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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流历年英语四级深度阅读真题及答案汇总.精品文档.2010年12月大学英语四级阅读与词汇真题及答案Part Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank
2、following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than
3、once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how
4、 genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.Any research that suggests that 50 to perform
5、certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can ge
6、nes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science
7、 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作
8、答。A abilities I extentB achieve J indicatesC appeal K proceedsD complaints L psychologicalE contributions M raisedF displayed N smartG essentially O standardH eventuallySection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For
9、 each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may
10、be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some indust
11、rial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career w
12、as to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lees is one of them.The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate a
13、t the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.Higher u
14、p the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such a
15、s how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product develop
16、ment. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”注意： 此部分试题请在答
17、题卡2上作答。57. By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means _.A university researchers know little about the commercial worldB there is little exchange between industry and academiaC few industrial scientists would quit to work in a universityD few university professors are willing to do in
18、dustrial research58. The word “deterrent” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that _.A keeps someone from taking action C attracts peoples attentionB helps to move the traffic D brings someone a financial burden59. What was Helen Lees major consideration when she changed her job in t
19、he middle of her career?A Flexible work hours. C Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.B Her research interests. D Prospects of academic accomplishments.60. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to _.A do financially more rewarding workB raise his status in the academic
20、worldC enrich his experience in medical researchD exploit better intellectual opportunities61. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?A Increase its graduates competitiveness in the job market.B Develop its students potential in research.C Help it to
21、 obtain financial support from industry.D Gear its research towards practical applications.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick
22、, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could a
23、dd as much as seven years to a mans life and two to a womans. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with
24、 heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesnt smoke. Theres a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die
25、 in the couple of years following their spouses death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all k
26、inds of social networks have similar effects.So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system,
27、leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate s
28、ocial network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。62. William Farrs study and other studies show that _.A social life provides an effective cure for illnessB being sociable helps improve ones quality of lif
29、eC women benefit more than men from marriageD marriage contributes a great deal to longevity63. Linda Waites studies support the idea that _.A older men should quit smoking to stay healthyB marriage can help make up for ill healthC the married are happier than the unmarriedD unmarried people are lik
30、ely to suffer in later life64. It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to _.A the disadvantages of being marriedB the emotional problems arising from marriageC the responsibility of taking care of ones familyD the consequence of a broken marriage65. What doe
31、s the author say about social networks?A They have effects similar to those of a marriage.B They help develop peoples community spirit.C They provide timely support for those in need.D They help relieve people of their lifes burdens.66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A Its important th
32、at we develop a social network when young.B To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.C Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.D We should share our social networks with each other.答案：选词填空：47.raised48.displayed49.contributions50.abilities51.achieve52.smart53.proceeds54.in
33、dicates55.essentially56.evevtually仔细阅读： 57.fewuniversity58.attracts59.herinterests60.exploit61.Increase62.marriageillness63.marriagehealth64.themarried65.theyneed66.To2010年06月大学英语四级阅读与词汇真题及答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a
34、 passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for e
35、ach item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that ma
36、ke the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be _47_ wasteful to tear them all down and _48_ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average
37、 of 65 years for the _49_ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest _50_, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, co
38、oling and _51_ our homes, offices and other buildings. You cant deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings, says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some _52_, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more
39、energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that _53_ over time and let in more outside air.Fortunately, there are a _54_ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from _55_ ones like Lincolns Cottage to your own postwar home. And
40、efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help _56_ property owners from rising power costs.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 A) accommodations B) clumsy C) doubtful D) exceptions E) expand F) historic G) incredibly H) powering I) protect J) reduced K) replace L) sense M) shifted N) supp
41、lying O) vastSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with
42、 a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.You never see him, but theyre with you every time you fly. They record where you are going,how fast youre traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to wit
43、hstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book.Theyre known as the black box.When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a
44、 French submarine (潜水艇) detected the devices homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information
45、like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane the area least subject
46、to impact from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots convers
47、ations,and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircrafts final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand mass
48、ive force and temperatures up to 2,000. When submerged, theyre also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say theyre still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea cras