但在很多情况下要根据语言情景进行判断。(1). I was watching TV when the fire broke out. (2). What were you doing this time yesterday? 2） 、当两个动作同时发生时，如果动作一样长，则两个都用进行时；如果一长一短，则用进行时表示较长的动作。(1). We were having dinner when someone knocked on the door. (2)
13、. I was typing while my brother was reading. (3). We were walking down the street when it began to rain. (七) 现在完成时用法: 1)表示动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在存在着一定影响。此时一般不用时间状语。(1). I have read Red and Black. (2). I have found my pen. (3). He has been to Beijing. 2） 、表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去，常用for 和 since表示一段时间的状语或用so f
14、ar, now, today, this week(month, year), in the past(last) few years, lately, recently, up to now, at present 等时间状语。(1). I have worked here for ten years. (2). He has studied English since 1985. (3). My hometown has changed a lot in the past few years. 注意：表示短暂性动词如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for,
15、 since等表示一段时间的词连用。I have joined the army for 3 years. ( 错) 应该 I have been in the army for 3 years. 或 I joined in the army three tears ago. (八) 过去完成时用法: 过去完成时的基本用法与现在完成时相似，所不同的是：现在完成时的动作须在现在以前完成， 过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间以前完成，就是发生在“ 过去的过去 ” 。所以，使用过去完成时要先有一个过去的时间。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第
16、3 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载1） 、表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用by, before, until, when 等词引导的时间状语。(1). I had learned 5000 words before I entered the university. (2). By the end of last year we had built five new houses. (3). When we got there the train had already left. (4). I had finished my homework before suppe
17、r. 2）表未实现的愿望和想法（虚拟语气）(1)I had meant to come, but something happened. (2) I had thought you would not come. (九) 将来完成时用法: 表将来某时之前已将完成的动作。(1) They will have been here for ten years next July. (2) I shall have finished the work before he returns. (十) 现在完成进行时用法: 表过去某个时间发生的动作一直延续到现在,并且可能还要持续下去.使用的时间状语有 :t
18、his week(month, year), these days, recently, lately, in the past few years, since+ 时间点 , for+时间段(1) we have been studying Unit4 this week. (2) we have been learning English for six years. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别1) 现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的延续. 现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行 ,而现在完成时表示动作的结果或影响. (1) I have written a letter.(已写完 )
19、I have been writing a letter.( 还在写 ) (2) We have built the house for two months.( 动作可能结束 ,也可能还要继续 ) We have been building the house for two months.(动作还在进行 ,并且还要继续下去) 2) 现在完成进行时的动作是持续性的动作,不能使用状态动词 (表感觉 ,状态,心理活动等 ), 现在完成时可与短暂性动词, 持续性动词及状态动词连用. Eg: I have been feeling sad for many days. () 3) 有些延续性动词如
20、: keep, learn, study, live, stay, work 等的现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别不大 . Eg: I have lived / have been living here for many years. 二、动词的语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系.英语动词有两种语态 :主动语态和被动语态 .主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者. e.g. 1. Many people speak English. ( 主动语态 ) 2. English is spoken by many people. ( 被动语态 ) 一、被动语态的
21、结构1、被动语态的结构： be +及物动词的过去分词它的时态通过 be表现出来。肯定句： be + V-过去分词否定句： be not + V-过去分词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载疑问句： Be + 主语 + V-过去分词 ? 2、各种时态的被动语态：1）一般现在时： is/am/are + V-过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 2）一般过去时： was/were + V-过去分词 Our classroom was cleaned yesterda
22、y. 3）一般将来时：will/shall be + V-过去分词 Our classroom will be cleaned tomorrow. 4）过去将来时： would/should be + V-过去分词5）现在完成时： has/have been + V- 过去分词 Our classroom has been cleaned. 6）过去完成时： had been + V- 过去分词 Our classroom had been cleaned. 7）现在进行时： is/am/are + being + V-过去分词 Our classroom is being cleaned now. 8）过去进行时：was/were + being + V- 过去分词 Our classroom was being cleaned at that time. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页