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1、-2010年12月大学英语四级阅读与词汇真题及答案Part Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through
2、carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the followi
3、ng passage.What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48
4、activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.Any research that suggests that 50 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is contro
5、versial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divor
6、ced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human
7、 traits. From this perspective, people are born 55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A abilities I extentB achieve J indicatesC app
8、eal K proceedsD complaints L psychologicalE contributions M raisedF displayed N smartG essentially O standardH eventuallySection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B
9、, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try thei
10、r luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of aca
11、demia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to c
12、hoose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lees is one of them.The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics
13、at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more si
14、gnificant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage
15、budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates wil
16、l continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57. By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para.
17、1), the author means _.A university researchers know little about the commercial worldB there is little exchange between industry and academiaC few industrial scientists would quit to work in a universityD few university professors are willing to do industrial research58. The word “deterrent” (Line
18、2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that _.A keeps someone from taking action C attracts peoples attentionB helps to move the traffic D brings someone a financial burden59. What was Helen Lees major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?A Flexible work hours. C
19、 Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.B Her research interests. D Prospects of academic accomplishments.60. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to _.A do financially more rewarding workB raise his status in the academic worldC enrich his experience in medical research
20、D exploit better intellectual opportunities61. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?A Increase its graduates competitiveness in the job market.B Develop its students potential in research.C Help it to obtain financial support from industry.D Gear i
21、ts research towards practical applications.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to
22、come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a mans life and two
23、 to a womans. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four ye
24、ars longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesnt smoke. Theres a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouses
25、death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.So
26、how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depr
27、ession later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Chr
28、istakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。62. William Farrs study and other studies show that _.A social life provides an effective cure for illnessB being sociable helps improve ones quality of lifeC women benefit more than men from marriageD ma
29、rriage contributes a great deal to longevity63. Linda Waites studies support the idea that _.A older men should quit smoking to stay healthyB marriage can help make up for ill healthC the married are happier than the unmarriedD unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life64. It can be inferre
30、d from the context that the “flip side” (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to _.A the disadvantages of being marriedB the emotional problems arising from marriageC the responsibility of taking care of ones familyD the consequence of a broken marriage65. What does the author say about social networks?A They ha
31、ve effects similar to those of a marriage.B They help develop peoples community spirit.C They provide timely support for those in need.D They help relieve people of their lifes burdens.66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A Its important that we develop a social network when young.B To s
32、tay healthy, one should have a proper social network.C Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.D We should share our social networks with each other.答案：选词填空：47.raised48.displayed49.contributions50.abilities51.achieve52.smart53.proceeds54.indicates55.essentially56.evevtually仔细阅读： 57.fewun
33、iversity58.attracts59.herinterests60.exploit61.Increase62.marriageillness63.marriagehealth64.themarried65.theyneed66.To2010年06月大学英语四级阅读与词汇真题及答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to se
34、lect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line th
35、rough the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the
36、 U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be _47_ wasteful to tear them all down and _48_ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the _49_ carbon emissions from
37、a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest _50_, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and _51_ our homes, offices and other buil
38、dings. You cant deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings, says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some _52_, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 20
39、00, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that _53_ over time and let in more outside air.Fortunately, there are a _54_ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from _55_ ones like Lincolns Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just
40、 the earth; they can help _56_ property owners from rising power costs.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 A) accommodations B) clumsy C) doubtful D) exceptions E) expand F) historic G) incredibly H) powering I) protect J) reduced K) replace L) sense M) shifted N) supplying O) vastSection BDirections: There are 2 pa
41、ssages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQue
42、stions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.You never see him, but theyre with you every time you fly. They record where you are going,how fast youre traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like
43、something out of a comic book.Theyre known as the black box.When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the devices hom
44、ing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first
45、mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane the area least subject to impact from its original position in the land
46、ing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots conversations,and a flight-data recorder, which monitor
47、s fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircrafts final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000. When submerged, theyre also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say theyre still likel