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1、20132013 年年 1212 月大学英语四级考试真题（一）月大学英语四级考试真题（一）In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite andfood intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological needfor energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in frontof us.Studies
2、 have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similardistraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simplevisual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion sizeand consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory a
3、lso may play a role in appetite.Several hours after a meal, peoples hunger levels were predicted not by how muchtheyd eaten but rather by how much food theyd seen in front of them in otherwords, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bi
4、ggerinfluence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom,a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.Hunger isnt controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recentmeal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal
5、， Brunstromsays. This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is morecomplex than we thought.These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food cansometimes trick our bodys response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance,people who drank the same
6、3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasionsproduced different levels of hunger-related hormones（荷尔蒙） ， depending on whetherthe shakes label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participantsreported feeling more full when they thought theyd consumed a higher-calorie shake.Wha
7、t does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practicalto trick ourselves intoeating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits offocusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help uscont
8、rol our appetite, Brunstrom says.56. What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake? A) How we perceive the food we eat. C) When we eat our meals. B) What ingredients the food contains. D) How fast we eat our meals.57. What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot
9、 in theprevious meal? A) You would probably be more picky about food. B) You would not feel like eating the same food. C) You would have a good appetite. D) You would not feel so hungry.58. What do we learn from the 2011 study? A) Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.B) Food labels m
10、ay influence our bodys response to food. C) Hunger levels depend on ones consumption of calories. D) People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.59. What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite? A) Trick ourselves into eating less. C) Concentrate on food whileeating. B) Ch
11、oose foodwith fewer calories. D) Pick dishes ofthe right size.60. What is the main idea of the passage? A) Eating distractions often affect our food digestion. B) Psychological factors influence our hunger levels. C) Our food intake is determined by our biological needs. D) Good eating habits will c
12、ontribute to our health.56. A 57.D 58. B 59.C 60. BAs a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education,so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally,both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing rolesthat ar
13、e likely to be expected of them.High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than theymight, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gapin our economy. We encourage students to go on to college whether they are preparedor not, or have a clear se
14、nse of purpose or interest, and now have the highest collegedropout rate in the world.We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer bettertraining, as well as the development of a work ethic (勤奋工作的美德）and theintellectual skills needed for continued learning and development
15、. I recommendHarvards 2011 Pathways to Prosperity report for more attention to the forgottenhalf (those who do not go on to college) and ideas about how to address this issue.Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a knowledgeeconomy where professional roles change rapid
16、ly and many college students arepreparing for positions that may not even exist yet, the skill set needed is onethat prepares them for change and continued learning.Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to findinformation, and knowing how to do research are all-solid
17、 background skills for awide variety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular majorin a liberal arts college. We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinkingskills ihat will serve for a lifetime.Students also need to learn to work independently and to make respons
18、ibledecisions. The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated (惡化）by parentalinvolvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in college education,parental concern is not surprising, but learning where and when to intervene ( 干预）will help students take more ownership of the outco
19、mes of these increasinglycostly educations.61. What kind of education does the author think is ideal? A) It benefits the great majority of the general population. B) It prepares students to meet the future needs of society. C) It encourages students to learn throughout their lives. D) It ensures tha
20、t students expectations are successfully fulfilled.62. What does the author say is the problem with present high schooleducation? A) Ignoring the needs of those who dont go to college. B) Teaching skills to be used right after graduation only. C) Giving little attention to those having difficulty le
21、arning. D) Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world.63. What characterizes a knowledge economy according to the passage? A) People have to receive higher education to qualify for aprofessional position. B) Students majoring in liberal arts usually have difficulty securinga job. C) Ne
22、w positions are constantly created that require people to keeplearning. D) Colleges find it hard to teach students how to cope with the changingeconomy.64. What does the author think a liberal arts college should focus on? A) Solid background knowledge in a particular field. B) Practical skills urge
23、ntly needed in current society. C) Basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning. D) Useful thinking skills for advanced academic research.65. What suggestion docs the author offer to parents? A) Rethinking the value of higher education. B) Investing wisely in their childrens education. C) He
24、lping their children lo bring their talent into full play.D) Avoiding too much intervention in their childrens education.答案详解 61. B 62. D 63. C 64. C 65 D20132013 年年 6 6 月全国大学英语四级考试真题月全国大学英语四级考试真题According to a report, around 30,000 pupils started secondary school last yearwith the math skills of a
25、seven-year-old. MPs (国会议员) warned that many youngpeople would need “expensive” remedial lessons in later life to get a job posingmajor problems for the economy. The findings came just months after Ofsted( 教育标准办公室)claimed almost half of math lessons in English schools were not goodenough. It said man
26、y teachers relied on textbooks and mundane exercises to make surepupils passed exams at the expense of a proper understanding of the subject. MPsbacked the conclusions, saying too many pupils found lessons “boring”. Theyinsisted improvements had been made under Labor but achievement had “leveled off
27、”in recent years.In 2008, 79 percent of pupils met the Governments expected standard at theend of primary school, well short of the 85 percent target set for 2006. Around fivepercent moved to secondary school with the math skills of a seven- year-old, saidthe committee. In 2006, 2.3 billion was spen
28、t teaching the subject. It equatesto around a quarter of the 10 billion total budget for primary teaching and supportstaff.The report said the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF)needed to “radically rethink its strategy for improving pupil attainment; otherwisewe seriously doubt tha
29、t the department will meet its 2011 target”. The targetdemands that 84.5 percent of pupils will make the necessary progress between 7 and11.Last year, the DCSF published a major review of math education in England toboost standards. It called for a math specialist in every primaryschool within 10yea
30、rs and more emphasis on mathematical “play” in nursery schools. Mr. Leigh said,“The departments 10 -year program to train 13,000 specialist math teachers willnot benefit some primary schools for another decade. Thats far too long; thedepartment needs to look for ways to accelerate the program.” Sara
31、h McCarthy Fry,the Schools Minister, said, “We have already accepted the main recommendation froma recent independent review of primary math that every school should have aspecialist math teacher and have pledged 24 million over the next three years fora training program for teachers.”Nick Gibb, the
32、 Tory shadow schools secretary, said, “The Government is notgetting value for the money they have piled into education and the country is fallingbehind in international league tables as a result. The Government has failed toreplace methods of teaching which have failed with tried and tested methods
33、usedin countries that have much higher levels of math achievement.”57. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A) 30,000 pupils started secondary school with poor math skills.B) MPs insist more improvements should be made under Labor.C) Young people need medical lessons to get a job.D) Half of Eng
34、lish schools were not good enough.58. According to the passage, what happened in 2006?A) 21% of pupils didnt meet the Governments expected standard.B) The target set for 2006 was 87 percent.C) 2.3 billion was spent on math teaching.D) The total budget for primary teaching and support staff was 5 bil
35、lion in2006.59. What will people probably do to improve math education in England?A) Spend money on training specialist math teachers.B) Hire a math specialist for every primary school.C) Allow pupils to have more mathematical “play”.D) Spend more time on math education.60. What do Nick Gibbs words
36、mean?A) The British government should put more money into math education.B) Britain is falling behind in the international knowledge competition.C) The British government should learn from other countries failures.D) The British government should change their teaching methods every few years.61. Wha
37、ts the passage mainly talking about?A) There arent enough math teachers in British primary schools.B) The British government didnt spend enough money on math education.C) British pupils are not good at math.D) Math lessons in British primary schools need to be improved. Conservationists call them ho
38、t spots habitats that cover just 1.4percent of the earths land surface but are so rich in biologicaldiversity that preserving them could keep an astonishing number of plantand animal species off the endangered list.Since 1988, when Dr. Norman Myers and his colleagues begandescribing these hot spots
39、in a series of scientific papers and arguingfor their protection, they have become a focus of worldwide conservationefforts. Private organizations and government agencies, including theWorld Bank, have made preserving 25 such ecological arks a top priorityfor financing and protective legislation. Bu
40、t a growing chorus ofscientists is warning that directing conservation funds to hot spots maybe a recipe for major losses in the future. Of species that live on land,nearly half of all plants and more than a third of all animals are foundonly in the hot spots. But they do not include many rare speci
41、es and majoranimal groups that live in less biologically rich regions (“cold spots”).And the hot-spot concept does not factor in the importance of someecosystems to human beings, the scientists argue.This debate has been simmering quietly among biologists for years;however, it is coming to a boil no
42、w with the publication of an articlein the current issue of American Scientist arguing that “calls to directconservation funding to the worlds biodiversity hot spots may be badinvestment advice.” “The hot-spot concept has grown so popular in recentyears within the larger conservation community that
43、it now risks eclipsingall other approaches,” write the authors of the paper. “The officersand directors of all too many foundations, non-governmental organizationsand international agencies have been seduced by the simplicity of the hotspot idea,” they go on.“We worry that the initially appealingide
44、a ofgetting the most species per unit area is, in fact, a thoroughly misleadingstrategy.”But hot spots have their ardent defenders, notably Dr. Norman Myersand Dr. Russell Mittermeier. Dr. Myers says hot spots have been successfulat attracting attention and financing for conservation in tropicalcoun
45、tries. “And that has been good,” he said. “No one is suggestingthat one invest solely in hot spots, but if you want to avoid extinctions,you have to invest in them.”62. The best title for this passage would be _.A) A Debate on Preserving Hot Spots B) An Introduction to Hot SpotsC) Hot Spots vs. Cold
46、 Spots D) How to Finance Hot Spots63. Hot spots occupy a small percentage of the earths land surface with_.A) a third of all plants B) many major animal groups living in cold spots C) rich biological diversity D) many rare species living in cold spots64. Critics of hot spots hold the opinion that _.
47、A) hot spots are always as important as cold spotsB) it is unwise to invest largely in hot spotsC) governments should choose the best time to invest in hot spotsD) the hot-spot approach is a misleading strategy from the verybeginning65. According to Dr. Norman Myers, _.A) protecting and investing in
48、 hot spots can save species fromextinctionB) conservation efforts should not center on hot spotsC) governments should invest most in cold spotsD) the hot-spot approach now is not as good as it was in the past66. What is the writers attitude towards the hot-spot approach?A) Critical. B) Neutral. C) S
49、upportive. D) Doubtful.20122012 年年 6 6 月英语四级月英语四级Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.In times of economic crisis. Americans turn to their families for support. Ifthe Great Depression is any guide, we may see a drop in our skyhigh divorce rate.But this wont necessarily represent. an
50、 increase in happy marriages. In the longrun, the Depression weakened American families, and the current crisis will probablydo the same.We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together tosurvive huge job losses, By 1932. when nearly one-quarter of the workforce wasunemploy