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1、分类号 : U DC 密级 : 编号 : 硕士学位论文 河 南 大 学 生 心 理 健 康 现 状 及 体 育 锻 炼 干 预 研 究 学位申请人 : _ 张良 导师姓名及职称: 李英副教授 专业名称:体育人文社会学 2011年 6月 16日 广西师范学院硕士学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师的指导下,独 立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论 文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文 的研究作出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本 人如违反上述声明,愿意承担由此引发的一切责任和后果。 本人完全了解学校关于保
2、留、使用学位论文的各项规定,同意以 下事项: 1、 学校有权保留并向有关部门送交本论文的复印件和电子版, 允许论文被查阅和借阅,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、 汇编学位论文; 2、 本人授权广西师范学院可以将本论文的全部或部分内容编入 有关数据库供查阅、检阅。 学位论文作者签名 : 签字曰期:尸 /年月 /曰 学位论文使用授权说明 保密 ,在 年解密后适用本授权书。 3、本论文属于 不保密白 (请在以上方框内打 “ V” ) in 签字日期: /$ 签字曰期: 广西师范学院硕士学位论文 申请 教育 学 硕 士 学 位 ) 论文题目 河南大学生心理健康现 状及体育锻炼干预研究 专业名称
3、:体育人文社会学 学泣申请人:张良 导师姓名、职称:李英(副 答辩委员会成员(签名 ) 主 席 : 制 多 沐 河南大学生心理健康现状及体育锻炼干预研究 中文摘要 随着国民经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高,健康也越来越成为人们关 注的焦点,不论是从认知心理学、社会生理学上讲,还是从临床医学上讲, 健康不仅仅指身体上的健康,而且还包括心理上的健康。身体上的健康可以 说是外显性的,心理上的健康却是内隐性的,可通过不同的形式外显出来。 从某种意义上来说,心理上的健康比身体上的健康更为重要。 大学生是国家经济发展的后备力量,肩负着国家兴旺发达的重任,其心 理健康与否不仅直接关系到自身的生活、学习和健康,
4、而且还影响到整体大 学生素质的提高、国家科教兴国策略的实施。在国外,一些发达国家比较重 视大学生的心理健康发展,给大学生较多的自由发展空间; 在我国,大学生 心理健康教育工作起步较晚,经验不足,各方面的管理还不太到位,虽然有 的大学院校开展了心理健康辅导和心理健康咨询服务,但效果甚微,各种心 理问题和心理疾病层出不穷,有待于进一步完善和提高。 近些年来,河南大学生的心理健康水平虽然普遍有所提高,但心理问题 的存在不容忽视,据不完全统计,有百分之十五左右的大学生或多或少的存 在心理问题,通过用 SCL-90症状自测量表和大学生基本情况调查表对大学生 问卷调查及访谈,发现河南大学生的强迫症状、焦虑
5、、敌对、恐怖、精神病 性等因子得分高于全国常模,男大学生 的心理健康水平高于女大学生,特别 是人际关系因子得分,男生明显好于女生,而恐怖、偏执因子得分男生较高 ; 不同级别的大学生心理健康状况各不相同,大一新生的心理健康状况比较普 遍,具有普遍性,大二学生存在强迫症状、焦虑、人际关系敏感等心理症状 较多,大三学生发生偏执、敌对症状的较多,大四学生则由于受就业压力和 毕业考试等因素的影响,强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖和精神病性等心理问 题较多;不同专业的大学生心理健康状况比较,音乐和初等教育专业的大学 生相对较好,但发生偏执行 为的较多,文化产业次之,人际关系敏感、恐怖 症状因子得分较高,计算机和
6、物理学心理问题较严重,抑郁、焦虑、精神病 性等因子得分较高;对于不同家庭基本情况的大学生来说,来自农村的大学 生心理问题多于来自城市的大学生,抑郁、焦虑症状明显,贫困生中强迫症 状、人际关系敏感、恐怖、偏执、精神病性等因子得分高于非贫困生,独生 子女的强迫症状、人际关系敏感、偏执、精神病性等心理问题相对于非独生 子女较为突出,而单亲的大学生精神病性、焦虑、强迫症状高于非单亲的大 学生。总之,河南大学生的心理健康问题既具有普遍性,又具有不均 衡性。 对 1260名大学生问卷调查分析知:大学生普遍存在的心理问题和障碍,如 自我意识存在着独立和依赖的明显矛盾; 性心理问题; 人际关系障碍; 情感问题
7、; 大学生的择业问题。究其原因,跟大学生自我、家庭、学校、 社会等四个因素有关。自我因素是主体因素,受认知、情绪、情感、意志的 影响较大。 鉴于河南大学生的心理健康状况,采取体育锻炼干预措施,通过体育锻 炼 增强个人锻炼意识; 增强协同配合的能力; 缓解压力、放松心情; 提高注意力等。改善大学生的心理境况,建立他们获得成功后的积极的心理 定向。经过 8周16课时的小群体干预,即对洛阳师范学院 2009级物理学、 计算机专业 33名 ( 包含于 1260名大学生中)大学生进行体育锻炼干预,对 他们进行心理调适和自我调适,克服或者淡化影响因素,缓和心理矛盾和心 理现象。在干预结束后用 SCL-90
8、症状自测量表进行第二次问卷调查,通过 Excel数据录入, Spss17.0数据统计发现,干预效果明显,体育锻炼对大学 生的心理效应如认知活动、情绪和人格的影响较大,干预对象因子得分均值 均低于全国常模,敌对因子 P值小于 0.05差别具有统计学意义;干预对象干 预后心理健康状况远远好于干预前的河南大学生心理健康水平,存在症状的 因子得到了较好改善,差别具有统计学意义。 因此,从近两个月的体育锻炼干预收到的效果来看,河南大学生干预对 象的心理健康水平明显提高,说明体育锻炼干预措施的实施是可行的。河南 是一个农业大省,又是一个人口大省,要想使大学生的心理健康水平呈阶梯 状发展,特建议: 积极的心
9、理援助; 重视大学生的性教育,培养正确的 恋爱观; 完善三级心理健康辅导性能; 介入体育锻炼干预; 健康自己。 关键词:心理健康,心理问题,河南 大学生,干预对象,体育锻炼干预 Mental Health Status of Henan College Students and Physical Exercise Intervention Study ABSTRACT With the development of the national economy, the peoples living standards improved. health is also become the foc
10、us, whether from the Cognitive psychology, social physiology or from the Clinical medical, Health than just physical health, including psychological health. the physical health is the dominant and psychological health is the recessive, The recessive mental health is showing the different forms. In s
11、ome ways, Mental health than the physical health are more important. Student is the national economic development of the reserves, shouldering the responsibilities of national prosperity, and their mental health or not directly related to their own living and learning and health, but also affect the
12、 overall quality of students increased and Influence the implementation of the national strategy. In Abroad, some developed countries is more attention to healthy development of students, More freedom to the students development; In china, Students mental health education work started fairly late ,
13、Lack of experience, the administration is not quite in place, Although some the colleges and universities place to carry out psychological health counseling and mental health consultation, But the impact, Various psychological and mental illness can be further improved, to improve. In recent years.
14、Although the level of university students mental health generally improved in Henan, but the psychological problem and can not be ignored, according to incomplete statistics, there are fifteen students are more or less about the psychological problems, Symptoms by using SCL-90 scale and university s
15、tudents basic self-test questionnaire and interview survey of college students, Henan college students were founded that obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxiety, hostility, phobia, psychosis factor scores higher than the national norm, The mental health of male students than female students, Especial
16、ly the interpersonal factor score, boys better than girls, and terrifying, paranoid ideation boys scored higher; Students of different levels of mental health conditions are different, Freshman mental health is relatively common, universal, Sophomore students have obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxi
17、ety, interpersonal sensitivity and other psychological symptoms more, Junior students were paranoid, hostile symptoms more, senior students are due to the employment pressure from examinations and other factors, Obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, anxiety, terrorist and violent such mental pr
18、oblems more ; College students of different professional psychological health, Music and elementary education majors is relatively good, but the paranoid behavior occurred more, Followed by the cultural industry, interpersonal sensitivity, phobia symptoms subscale scores, Computer and physics psycho
19、logical problems are more serious, depression, anxiety, psychosis subscale scores; For the students the basic situation of different families, cin the obsessive compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, phobia, paranoia, psychosis scores than non-poor students, Childs obsessive-compulsive symptoms, int
20、erpersonal sensitivity, paranoia, psychosis and other psychological problems compared to non-child is more prominent, The single-parent students psychosis, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms than non-single-parent students. In short, Henan university of their mental health problems are universal
21、, but also has unbalanced. On the 1260 survey of college students know: Students prevalence of psychological problems and obstacles, For example CD That there is an independent and rely on the apparent dilemma ; DSex problem ; Interpersonal obstacles; Emotional problems; Students Job Hunting the rea
22、son, the students themselves, their families, schools, community and other four factors, Self-factor is the main factor, By cognitive, emotional, emotions, the will of the greater impact. In view of the mental health of university students in Henan, Take physical exercise interventions, Through phys
23、ical exercise : Enhance awareness of personal training; Enhance the capacity of synergies; Relieve stress and relax; Improve concentration, etc. Improve their mental condition, after establishing the success of their positive mental orientation. After 8 weeks of 16 hours of Luoyang Normal University
24、 2009 physics, computer science students a total of 33 physical exercise intervention on their psychological adjustment and self-adaptation, to overcome or play down factors, psychological conflicts and ease the psychological phenomenon. ASpss17.0 statistics showed significant intervention effect, P
25、hysical exercise on psychological effects such as cognitive activity, mood and personality is great, Intervention object mean scores were lower than the national norm, Hostile factors, P value less than 0.05 statistically significant difference; Intervention object mental health intervention is far
26、better than pre-intervention mental health of college students in Henan, There are good factors symptomatic improvement, the difference was statistically significant. Therefore, nearly two months of physical exercise interventions have the effect of view, the object of Henan College of mental health
27、 intervention significantly improved, That the implementation of physical activity intervention is feasible. Henan is a big agricultural province, but also a populous, To make their mental health was the development ladder, Special recommendations: Positive psychological assistance; Importance to th
28、e college of education and train right in love with view ; CD Improve the performance of three mental health counseling; Involved in physical exercise intervention; Health of their own. KEYWORDS: Mental Health, Psychological problems, Henan college students, Intervention object, Exercise intervention