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1、。-可编辑修改 - 动词的时态和语态总结I.动词的时态：1. 动词的时态一共有16 种，以 ask 为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成进行have/has b
2、een asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking II. 动词的被动语态：常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成1 一般现在时am/is/are asked 6 过去进行时was/were being asked 2 一般过去时was/were asked 7 现在完成时have/has been asked 3 一般将来时shall/will be asked 8 过去完成时had been asked 4 过去将来时should/would be asked 9 将来完成时wi
3、ll/would have been asked 5 现在进行时am/is/are being asked 10 含有情态动词的can/must/may be asked 注意事被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。如：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -
4、 。-可编辑修改 - 非谓语动词I.非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：项Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：It is believed that It is generally considered thatIt is said that It is well known that It must be
5、pointed out thatIt is supposed that It is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that 下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice. The door won t shut. / The play won t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes del
6、icious. / Water feels very cold. 下面词或短语没有被动态：leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构精品资料 - - - 欢迎下
7、载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 。-可编辑修改 - II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较：情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, sug
8、gest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider can t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote
9、oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to 两者都可以意义基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret
10、 doing（指动作已经发生）go on to do （接着做另外一件事）go on doing （接着做同一件事）try to do （设法，努力去做，尽力）try doing （试试去做，看有何结果）mean to do （打算做，企图做）mean doing （意识是，意味着）can t help to do （不能帮忙做）can t help doing （忍不住要做）III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主谓关系。强调动作将发
11、生或已经完成I heard him call me several times. 不定式to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 在非谓语前加not for sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语分词现在分词doing having done being done having been done 具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done 动名词doing having done being done having been done sb s
12、doing 具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 。-可编辑修改 - have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make 现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel 主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio. 过去分词动宾关系。动作
13、已经完成，多强调状态We found the village greatly changed. IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别：区别举例不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生I have a lot of papers to type. I have a lot of papers to be typed. 动名词通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系Shall we go to the swimming pool? 现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生the boiling water / the
14、boiled water the developing country/the developed country the falling leaves / the fallen leaves 过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成V. 非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别：区别举例不定式多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what 来提问主语或表语。My dream is to become a teacher. To obey the law is important.
15、(dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主语时常用) 动名词与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it 做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。It is no use saying that again and again. Teaching is my job. 分词无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可被 very, quite, rather等副词修饰。现在分词多含有“令人 ”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多
16、为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有 “感到 ”之意，主语多是人。The situation is encouraging. The book is well written. (常见分词有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其 -ed形式 ) 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 。-可编辑修改 -
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