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1、Grammar attributive clauses定语从句定语从句: 是指在复合句中是指在复合句中, 修饰修饰 或或 的从句。被定语从句所修的从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做饰的名词或代词叫做 “ ”。引导定语从句的。引导定语从句的词叫词叫“ ”。 名词名词代词代词 先行词先行词关系词关系词基础知识基础知识 定定语语从从句句The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代人 指
2、代事物指代事物 所属关系所属关系 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who, whom, thatwhich, thatwhose (of which/of whom)wherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词引导词引导词先行词先行词成分成分关关系系代代词词who人人主，宾主，宾whom人人宾宾which物物主主,宾宾,表表,that人或物人或物主主,宾宾,表表whose+ 名词名词 (=of whom/which + the+名词名词)人或物人或物定定关关系系副副词词where (=介词介词at/in/from+which)地点词地点词状状when(=介词介词at/on
3、/in+ which)时间词时间词状状why (= for which)reason状状the +名词名词+ of which/ whome.g.: 1.The man who was here yesterday is a painter. 2. I know the man whom you mean.3. I have that which you give me.4. She is no longer the girl (that) she was before she went to college. 5. Nobody wants the house whose roof has
4、fallen in.6. The office where he works is on the second floor.7.The reason why he didnt come was not made clear.8.I still remember the days when we worked together.（who作主语）作主语）(whom作宾语作宾语)(which作宾语作宾语)(that作表语作表语)(whose作定语作定语)A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is _can fly.a machine th
5、at /whichJoin the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday._ we saw yesterday is Mary.The girlThe girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday._we saw yesterday is Mary.that/who/whomThe girl1. There is nothing _ can prevent him from doing it.2. Do you have anything _ you dont understand?3.Th
6、at is all _ I want to say.thatthat1. that与与which当先行词是当先行词是all,everything, nothing, anything, something, much,little,few等等不定代词不定代词时时,定语从句用定语从句用that引导。引导。that1. This is the best TV _ is made in China.2. The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.thatthat先行词被先行词被形容词最高级或序数词形容词最高级或序数词修
7、饰修饰时时, 定语从句用定语从句用that引导。引导。1.Ive read all the books _ you lent me.2.Mr Smith is the only foreigner _ he knows.that先行词被先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last 修饰时修饰时,定语从句用定语从句用that引导引导。that1. The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest
8、among the students.2. A victim is a person, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.thatthat先行词中既有人又有事物时先行词中既有人又有事物时, 引导定引导定语从句用语从句用that。1. Who _ you have ever seen can do it better?Who做先行词时做先行词时, 引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that。that1. Her bag, in _ she put all her money, has been stolen.2. This is the
9、ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.3. Xiao Wang, with _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.whichwhichwhom在介词后面在介词后面, 指事物用指事物用which, 指人用指人用whom。whose 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句表示所属关系表示所属关系The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.whose2. whose的用法的用法There are in this class 20 students, _ ar
10、e different.A. whose backgrounds B. The backgrounds of whomC. of whom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whoseThe earth is round, _ we all know._ is known to all, the earth is round._ is known to all that the earth is round.as AsIt3. as的用法的用法定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as, as 具有具有“正如，就像正如，就像”之意，与之搭配的动之
11、意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的。词一般是固定的。This is the same book as I lost. 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。This is the same book that I lost.这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。asas定语从句定语从句This is such an intere
12、sting book _ we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.thatthat这本书如此有趣这本书如此有趣, 大家都喜欢。大家都喜欢。结果状语从句结果状语从句1. It is very useful to master a foreign language, _ has been said before.which2. _ everyone hoped, Mary has won the first prize. Asas引导定语从句可放在句首引导定语从句可放在句首, 句中句中, 句末句末, 而而which
13、引导定语从句不能放在句首。引导定语从句不能放在句首。as译为正如译为正如, 好像。好像。which 则没有此义。则没有此义。1) Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.2) Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.3) Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you.4) This is the museum _I visited last year.whenwhichthatwhichthatwhichthat4. when, wh
14、ere, why与与that, which的区别的区别This is the reason _ (= for which) I didnt come here. The reason _ she gave was not true.whywhich/that指时间指时间, 地点或原因的先行词在定语从地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语句中作主语或宾语, 用用which或或that引导引导定语从句。定语从句。1)He is the only one in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise. 2)He is one of the s
15、tudents in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise. hashave5. 定语从句中的谓语动词定语从句中的谓语动词 关系代词在定语从句中做关系代词在定语从句中做主语主语时，谓时，谓语动词的语动词的数数取决于取决于先行词先行词。先行词是。先行词是个个句子时句子时，从句中的，从句中的谓语动词谓语动词用用单数单数形式。形式。 如果如果“one of +one of +复数名词复数名词”位于关系位于关系代词前代词前作先行词作先行词时，从句中的时，从句中的动词动词常常用用复数复数。但当。但当oneone前前有有the(only),the(v
16、erythe(only),the(very) )等修饰时，从句等修饰时，从句中的中的谓语动词谓语动词要用要用单数单数。1) 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配This is the book _ which you asked.forThe old man whom I am looking after is better.6. 如何判断介词如何判断介词注意注意: 动词短语不能拆开即介词不提前动词短语不能拆开即介词不提前2) 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books _ whi
17、ch I am not very familiar.3) 根据先行词判断根据先行词判断, 所用的介词与先行所用的介词与先行词搭配词搭配This is our classroom, _ which there is a teachers desk.within the front of7. 当先行词为way 并且定语从句中缺少状语状语时，关系词可用that/in which或可以省略。 e.g.: All of us disliked the way (that/in which)Tom settled the maths problem. Treat others in the way (th
18、at/in which) you want to be treated. 当先行词为way 并且定语从句中缺少宾语宾语时，关系词用that /which或可以省略。 e.g.: I dont understand the way (that/which) the teacher explained to me. lwhere there were lots of new ideaslwhich Mencius gave. lwhose ideas were very influential lwho lived an unusual life. lwhen there was a lot of
19、 war. 1. Confucius lived in a century2. Ancient China was a country3. Some rulers followed the advice4. Philosophers were people5. Mozi was a manI. Match the two parts of the sentences.课后练习课后练习II. Complete each sentence with one of these words. 1. Mencius wrote a book _ many people have read. 2. Men
20、cius came from a part of the world _ change was happening fast. whichwherewho which when where whose3. This was a period _ many people became interested in Confuciuss teachings.4. Mozi was a man _ behavior was often unusual. 5. Mozi was a teacher _ principles were different from those of Confucius.
21、whose whenwhose 6. It was a time _ philosophers could have positions in governments. 7. He came from an area _ people were very poor. wherewhen1. Were in the region. Printing was first invented in this region. Were in the region in which printing was first invented.III. Connect these sentences using
22、 the given phrases.of which at which to whom of whom in which 2. It is an invention. He is very proud of this invention. It is an invention of which he is very proud.3. He is a man. I am afraid of this man because he has invented something dangerous. He is a man of whom Im afraid because he has inve
23、nted something dangerous.4. The machine is very old. You are looking at that machine. The machine at which youre looking is very old. 5. Is that the inventor? You were talking to him. Is that the inventor to whom you were talking?根据下列句子根据下列句子, 完成短文。完成短文。 众所周知众所周知, 上海将召开世博会。英语上海将召开世博会。英语作为一种国际语言作为一种国
24、际语言, 在交流中起了重要在交流中起了重要作用。作为高一学生作用。作为高一学生, 我们应抓住现在我们应抓住现在的学习机会努力学好它。只有这样的学习机会努力学好它。只有这样, 才才能在以后的挑战中为祖国贡献自己的力能在以后的挑战中为祖国贡献自己的力量。量。注意注意: 要使用定语从句。要使用定语从句。 As is known to all, world expo 2010 will be host in Shanghai. English, which is an international language, played an important part in communicating with foreigners. We Senior One students should catch this opportunity to learn it well, by which we can make our contribution to our country in the future challenge.